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Official DualDisc logo

DualDisc is a type of double-sided optical disc product developed by a group of record companies including EMI Music, Universal Music Group, Sony/BMG Music Entertainment, Warner Music Group, and 5. The EMI Group is a British music company comprising the major record company EMI Music – which operates several labels and is based in Kensington in Universal Music Group (UMG is the largest Business group and family of Record labels in the Recording industry. Sony Music Entertainment is a major global Record label controlled by the Sony Corporation of America, being one of the "big four" record companies Warner Music Group (WMG is the third-largest of the "big four" major record labels, the others being Sony BMG, EMI, and Universal 1 Entertainment Group[1] and now under the aegis of the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). It features an audio layer similar to a CD (but not following the Red Book CD Specifications) on one side and a standard DVD layer on the other. A Compact Disc (also known as a CD) is an Optical disc used to store digital data, originally developed for storing digital audio Red Book is the standard for audio CDs ( Compact Disc Digital Audio system or CDDA) DVD (also known as " Digital Versatile Disc " or " Digital Video Disc " - see Etymology)is In this respect it is similar to, but distinct from, the DVD Plus invented in Europe by Dieter Dierks and covered by European patents. The DVDplus is a dual-sided disc similar to the DualDisc. It is an Optical disc Storage technology that combines the technology of DVD and

DualDiscs first appeared in the United States in March 2004 as part of a marketing test conducted by the same five record companies who developed the product. "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " The record industry is the part of the Music industry that sells Sound recordings of Music. The test involved thirteen titles being released to a limited number of retailers in the Boston, Massachusetts, and Seattle, Washington, markets. The test marketing was seen as a success after 82% of respondents to a survey (which was included with the test titles) said that DualDiscs met or exceeded their expectations. In addition, 90% of respondents said that they would recommend DualDisc to a friend. [2]

DualDisc titles received a mass rollout to retailers throughout the United States in February, 2005, though some titles were available as early as November, 2004. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The recording industry had nearly 200 DualDisc titles available by the end of 2005 and over 2,000,000 units had been sold by the middle of that year. [3]

Contents

Technical details

How a DualDisc works
How a DualDisc works

DualDiscs appear to be based on double-sided DVD technology such as DVD-10, DVD-14 and DVD-18 except that DualDisc technology replaces one of the DVD sides with a CD. DVD (also known as " Digital Versatile Disc " or " Digital Video Disc " - see Etymology)is DVD (also known as " Digital Versatile Disc " or " Digital Video Disc " - see Etymology)is DVD (also known as " Digital Versatile Disc " or " Digital Video Disc " - see Etymology)is The discs are made by fusing together a standard 0. 6 mm-thick DVD layer (4. 7-gigabyte storage capacity) to a 0. A gigabyte (derived from the SI prefix Giga-) is a unit of Information or Computer 9 mm-thick CD layer (60-minute or 525-megabyte storage capacity), resulting in a 1. A megabyte is a unit of Information or Computer storage equal to either 106 (1000000 Bytes or 220 (1048576 bytes depending on 5 mm-thick double-sided hybrid disc that contains CD content on one side and DVD content on the other.

The challenge for the designers of DualDisc was to produce a dual-sided disc which was not too thick to play reliably in slot-loading drives, while the CD side was not too thin to be tracked easily by the laser. DVD Plus, though conceptually similar, uses a thicker CD layer and thus is more likely to get stuck in a slot-loading player (although this appears to be almost unknown); DualDisc takes the other course by thinning the CD layer.

Because the 0. 9 mm thickness of the DualDisc CD layer does not conform to Red Book CD Specifications, which call for a layer no less than 1. Red Book is the standard for audio CDs ( Compact Disc Digital Audio system or CDDA) 1 mm thick, some CD players may not be able to play the CD side of a DualDisc due to a phenomenon called spherical aberration. spherical-aberration-diskjpg|thumb|300 px|left|A Point source as imaged by a system with negative (top zero (center and positive (bottom spherical aberration As a result, the laser reading the CD side might get a "blurry" picture of the data on the disc; the equivalent of a human reading a book with glasses of the wrong strength. Engineers have tried to get around this by making the pits in the CD layer larger than on a conventional CD. This makes the CD side easier for the laser to read; equivalent to the book using bigger print to make it easier to see, even if the person's glasses are of the wrong strength. The downside to this, however, is that the playing time for the CD layer of some early DualDiscs decreased, from the standard 74 minutes of a conventional CD, to around 60 minutes, although this early limitation now appears to have been overcome.

Because the DualDisc CD layer does not conform to Red Book specifications, Philips and Sony have refused to allow DualDisc titles to carry the CD logo and most DualDiscs contain one of two warnings:

The DVD side of a DualDisc completely conforms to the specifications set forth by the DVD Forum and DualDiscs have been cleared to use the DVD logo. The DVD Forum is an international organization composed of hardware software media and content companies that use and develop the DVD and HD DVD formats

Hopes for DualDisc

Record companies have two main hopes for DualDiscs; the first being that they will eventually replace CDs as the preferred media for purchase at music retailers,[4] and the second being that the inclusion of bonus DVD content at a price similar to a conventional CD will help to slow down online music piracy by giving consumers more incentive to buy their music through retailers. 'Copyright infringement' (or copyright violation) is the unauthorized use of material that is covered by Copyright law in a manner that violates [5][6] Some titles such as Devils & Dust by Bruce Springsteen and Straight Outta Lynwood by "Weird Al" Yankovic have been released in the United States on DualDisc only. Devils & Dust is the thirteenth studio album by Bruce Springsteen, and his third folk album (after Nebraska and The Ghost of Tom Joad Straight Outta Lynwood is the twelfth album by "Weird Al" Yankovic. Alfred Matthew "Weird Al" Yankovic (ˈjæŋkəvɪk born October 23 1959 is a Grammy Award winning American singer Musician, actor satirist

Costs versus conventional CDs

In the US, the cost of a DualDisc at retail versus that of a conventional CD varies depending on the title but, on average, a DualDisc costs about $1. 50 to $2. 50 USD more than the same title on CD. The United States dollar ( sign: $; code: USD) is the unit of Currency of the United States; it has also been [7] Some DualDisc titles such as Mr. A-Z by Jason Mraz and In Your Honor by the Foo Fighters have enhanced packaging which increases the retail cost of the DualDisc version of the albums over their CD counterparts more than the average. Jason Mraz ( IPA: /ˈdʒeɪsʌn mɜrˈæz/ born June 23, 1977) is a Singer-songwriter, born and raised in Mechanicsville Virginia In Your Honor is the fifth Album by the rock band Foo Fighters, released on June 14, 2005. Foo Fighters is an American Alternative rock and Post-grunge band formed by singer/guitarist Dave Grohl in 1995 There are also other factors which go into the additional costs such as production, marketing etc.

Common DVD content

What one finds on the DVD side of a DualDisc title will vary. Common content includes:

Audio types

The CD side of a DualDisc contains standard 16-bit LPCM audio sampled at 44. Linear pulse code modulation ( LPCM) is a method of encoding audio information digitally 1 kHz. On the DVD side, most record companies, with the notable exception of Sony Music, provide the album's music in both high-resolution, 24-bit DVD-Audio (typically at a sample rate of 96 or 192 kHz for stereo and 48 or 96 kHz for surround sound) and lower-resolution, 16-bit Dolby Digital sound (typically sampled at 48 kHz). Sony Music Entertainment is a major global Record label controlled by the Sony Corporation of America, being one of the "big four" record companies DVD-Audio (commonly abbreviated as DVD-A) is a digital format for delivering very High-fidelity audio content on a DVD. Dolby Digital is the marketing name for a series of lossy audio compression technologies developed by Dolby This is done to allow consumers with DVD-Audio players access to very high-resolution stereophonic and/or surround sound versions of the album while also providing the lower-resolution Dolby Digital stereophonic and/or surround sound which is compatible with any DVD player.

Because Sony has a high-resolution audio format, SACD, in the marketplace which directly competes with DVD-Audio (see next section), Sony Music, as a general rule, only provides 16-bit, 48 kHz sampled LPCM stereophonic (and sometimes Dolby Digital Surround) sound on the DVD side of their DualDiscs. Super Audio CD ( SACD) is a read-only optical audio disc format that can provide higher fidelity digital audio reproduction than the Red The sound is compatible with any DVD player; however, it does not provide the higher fidelity and resolution of 24-bit, high sample-rate DVD-Audio.

Competition

How a hybrid Super Audio CD works
How a hybrid Super Audio CD works

The biggest competition to DualDisc is the hybrid Super Audio CD (SACD), which was developed by Sony and Philips Electronics, the same companies that created the CD. Super Audio CD ( SACD) is a read-only optical audio disc format that can provide higher fidelity digital audio reproduction than the Red is a multinational conglomerate corporation headquartered in Minato Tokyo, Japan, and one of the world's largest Media conglomerates with Koninklijke Philips Electronics NV ( Royal Philips Electronics Inc. DualDiscs and hybrid SACDs are competing solutions to the problem of providing higher-resolution audio on a disc that can still be played on conventional CD players.

DualDiscs take the approach of using a double-sided disc to provide the necessary backwards compatibility; hybrid SACDs are a one-sided solution that instead use two layers: a conventional CD layer and a high-resolution layer.

Lasers in conventional CD players have a different wavelength (typically around 780 nm) than those in SACD players (650 nm). In Physics wavelength is the distance between repeating units of a propagating Wave of a given Frequency. Hybrid SACDs possess a special high density layer that is transparent to the conventional CD player's laser but is partially reflected by the SACD player's laser. When a hybrid SACD is placed into a conventional CD player, the laser beam passes through the high-resolution layer and is reflected by the conventional layer at the regular 1. 2 mm distance. The result is that the hybrid disc plays as normal.

When a hybrid disc is placed into an SACD player, the laser is partially reflected by the high-resolution layer (at 0. 6 mm distance) before it can reach the conventional layer. If a conventional CD is placed into an SACD player, the laser will read the disc without incident since there is no high-resolution layer to reflect. Because of the difference between the working distances of CDs and SACDs, the aperture of the lens in the SACD player must be adjusted to obtain the correct focal length. The focal length of an optical system is a measure of how strongly it converges (focuses or diverges (diffuses Light. [8][9]

Hybrid SACDs claim a higher compatibility rate with conventional CD players than DualDisc, because hybrid SACDs conform to Red Book standards. Red Book is the standard for audio CDs ( Compact Disc Digital Audio system or CDDA) However, a SACD or SACD-capable DVD player is required to take advantage of the enhanced SACD layer. With a DualDisc, consumers can use their existing DVD player to hear surround mixes. (DVD-Audio capable players are required for higher-resolution audio, if present. ) It is currently estimated that 75% of households in the United States have at least one DVD player. [10]

In addition, several SonyBMG titles whose regular editions include copy protection programs (such as XCP and SunnComm) do not feature the software on the DualDisc versions. XCP redirects here For other uses see XCP (disambiguation. Extended Copy Protection (XCP is a software package SunnComm International Inc was the company that developed and owned the MediaMax technology software package which was sold as a form of Copy protection for

Criticisms

There are numerous criticisms about DualDiscs, ranging from size to DualDiscs being more fragile than conventional CDs.

Consumer complaints

In addition to the possible inability for some CD players to read a DualDisc properly, other consumer criticisms of DualDisc include:

Manufacturer warnings

A number of electronics companies such as Lexicon,[11] Marantz,[12] Mark Levinson,[13] Onkyo,[14] Panasonic,[15] Pioneer,[16] and Sony (both its Computer Entertainment and Electronics divisions)[17][18] issued statements warning consumers about possible problems with playing DualDisc titles on their equipment. Ripping is the process of copying audio or video content to a Hard disk, typically from Removable media or media streams. Lexicon is an audio equipment manufacturing company founded in 1971 Marantz is a company that develops and sells upper-mid range to High-end audio products The company Mark Levinson, now owned by Madrigal Audio Laboratories (part of the Harman International Industries group specializes in high-end digital audio Jyutping: on1 kiu4) ( is a Japanese consumer Electronics manufacturer specializing in Home cinema and Audio equipment ( is a Multinational Corporation that specializes in digital entertainment products based in Tokyo, Japan. is a multinational conglomerate corporation headquartered in Minato Tokyo, Japan, and one of the world's largest Media conglomerates with ( SCEI) is a Japanese Video game company specializing in a variety of areas in the video game industry mostly in Video game consoles and is a full

These warnings ranged in severity from DualDiscs just not working with the equipment to actual damage to the disc and/or equipment. Meridian Audio, Ltd., on the other hand, issued a statement that "no harm or damage whatsoever" would be caused to the player or the disc if DualDiscs were used on their equipment, but noted that their players with DVD drives would not reliably play the CD layer. Boothroyd Stuart Meridian is a British manufacturer of high-performance High-fidelity audio and video components and systems

Legal controversy

There has been some controversy surrounding the DualDisc format, as Dieter Dierks, the inventor of the DVDplus specification, claims that DualDisc technology is in violation of his European patents. Dieter Dierks (born in Stommeln near Cologne) is a German Record producer and mostly known for his collaboration with the Rock band Scorpions The DVDplus is a dual-sided disc similar to the DualDisc. It is an Optical disc Storage technology that combines the technology of DVD and [19][20] This delayed the release of DualDisc titles in Europe, with them eventually hitting European shores in September 2005. The first British artist to announce a DualDisc release of his album was Sony/BMG recording artist Will Young. William Robert Young (born 20 January 1979. Young's second album Friday's Child, was released in December 2003

DualDisc releases

For a list of current and planned DualDisc releases, see List of DualDisc releases. Since its mass rollout some of 2004 and 2005 's most popular albums have been released on DualDisc in the hopes that the extra exposure will help the new technology

Test releases

Below is a list of the thirteen initial DualDisc titles released as part of the test marketing. Some of these DualDisc titles are now out of print.

See also

Notes

  1. ^  Alex Vegia, Music industry banks on DualDisc, Associated Press, August 26, 2004. 3 Doors Down is an American rock band formed in 1994 in by Brad Arnold ( Vocals and drums) Matt Roberts ( Guitar Away from the Sun is the second studio Album by 3 Doors Down, released on November 12, 2002. AC/DC are an Australian Hard rock band formed in Sydney, Australia in 1973 by brothers Angus and Malcolm Young. Back in Black is the 7th Studio album by Australian Hard rock band AC/DC, released on 25 July 1980 Audioslave was an American Hard rock supergroup that formed in Los Angeles California in 2001 Audioslave is the Eponymous debut album by Hard rock band Audioslave and was released in November 2002 (see 2002 in music) Barenaked Ladies (often abbreviated BNL or occasionally BnL) is a Juno -winning and Grammy -nominated Canadian Alternative Everything to Everyone (commonly abbreviated E2E is the eighth full-length album by Barenaked Ladies and their sixth studio album (not including Disc David Bowie (ˈboʊiː born David Robert Jones on 8 January 1947 is an English Musician, actor producer, and arranger. Reality is an album by the British singer-songwriter David Bowie, released in 2003 David Warren Brubeck (born December 6, 1920 in Concord California) better known as Dave Brubeck, is an American jazz pianist Time Out is a 1959 Album by The Dave Brubeck Quartet, based upon the use of Time signatures that were unusual for Jazz (mainly Donald Jay Fagen (born January 10, 1948 in Passaic New Jersey) is an American Musician and Songwriter. The Nightfly is the first solo Album by Steely Dan co-founder Donald Fagen, released in 1982. The Donnas are an American all-female rock band from Palo Alto California. Gold Medal is an Album by American band The Donnas, released in 2004 (see 2004 in music) Good Charlotte is an American rock band from Waldorf Maryland that formed in 1996 The Young and the Hopeless is the second studio Album by Good Charlotte, released on October 1, 2002. Linkin Park is an American rock band from Agoura Hills, California. Reanimation is a Remix album recorded by the American Nu metal band Linkin Park, released after their first studio album POD, initials standing for Payable On Death, is a rock band from San Diego California. Payable on Death is the fifth studio album and third major label release by Californian Alternative metal quartet P REM is an American rock band formed in Athens, Georgia, in 1980 by Michael Stipe ( lead vocals) Peter Buck ( Guitar Automatic for the People is the eighth album by the American Alternative rock band R Andrew WK (born Andrew Fetterly Wilkes-Krier) ( May 9, 1979) is a Rock musician from the United States. The Wolf is the second major-label album by Hard rock solo artist Andrew W Simple Plan is a French Canadian Pop punk band based in Montreal, Quebec. Still Not Getting Any is the second Album by Simple Plan. It was released on October 26, 2004. The DVDplus is a dual-sided disc similar to the DualDisc. It is an Optical disc Storage technology that combines the technology of DVD and Total Hi Def Disc, also called Total HD or THD, was a planned Optical disc format that included both of the rival High-definition optical disc formats The Associated Press ( AP) is an American News agency. The AP is a Cooperative owned by its contributing Newspapers radio Events 1071 - Battle of Manzikert: The Seljuk Turks defeat the Byzantine Army at Manzikert. "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again "
  2. ^  DualDisc Guide, accessed August 13, 2005. Events 3114 BC - According to the Lounsbury correlation the start of the Maya calendar. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.
  3. ^  DualDiscs Getting Popular, The Online Reporter Issue 446, May 28, 2005. Events 585 BC - A Solar eclipse occurs as predicted by Greek philosopher and scientist Thales, while Alyattes is battling Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.
  4. ^  DualDisc Artists Holding Top Spots, billboardpostplay. com, May 19, 2005
  5. ^  Joshua O'Connell, New DualDisc Format Ups the Ante Against Music Piracy, The Fairfield Mirror, March 17, 2005. Events 1535 - French explorer Jacques Cartier sets sail on his second voyage to North America with three ships 110 men and Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 45 BC - In his last victory Julius Caesar defeats the Pompeian forces of Titus Labienus and Pompey the Younger Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.
  6. ^  Anthony Breznican, DualDisc breaks sound barrier, USA Today, April 25, 2005. USA TODAY is a national American daily Newspaper published by the Gannett Company. Events 1607 - Eighty Years' War: The Dutch fleet destroys the anchored Spanish fleet at Gibraltar. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.
  7. ^  DualDisc: CD and DVD on One Disc, accessed August 13, 2005. Events 3114 BC - According to the Lounsbury correlation the start of the Maya calendar. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.
  8. ^  Sony Corporation and Royal Philips Electronics, Super Audio CD - A Technical Overview, 2001, p7 bottom-left diagram. is a multinational conglomerate corporation headquartered in Minato Tokyo, Japan, and one of the world's largest Media conglomerates with Koninklijke Philips Electronics NV ( Royal Philips Electronics Inc. Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar.
  9. ^  Super Audio CD, Digital Audio Industrial Supply, 2004. "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again "
  10. ^  75% of US households have a DVD player, ZDNet Research, April 6, 2005. Events 46 BC - Julius Caesar defeats Caecilius Metellus Scipio and Marcus Porcius Cato in the Battle of Thapsus Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.
  11. ^  Statement Regarding the "DualDisc" Format, Lexicon, December 23, 2004. Events 962 - Byzantine-Arab Wars: Under the future Emperor Nicephorus Phocas, Byzantine troops stormed the city "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again "
  12. ^  Important Notice About Dual Disc, Marantz, April 5, 2005. Events 456 - St Patrick returns to Ireland as a missionary bishop Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.
  13. ^  Statement Regarding the "DualDisc" Format, Mark Levinson Madrigal Audo Laboratories, December 23, 2004. Events 962 - Byzantine-Arab Wars: Under the future Emperor Nicephorus Phocas, Byzantine troops stormed the city "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again "
  14. ^  Onkyo "DualDisc" Question, Onkyo, accessed August 13, 2005. Events 3114 BC - According to the Lounsbury correlation the start of the Maya calendar. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.
  15. ^  DualDisk, Panasonic, accessed August 13, 2005. Events 3114 BC - According to the Lounsbury correlation the start of the Maya calendar. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.
  16. ^  Important Notice About "DualDisc" To Prevent Product Damage, Pioneer Electronics, accessed August 13, 2005. Events 3114 BC - According to the Lounsbury correlation the start of the Maya calendar. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.
  17. ^  Consumer Alerts - DualDisc, Sony Computer Entertainment America, March 31, 2005. ( SCEI) is a Japanese Video game company specializing in a variety of areas in the video game industry mostly in Video game consoles and is a full Events 307 - After divorcing his wife Minervina, Constantine marries Fausta, the daughter of the retired Roman Emperor Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.
  18. ^  Brian Moura, Sony Electronics Issues Warning About Dual Disc Compatibility With Sony Disc Players, High Fidelity Review, November 4, 2004. Events 1333 - Flood of the Arno River, causing massive damage in Florence as recorded by the Florentine chronicler Giovanni Villani "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again "
  19. ^  Stuart M. Robinson, DualDisc The Hybrid CD/DVD Disc - The DVD Plus Saga... (Part Two), High Fidelity Review, November 2, 2004. Events 1570 - A Tidal wave in the North Sea devastates the coast from Holland to Jutland, killing more than 1000 "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again "
  20. ^  Dieter Dierks patent search from the European Patent Organisation

References

External links

Events 1276 - While taking exile in Fuzhou in southern China, away from the advancing Mongol invaders, the remnants of the "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again "
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