Part of a series on Buddhism
History
Timeline· Buddhist councils
Foundations
Four Noble Truths Noble Eightfold Path Buddhist Precepts Nirvana · Three Jewels
Key Concepts
Three marks of existence Skandha · Cosmology Samsara · Rebirth · Dharma Dependent Origination · Karma
Major Figures
Gautama Buddha Disciples · Later Buddhists
Practices and Attainment
Buddhahood · Bodhisattva Four Stages of Enlightenment Paramitas · Meditation · Laity
Countries/Regions
Bhutan · Cambodia · China India · Indonesia · Japan Korea · Laos · Malaysia Mongolia · Myanmar · Nepal Russia· Singapore · Sri Lanka Thailand · Tibet · Vietnam Western countries
Branches
Theravāda · Mahāyāna Vajrayāna Early and Pre-sectarian
Texts
Pali Canon · Mahayana Sutras Tibetan Canon
Comparative Studies Culture · List of topics Portal: Buddhism
This box: view • talk • edit

The Drukpa^[1] (Tib. Buddhism is a family of beliefs and practices The History of Buddhism spans the 6th century BCE to the present starting with the birth of the Buddha Siddhartha Gautama. Foundation to the Common Era Some sources give the date of the Buddha's birth as 563 BCE and others as 624 BCE Theravada Buddhist countries tend to use the latter figure Lists and numbering of Buddhist councils vary between and even within schools Several Buddhist terms and concepts lack direct translations into English that cover the breadth of the original term Background Why the Buddha is said to have taught in this way is illuminated by the social context of the time in which he lived In sramanic philosophy Nirvana (निर्वाण| Nirvāṇa; निब्बान Nibbāna; Prakrit: णिव्वाण The Three Jewels, also called the Three Treasures, the Three Refuges, or the Triple Gem, are the three things that Buddhists take refuge Several Buddhist terms and concepts lack direct translations into English that cover the breadth of the original term According to the Buddhist tradition all phenomena other than Nirvana, ( sankhara) are marked by three characteristics sometimes referred to as the Dharma seals In Buddhist phenomenology and Soteriology, the five skandhas ( Sanskrit) or khandhas ( Pāli) are five "aggregates" Buddhist cosmology is the description of the shape and evolution of the universe according to the canonical Buddhist scriptures and commentaries Rebirth in Buddhism is the doctrine that the consciousness of a person (as conventionally regarded upon the death or dissolution of the aggregates ( Skandhas Dhamma ( Pāli: धम्म or Dharma (धर्म in Buddhism has two primary meanings the teachings of the Buddha which lead to enlightenment The doctrine of pratītyasamutpāda (Sanskrit paticcasamuppāda; rten Karma ( Sanskrit: कर्मन karman, Pāli: कमा Kamma) means "action" or "doing" whatever A number of noted individuals have been Buddhists. Historical Buddhist thinkers and founders of schools Individuals are grouped by nationality except in cases where the Siddhārtha Gautama ( Sanskrit; Pali: Siddhattha Gotama) was a spiritual Teacher from Ancient India and the founder A number of noted individuals have been Buddhists. Historical Buddhist thinkers and founders of schools Individuals are grouped by nationality except in cases where the In Buddhism, buddhahood ( Sanskrit: buddhatva. Pali: buddhatta. In the Buddhist context a bodhisattva (बोधिसत्त्व bodhisattva;; Vietnamese Bồ Tát; बोधिसत्त bodhisatta The four stages of Enlightenment in Buddhism are the four degrees of approach to full enlightenment as an Arahant which a person can attain in this life Theravada Buddhism Theravada Buddhism 's teachings on the paramitas can be found in late canonical books and post-canonical commentaries Buddhist meditation encompasses a variety of Meditation techniques that develop Mindfulness, concentration, tranquility and insight In English translations of Buddhist literature, householder denotes a variety of terms Obtaining exact numbers of practicing Buddhists can be difficult and may be reliant on the definition used Buddhist beliefs and practices vary according to region There are distinctions between and within the Buddhism practised in various regions including In South Asia Mahayana Buddhism is the State religion of Bhutan, and Buddhists comprise 98% of its population. History See also History of Buddhism in Cambodia Unconfirmed Singhalese sources assert that missionaries of King Asohka introduced Buddhism into Chinese Buddhism ( Pinyin fójiào refers collectively to the various schools of Buddhism that have flourished in China proper since ancient times Buddhism is a world religion which arose in Bihar, India and is based on the teachings of Siddhartha Gautama, who is known as the Buddha (literally Among the five official religions of Indonesia, according to the state ideology of Pancasila According to Suharto, Buddhism and Hinduism were Indonesia's classical The history of Buddhism in Japan can be roughly divided into three periods namely the Nara period (up to 784 the Heian period (794–1185 and the post-Heian period Korean Buddhism is distinguished from other forms of Buddhism by its attempt to resolve what it sees as inconsistencies in Mahayana Buddhism Buddhism is the primary religion of Laos. The Buddhism practiced in Laos is of the Theravada tradition Buddhism is the second largest religion in Malaysia after Islam, with 19 Buddhism in Mongolia is essentially Tibetan Buddhism of the Gelugpa school History The history of Buddhism in Burmaextends nearly a millennium Buddha was born in Shakya kingdom which lies in Rupandehi district Lumbini zone of Nepal Historically Buddhism was incorporated into Russian lands as early as the late 16th century, when Russian explorers travelled to and settled in As of 2000 425% of the Singaporeans register themselves as Buddhist by religion General Buddhism in Sri Lanka is primarily of the Theravada school and constitutes the religious faith of about 70% of the populationAccording to traditional Buddhism in Thailand is largely of the Theravada school Nearly 95% of Thailand 's population is Buddhist of the Theravada school though Buddhism Tibetan Buddhism is the body of Buddhist religious doctrine and institutions characteristic of Tibet and certain regions of the Himalayas, including Buddhism came to Vietnam in the first century CE By the end of the second century Vietnam developed a major Buddhist centre in the region commonly known as the Luy Lâu Buddhism in the West broadly encompasses the knowledge and practice of Buddhism outside of Asia. The Schools of Buddhism. Buddhism is classified in various ways History Origin of the school The Theravāda school is ultimately derived from the Vibhajjavāda (or 'doctrine of analysis' grouping which was a continuation Mahayana ( Sanskrit: mahāyāna, Devanagari: महायान 'Great Vehicle' is one of the two main existing schools of Buddhism and a term for Vajrayana Buddhism is also known as Tantric Buddhism, Tantrayāna, Mantrayana, Mantranaya, Secret Mantra, Esoteric Buddhism and The Early Buddhist schools are those schools into which according to most scholars the Buddhist monastic Sangha initially split due originally to differences in The term pre-sectarian Buddhism is used by some scholars to refer to the Buddhism that existed before the various subsects of Buddhism came into being Buddhist texts can be categorized in a number of ways The Western terms "scripture" and "canonical" are applied to Buddhism in inconsistent ways by Western scholars Historicity and Background Place in the Canon Various Mahayana Sutras have been included in the Tibetan Canon and the Chinese Canon. The Tibetan Buddhist canon is a loosely defined list of Sacred texts recognized by various sects of Tibetan Buddhism. The cultural elements of Buddhism vary by region and include Buddhist Festivals and Observances Vesak The following is a List of Buddhist topics: A Abhidharma Aggañña Sutta Ahimsa Tibetan refers to a group of languages spoken primarily by Tibetan peoples who live across a wide area of eastern Central Asia bordering South Asia as well as by overseas druk "dragon", pa "person", implicitly, "school") — also Drukpa Kagyu^[2][3] or Drukpa Kargyud — is a major sect of the Kagyu school of Buddhism. The Kagyu or Kagyupa school also known as the " Oral Lineage " or Whispered Transmission school is one of four main schools of Himalayan ^[4][5] As such it is considered a Sarma or new school of Tibetan Buddhism. Tibetan Buddhism is the body of Buddhist religious doctrine and institutions characteristic of Tibet and certain regions of the Himalayas, including Within the Drukpa Lineage, there are further sub-schools, most notably the eastern Kham tradition. In Bhutan the Drukpa lineage is the dominant school and state religion. The Kingdom of Bhutan (buːˈtɑːn is a Landlocked nation in South Asia.

Contents 1 History 1.1 Name 1.2 Branches of the Drukpa Lineage 2 Organisation 3 Monasteries 4 References 5 External links

History

The Drukpa school was founded in western Tibet by Drogon Tsangpa Gyare (1161-1211), a student of Lingchen Repa who mastered the Tantric Buddhism practices of the mahamudra and six yogas of Naropa at an early age. Definitions of Tibet See also Definitions of Tibet Name In English The English word Tibet, like the word for Tibet in most European Vajrayana Buddhism is also known as Tantric Buddhism, Tantrayāna, Mantrayana, Mantranaya, Secret Mantra, Esoteric Buddhism and Mahamudra (Sanskrit Mahāmudrā, Tibetan Chagchen, Wylie phyag chen, contraction of Chagya Chenpo, Wylie phyag rgya chen po) literally means The Six Yogas of Nāropa or Naro Choe Druk ( Tib na-ro'i-chos-drug) also called Naro's Six Doctrines or the Six Dharmas of Naropa As a terton, or finder of spiritual relics, he discovered the text of the Six Equal Tastes, previously hidden by Rechungpa, the student of Milarepa. Terma are key Tibetan Buddhist and Bön teachings originally Esoterically secreted hidden by various adepts such as Padmasambhava and his Rechung Dorje Drakpa ( Wylie: Ras-chung Rdo-rje Grags-pa, known as Rechungpa, was one of the two most important students of the 11th century Kagyu Jetsun Milarepa ( (c 1052-c 1135 CE) is generally considered one of Tibet 's most famous Yogis and poets a student of Marpa Lotsawa, and While on a pilgrimage Tsangpa Gyare and his disciples witnessed a set of nine dragons roaring out of the earth and into the skies, as flowers rained down everywhere. The dragon is a Legendary creature of which some interpretation or depiction appears in almost every culture worldwide From this incident they named their sect Drukpa.

Also important to the lineage was Ling Repa, the root guru of Tsangpa Gyare, Phagmo Drupa (another of Gampopa's disciples) and Dampa Sumpa, one of Rechungpa's main disciples.

Dagpo Kagyu lineages are traditionally divided into the "Four Great and Eight Lesser. "^[6][7] The adjectives in this case are not value judgements on the accomplishment or prominence of the sub-schools, but rather indicators of the generation in which they were founded. ^[8] The Drukpa Lineage is considered by some as one of the "lesser" schools, as it was founded by a grand-disciple of Gampopa rather than a direct disciple, although widely the Drukpas do not employ this formulation. Gampopa ( (1079-1153 "the man from Gampo" — who was equally well known in Tibet as Sonam Rinchen ( Dagpo Lhaje ( ("the Physician from Dagpo"

A prominent disciple of Tsanga Gyare's nephew, Onre Darma Sengye, was Phajo Drugom Shigpo (1208-1276) who went on to convert the valleys of western Bhutan to Drukpa Lineage in 1222. The Kingdom of Bhutan (buːˈtɑːn is a Landlocked nation in South Asia.

Name

In the Drukpa school, the word "Kagyu," which means "lineage of instructions" and is normally rendered bKa'brgyud when transliterated with the Wylie system, is generally rendered dKar-brgyud. In this usage it has the meaning "the white lineage," refering to the white cotton robes of founding yogins such as Milarepa and Rechungpa. ^[9] In March of 2008, the spiritual head of the Drukpa Lineage, H. H. Gyalwang Drukpa, declared his preference that:

“

. . The lineage spiritual lineage be known throughout the world firmly and clearly as "Dongyu Palden Drukpa", meaning the Spiritual Lineage of the Glorious Dragons or simply the "Drukpa Lineage". I hope and pray that as holders of the Dragon Order, all of my colleagues would be mindful of their activities and their efforts. They have to know and be clear about which household they belong to, and surely they need to be aware of others' ulterior intention.

”

He goes on to note that the "different lineages within a major Tibetan Buddhist branch are like brothers, of course some brothers do better than others, but that doesn't mean that those doing better could self-appoint themselves as the heads of other weaker brothers' households and take over their assets, wives and children, in the name of 'helping' and in the name of 'supporting'," and for that reason it is better that dKar-brgyud not be used any longer. ^[10]

Branches of the Drukpa Lineage

The outstanding disciples of Tsangpa Gyare Yeshi Dorje (1161-1211), the first Gyalwang Drukpa, may be divided into two categories: blood relatives and spiritual sons. His nephew, Onre Darma Sengye (1177-1237), ascended the throne at Ralung, the main seat of the Drukpa lineage. Darma Sengye guided the later disciples of Tsangpa Gyare, such as Gotsangpa Gonpo Dorje (1189-1258), onto the path of realization, thus becoming their guru as well. Darma Sengye's nephew and their descendants held the seat at Ralung and continued the lineage.

Gyalwa Lorepa, Gyalwa Gotsangpa and Gyalwa Yang Gonpa, a disciple of Gyalwa Gotsangpa, are known as Gyalwa Namsum or the Three Victorious Ones in recognition of their spiritual realization. The followers of Gyalwa Lorepa came to be called the 'Lower Drukpas'. The followers of Gyalwa Gotsangpa came to be called the 'Upper Drukpas'. And the followers of Onre Darma Sengye came to be called the 'Middle Drukpas'.

After the death of 4th Gyalwang Drukpa Pema Karpo in 1592, there were two rival candidates for his reincarnation. The Gyalwang Drukpa or Drukchen ("Druk" means "Dragon" and "Chen" means "Chenpo" or "Great" in Tibetan an unofficial address Pagsam Wangpo, one of the candidates, was favored by the King of Tsang and prevailed. His rival, Shabdrung Ngawang Namgyal, fled to Bhutan, where he unified the country and established Drukpa as the preeminent Buddhist school from Haa all the way to Trongsa. Shabdrung (also Zhabdrung;) which literaly means "before the feet of" was a title used when refering to or addressing great lamas in Tibet particularly those who This page is about the area Haa For information about the airships please see High-altitude airship. Trongsa, previously Tongsa, is located in Trongsa District, Bhutan. The Drukpa Lineage was divided from that time on into the Northern Drukpa (Chang Druk, Wylie: Byang-'Brug)^[11] branch in Tibet headed by the Gyalwang Drukpa and the Southern Drukpa (Lho Druk, Wylie: lHo-'brug)^[12] based in Bhutan and headed by the Shabdrung incarnations. The Wylie transliteration scheme is a method for transliterating the Tibetan script using the keys on a typical English language Typewriter. The Gyalwang Drukpa or Drukchen ("Druk" means "Dragon" and "Chen" means "Chenpo" or "Great" in Tibetan an unofficial address The Wylie transliteration scheme is a method for transliterating the Tibetan script using the keys on a typical English language Typewriter. ^[13] Nonetheless, the 4th Gyalwang Drukpa Pema Karpo left a prediction that he would return with two reincarnations. The Gyalwang Drukpa or Drukchen ("Druk" means "Dragon" and "Chen" means "Chenpo" or "Great" in Tibetan an unofficial address His other reincarnation, Pagsam Wangpo, continued the lineage in Tibet.

Organisation

The Lho Drukpa (Southern Drukpa) are led by the King of Bhutan and Je Khenpo (a title of office, not a tulku lineage), who is the chief abbot of the Central Monk Body. Bhutan was founded and unified as a country by Shabdrung Ngawang Namgyal in the mid-1600s The Je Khenpo ( formerly called the Dharma Raj by orientalists is the title given to the senior religious hierarch of Bhutan. A tulku ( also tülku, trulku) is a Tibetan Buddhist Lama who has through Phowa and Siddhi, consciously Both are lineage holders of the Drukpa school. The Shabdrung Rinpoche was the traditional titular head, but his position was usurped over the centuries until he finally fled to India in 1962.

The Chang Drukpa (Nothern Drukpa) are led by Jigme Pema Wangchen, the 12th incarnation of the Gyalwang Drukpa. The Gyalwang Drukpa or Drukchen ("Druk" means "Dragon" and "Chen" means "Chenpo" or "Great" in Tibetan an unofficial address In Kham, Khamtrul Rinpoche traditionally has been the most prominent Drukpa Lineage lama, although he too is subordinate to the Gyalwang Drukpa. The Khamtrul lineage is part of the Dongyud Palden Drukpa tradition of Tibetan Buddhism. The Chang Drukpa in particular has now established centers across the world.

Monasteries

Important monasteries of the Drukpa order include:

• Ralung Monastery in central Tibet just north of Bhutan
• Druk Sangag Choeling Monastery
• Hemis Monastery
• Thimphu Dzong, which houses the Central Monk Body in summer
• Punakha Dzong, the winter home of the Central Monk Body
• Namdruk Monastery

References

External links

• Drukpa facts and a biography of H.H. the Twelfth Gyalwang Drukpa
• The award-winning Druk White Lotus School in Ladakh
• Drukpa Publications
• Namdruk Institute
• Nangchen
• H.E. the Ninth Khamtrul Rinpoche Shedrup Nyima b. 1980
• H.E. the Ninth Khamtrul Rinpoche Jigme Pema Nyinjadh b.1981
• The European Centres of Gyalwang Drukpa
• Drukpa Trust
• ADC Annual Drukpa Council

© 2009 citizendia.org; parts available under the terms of GNU Free Documentation License, from http://en.wikipedia.org
Dapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic