Clothing is an aspect of human physical appearance, and like other aspects of human physical appearance it has social significance. Emir Mohammed Alim Khan ( January 3 1880 &ndash April 28 1944) was the last Emir of the Manghit Dynasty, A robe is a loose-fitting outer garment. A robe is distinguished from a Cape or Cloak by the fact that it usually has Sleeves The English Clothing (also called clothes, accoutrements, accouterments, or habiliments) protects the Human body from extreme Weather Variations in the physical appearance of humans, known as human looks, are believed by Anthropologists to be an important factor in the development of personality and All societies have dress codes, most of which are unwritten but understood by most members of the society. The dress code has built in rules or signals indicating the message being given by a person's clothing and how it is worn. This message may include indications of the person's social class, income, occupation, ethnic and religious affiliation, attitude, marital status, sexual availability and sexual orientation. Social class refers to the hierarchical distinctions (or stratification) between individuals or groups in Societies or Cultures. Income, refers to consumption opportunity gained by an entity within a specified time frame which is generally expressed in monetary terms Attitude is a hypothetical construct that represents an individual's like or dislike for an item Clothes convey other social messages including the stating or claiming personal or cultural identity, the establishing, maintaining, or defying social group norms, and appreciating comfort and functionality. Cultural identity is the (feeling of identity of a group or Culture, or of an Individual as far as he or she is influenced by her belonging to a group In Sociology, a group can be defined as two or more Humans that interact with one another accept expectations and obligations as members of the group and share a Social norms have been defined as "the rules that a group uses for appropriate and inappropriate values beliefs attitudes and behaviors

For example, wearing expensive clothes can communicate wealth, the image of wealth, or cheaper access to quality clothing. Wealth derives from the old English word "weal" which means "well-being An image (from Latin imago) or picture is an artifact usually two-dimensional that has a similar appearance to some subject &mdashusually An outlet store or factory outlet or "Best Saving Outlet" is a retail store in which Manufacturers sell their stock directly to the public All factors apply inversely to the wearing of inexpensive clothing and similar goods. The observer sees the resultant, expensive clothes, but may incorrectly perceive the extent to which these factors apply to the person observed. (cf. conspicuous consumption). Conspicuous consumption is a term used to describe the lavish spending on goods and services acquired mainly for the purpose of displaying Income or Wealth. Clothing can convey a social message, even if none is intended.

If the receiver's code of interpretation differs from the sender's code of communication, misinterpretation follows. In every culture, current fashion governs the manner of consciously constructing, assembling, and wearing clothing to convey a social message. Fashion refers to styles of dress (but can also include cuisine literature art architecture and general comportment that are popular in a culture at any given time The rate of change of fashion varies, and so modifies the style in wearing clothes and its accessories within months or days, especially in small social groups or in communications media-influenced modern societies. More extensive changes, requiring more time, money, and effort to effect, may span generations. When fashion changes, the messages communicated by clothing change.

Contents 1 History 1.1 Europe 1.2 The Americas 2 Signifier 2.1 Gender 2.2 Social status 2.3 Occupation 2.4 Ethnic and political affiliation 2.5 Religious affiliation 2.6 Marital status 2.7 Sexual display 2.8 Sexual orientation 3 Laws and social norms 4 Private dress codes 5 Work place 5.1 Business casual 6 Inverse dress codes 7 Violation of clothing taboos 8 Reversalism in the sociology of clothing 9 Messages of Clothing 10 See also 11 References 12 External links 12.1 tags

History

Europe

See also: Sumptuary laws

In the Middle Ages the European nobility used a dress code to differentiate themselves from the other classes. Sumptuary laws (from Latin sumptuariae leges) are Laws which attempt to regulate habits of consumption

The Americas

The indigenous peoples of the Pacific Northwest Coast had a complex social structure, including slaves, commoners, and nobles, and dress codes to indicate these social distinctions. The Indigenous peoples of the Pacific Northwest Coast are the Pre-Columbian inhabitants of the Pacific Northwest Coast, their descendants and many Ethnic groups John R. Jewitt, an Englishman who wrote a memoir about his years as a captive of the Nootka people in 1802-1805, describes how, after some time living there, Maquina and the chiefs decided that he must now be "considered one of them, and conform to their customs". John Rodgers Jewitt (born on 21 May, 1783 in Boston, England) was an armourer who entered the historical record with his Memoirs Yank tank or máquina are the words used to describe the many Classic cars present in Cuba. Jewitt resented the imposition of this dress code, finding the loose untailored garments very cold, and attributed to them a subsequent illness of which he almost died. He was not allowed to cut his hair, and had to paint his face and body as a Nootka would. ^[1]

Signifier

Gender

Various traditions suggests that certain items of clothing intrinsically suit different gender roles. A gender role is defined as a set of perceived behavioural norms associated particularly with Males or Females in a given social group or system In particular, the wearing of skirts and trousers has given rise to common phrases expressing implied restrictions in use and disapproval of offending behaviour. A skirt is a tube- or cone-shaped Garment that hangs from the Waist and covers all or part of the Legs In European culture, skirts are usually Trousers are an item of Clothing worn on the lower part of the body from the waist to the ankles covering both legs separately (rather than with cloth stretching across For example, ancient Greeks often considered the wearing of trousers by Persian men as a sign of effeminacy. The Persian Empire was a series of Iranian empires that ruled over the Iranian plateau, the original Persian homeland and beyond in Western Asia Effeminacy is a trait in males that generally contradicts traditional male ( masculine) Gender roles It is a derogatory term frequently applied to Femininity

See also: Cross-dressing

Social status

In many societies, people of high rank reserve special items of clothing or decoration for themselves as symbols of their social status. Cross-dressing is the act of wearing clothing commonly associated with another gender within a particular Society. In Sociology or Anthropology, social status is the honor or prestige attached to one's position in Society (one's Social position) In ancient times, only Roman senators could wear garments dyed with Tyrian purple; only high-ranking Hawaiian chiefs could wear feather cloaks and palaoa or carved whale teeth. Ancient Rome was a Civilization that grew out of a small agricultural community founded on the Italian Peninsula as early as the 10th century BC The Feather Cloak was made in the early 2nd century BC. It was a garment of great price and value to the Romans because it was thought to grant special powers In China before the establishment of the republic, only the emperor could wear yellow. China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National REPUBLIC OF CHINA ARTICLE GUIDELINES In many cases throughout history, there have been elaborate systems of sumptuary laws regulating who could wear what. Sumptuary laws (from Latin sumptuariae leges) are Laws which attempt to regulate habits of consumption In other societies (including most modern societies), no laws prohibit lower-status people from wearing high-status garments, but the high cost of status garments effectively limits purchase and display. In current Western society, only the rich can afford haute couture. Haute couture ( French for "high sewing" or "high dressmaking" oːt kuˈtyʁ refers to the creation of exclusive custom-fitted fashions The threat of social ostracism may also limit garment choice. Social death is a term used to describe the condition of people not accepted as fully human by wider society

Occupation

Military, police, and firefighters usually wear uniforms, as do workers in many industries. A uniform is a set of standard Clothing worn by members of an organization while participating in that organization's activity School children often wear school uniforms, while college and university students sometimes wear academic dress. School uniforms are common in primary and Secondary schools in many nations Academic dress or academical dress is traditional Clothing for academic settings primarily tertiary and sometimes secondary Members of religious orders may wear uniforms known as habits. A religious habit is a distinctive set of garments worn by members of a Religious order. Sometimes a single item of clothing or a single accessory can declare one's occupation or rank within a profession — for example, the high toque or chef's hat worn by a chief cook. A toque (toʊk is a type of Hat with a narrow brim or no brim at all The traditional chef's uniform, including toque (traditional hat white double breasted jacket and checked pants are instantly recognized by most members of the Western world

See also undercover. Being undercover is disguising one's own identity or using an assumed identity for the purposes of gaining the trust of an individual or organization to learn secret information

Ethnic and political affiliation

In many regions of the world, national costumes and styles in clothing and ornament declare membership in a certain village, caste, religion, etc. National costume, also known as national dress, regional costume or folk dress, expresses an identity through Costume which usually A Scotsman declares his clan with his tartan. Tartan is a pattern consisting of criss-crossed horizontal and vertical bands in multiple colours A French peasant woman identified her village with her cap or coif. A coif (ˈkɔɪf is a close fitting cap that covers the top back and sides of the head worn by all classes in England and Scotland from the

Clothes can also proclaim dissent from cultural norms and mainstream beliefs, as well as personal independence. In 19th-century Europe, artists and writers lived la vie de Bohème and dressed to shock: George Sand in men's clothing, female emancipationists in bloomers, male artists in velvet waistcoats and gaudy neckcloths. The 19th century of the Common Era began on January 1, 1801 and ended on December 31, 1900, according to the Gregorian calendar The term bohemian, of French origin was first used in the English language in the nineteenth century to describe the untraditional lifestyles of marginalized and impoverished Artists Amandine Aurore Lucile Dupin, later Baroness (French baronne) Dudevant ( July 1, 1804 &ndash June 8, 1876 Bloomers is a word which has been applied to several types of divided women's garments for the lower body at various times A waistcoat (sometimes called a wescot, Vest or a vestee in Canada and the US) is a sleeveless upper-body Garment Bohemians, beatniks, hippies, Goths, Punks and Skinheads have continued the (countercultural) tradition in the 20th-century West. The term bohemian, of French origin was first used in the English language in the nineteenth century to describe the untraditional lifestyles of marginalized and impoverished Artists The Hippie Subculture was originally a Youth movement that began in the United States during the early 1960s and spread around the world The goth subculture is a contemporary Subculture found in many countries The punk subculture is based around Punk rock. It emerged from the larger Rock music scene in the mid-to-late-1970s in the United Kingdom, the United A skinhead is a member of a Subculture that originated among Working class youths in the United Kingdom in the 1960s and then spread to other parts of Counterculture (also " counter-culture " is a sociological term used to describe the values and norms of behavior of a Cultural group, or The twentieth century of the Common Era began on Western culture (sometimes equated with Western Civilization) are terms which are used to refer to Cultures of European origin Now that haute couture plagiarizes street fashion within a year or so, street fashion may have lost some of its power to shock, but it still motivates millions trying to look hip and cool. Haute couture ( French for "high sewing" or "high dressmaking" oːt kuˈtyʁ refers to the creation of exclusive custom-fitted fashions Street fashion is a term used to describe Fashion that is considered to have emerged not from studios but from the grassroots Hip is a Slang term meaning fashionably current and in the know. Cool is an Aesthetic of attitude behavior comportment appearance style and Zeitgeist.

Religious affiliation

A Sikh may display his religious affiliation by wearing a turban and other traditional clothing. Sikh (English or; ਸਿੱਖ sikkh, IPA) is the title and name given to an adherent of Sikhism. The turban (from Persian fa دلبند or دولبند dulband via the Turkish tr tülbent) is a headdress consisting of a long Many Muslim women wear head or body covering (see Sartorial hijab, hijab, burqa or bourqa, chador and abaya) that proclaims their status as respectable women. This list of types of sartorial Hijab indexes styles of clothing found in predominantly Muslim societies commonly associated with the word hijab. Islam and clothing Hijab or ħijāb ( ar حجاب, pronounced) is the Arabic term for "cover" (noun based on the root حجب meaning "to A burqa (also Transliterated burkha, burka or burqua) is an enveloping outer garment worn by women in some Islamic traditions for the A chador or chadar ( Persian چادر‎) from Sanskrit chattram) is an outer Garment or open Cloak worn by The abaya ( Arabic عباءة plural abayat عباءات is an Overgarment worn by some women in parts of the Islamic world. A Jewish man may indicate his observance of Judaism by wearing a yarmulke. PLEASE TAKE NOTE************ Judaism (from the Greek Ioudaïsmos, derived from the Hebrew יהודה Yehudah, " Judah " in Hebrew יַהֲדוּת Yahedut "Kipa" redirects here For the supermarket please see Kipa (supermarket.

Marital status

See also: Visual markers of marital status

Traditionally, Hindu women wear sindoor, a red powder, in the parting of their hair to indicate their married status; if widowed, they abandon sindoor and jewelry and wear simple white clothing. Humans use Clothing, Hairstyle, accessories Jewelry, Tattoos and other bodily adornments as indicators of Social and marital Status A Hindu ( Devanagari: हिन्दू is an adherent of the philosophies and scriptures of Hinduism, a set of religious, Philosophical Sindoor is a red powder which is applied as a full line along the dividing part of a married woman’s hair or as a dot on the forehead However this is not true of all Hindu women; in the modern world this is not a norm and women without sindoor may not necessarily be unmarried.

Men and women of the Western world may wear wedding rings to indicate their marital status. A wedding ring or wedding band consists of a Metal ring, often set with diamonds or other precious stones

Sexual display

Modern western culture recognizes cues such as (in women) extreme stiletto heels, close-fitting and body-revealing black or red clothing, exaggerated make-up, flashy jewelry and perfume, as sexual display outside daytime social norms for dressing, being too sexual. A stiletto heel ( AmE: spike heel) is a long thin heel found on some Boots and Shoes usually for women In parallel, a man wearing a tightly-cut shirt, unbuttoned to his sternum, or tight trousers, would be recognized as dressing too sexually for day wear.

Sexual display has its place in culture, however. In some cases, differences across gender in interpretation of sexual display can give rise to victimization of the subordinate gender. In modern American culture, sexual display among college women, for example, is part of a complex social climate wherein females compete for male attention, while males vie for sex with females. This contradiction in intent - women intending to attract attention and men intending to have sex - is one of the many factors (along with gender socialization, campus policies, and other issues) which give rise to acquaintance rape or "party rape" (. ^[2])

The apparent contradiction in behavior and intent exists elsewhere. For example, a Saudi Arabian woman may wear an abaya to proclaim her respectability, but choose an abaya of luxurious material cut close to the body and then accessorize with high heels and a fashionable purse. The abaya ( Arabic عباءة plural abayat عباءات is an Overgarment worn by some women in parts of the Islamic world. All the details proclaim sexual desirability, despite the ostensible message of respectability.

Some research has indicated that women's clothing choices are influenced by menstrual phase. Among normally cycling women (i. e. , those not on hormonal contraception and with intact uterus and ovaries), revealing clothes are more common at the periovulatory phase of the cycle, while less revealing clothing is more common perimenstrually. (. ^[3]) Evolutionary psychologists have speculated that this may be related to signaling of fertility to males. Many biological mechanisms exist to disguise fertility and almost none exist to reveal it; therefore the selection of revealing clothing to display fertility runs counter to our biology.

Sexual orientation

Clothing can also be used as a public signal of sexual orientation. Sexual orientation is believed to refer to "an enduring pattern of emotional romantic and/or sexual attractions to men women or both sexes

Gay pride-themed clothing or decorations, including symbols such as the rainbow flag, or the logo of the Human Rights Campaign, are fairly obvious choices for someone wishing to indicate that they are not straight. LGBT pride or gay pride refers to a world wide movement and philosophy asserting that LGBT ( Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and The Rainbow flag or Pride flag of the LGBT community (also known as the gay pride flag) is a symbol of LGBT pride and LGBT social movements However, heterosexual gay rights supporters may also choose to display such symbols as a political statement, which leads to some possibility for ambiguity. Lesbian Gay Bisexual and Transgender social movements share related goals of social acceptance of Homosexuality, Bisexuality and Transgenderism Lesbian

T-shirts with printed slogans or icons have also become somewhat popular for use in casual social situations, and are offered for sale at many LGBT-oriented clothing stores. LGBT (also GLBT) is an initialism referring collectively to Lesbian, Gay, bisexual, and Transgender / transsexual They often include witty sexual innuendo, comical expressions of affection for people of a particular gender, or non-sexual use of gay slang.

Sometimes people make fashion choices for or against a particular look based on whether or not it "looks gay" (depending on what type of signal they wish to send). Stereotypically "gay" fashion choices include dressing against prevailing gender norms (for example, a trucker's hat for a lesbian, or a pink shirt for a gay man), and for gay men, looking "fashionable" or well-kept. A gender role is defined as a set of perceived behavioural norms associated particularly with Males or Females in a given social group or system A lesbian is a Woman who is romantically or sexually attracted only to other women In the English language, gay is an Adjective that in modern usage refers to Homosexuality. While some people do exploit these stereotypes, many people either ignore them in their fashion choices, intentionally avoid them, or are unaware of them. General erosion of traditional gender norms (see for example, metrosexual) and the ambiguity and changing standards of fashion contributes to the unreliability of determining a person's sexual orientation based on these stereotypes, and some people would consider it offensive to try. Metrosexual is a Neologism generally applied to heterosexual men with a strong concern for their appearance or whose lifestyles display attributes stereotypically seen among Fashion refers to styles of dress (but can also include cuisine literature art architecture and general comportment that are popular in a culture at any given time Members of some local LGBT communities do seem to try to differentiate themselves as a group, but the particulars vary by location, and can be difficult to detect (especially given integration with the surrounding culture).

Clothing can also be used to express interest in a particular sexual activity or role. One trend in the 2000s is a line of T-shirts that has iconic 1950-style depictions of the baseball positions pitcher and catcher, which are intended to correspond to the top and bottom sexual positions. A T-shirt (or tee shirt) is a Shirt which is pulled on over the head to cover most of a person's Torso. In Baseball, the pitcher is the player who throwsthe baseball from the Pitcher's mound toward the Catcher to begin each play with the goal of Catcher is also a general term for a fielder who catches the ball in Cricket. The terms top, bottom and switch are used by many people including Heterosexual and LGBT people BDSM practitioners and others in The terms top, bottom and switch are used by many people including Heterosexual and LGBT people BDSM practitioners and others in An older example is the handkerchief code used in the BDSM subculture. Handkerchief code or hanky code (also known as bandana code and flagging) is a way of indicating usually among Gay male Casual sex

Laws and social norms

Main article: Clothing laws by country

In Tonga it is illegal for men to appear in public without a shirt. Clothing laws vary considerably around the world Most clothing laws concern which parts of the body must not be exposed to view there are exceptions The Kingdom of Tonga is an Archipelago in the south Pacific Ocean comprising 169 islands 36 of them inhabited stretching over a distance of about 800 kilometres (500 miles A shirt is a cloth garment for the upper body Originally an item of underwear worn exclusively by men it has become in American English a catch-all term for

In New Guinea and Vanuatu there are areas where it is customary for the men to wear nothing but penis sheaths in public - this is uncommon in more developed areas. New Guinea, located just north of Australia, is the world's second largest island, having become separated from the Australian mainland when the area now known Vanuatu, officially the Republic of Vanuatu ( French: République de Vanuatu, Bislama: Ripablik blong Vanuatu) is an Island The koteka, horim, or Penis Sheath is a phallocrypt or phallocarp traditionally worn by native male inhabitants of Women wear string skirts. In remote areas of Bali, women may go topless. Bali is an Indonesian Island located at, the westernmost of the Lesser Sunda Islands, lying between Java to the west and Lombok to In India, Hindu contemporary daily dress like saris tend to often show bare stomachs in preference over bare legs. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country A Hindu ( Devanagari: हिन्दू is an adherent of the philosophies and scriptures of Hinduism, a set of religious, Philosophical

In the island of Bermuda there is a strict dress code, such that restaurants are designated with different dress-code levels such as "business casual" or "casual. Ba (officially The Bermuda Islands or The Somers Isles) is a British overseas territory in the North Atlantic Ocean. Business Casual is the first release by Omaha Nebraska band Beep Beep. " It is also illegal to not wear a shirt or shoes on any of the public places on the island with the exception of the beach. A shirt is a cloth garment for the upper body Originally an item of underwear worn exclusively by men it has become in American English a catch-all term for A shoe is an item of Footwear. Shoes may vary from a simple Flip-flop to a complex Boot.

Private dress codes

Dress codes may be enforced by private entities, usually imposing a particular requirement for entry into a private space. "Dress code" may also refer to a social norm.

• By religious law or tradition
• For employees, pupils/students, etc. - sometimes a uniform; sometimes depending on the day, see Casual Friday; see also International standard business attire
• For customers, e. A uniform is a set of standard Clothing worn by members of an organization while participating in that organization's activity Casual Friday (also known as Dress-down Friday, Bis-Cas-Fri, or simply Casual day) is an American and Canadian custom which has Informal is a Dress code, typified by a suit and Necktie. On the scale of formality informal attire is more formal than casual but less formal g. for a disco, nightclub, casino, shop or restaurant
• In special parties; sometimes a specific costume is requested
• Fetish clubs often require patrons to dress in fetish clothing
• As social rules in general

Dress codes function on certain social occasions and for certain jobs. Disco is a Genre of dance-oriented music whose origins are hard to define A nightclub (or "night club" or "club" is a drinking, dancing, and entertainment venue which does its primary business after dark A casino is in the modern sense of the word a facility that houses and accommodates certain types of Gambling activities A fetish club is a Nightclub, bar or other entertainment venue which caters to clientele interested in some of (but not necessarily all Fetish fashion, Fetish fashion is a type of clothing usually created to be extreme or provocative A school or a military institution may require specified uniforms; if it allows the wearing of plain clothes it may place restrictions on their use. A school (from Greek σχολεῖον - scholeion) is an Institution designed to allow and encourage Students (or "pupils" A military is an Organization authorized by its Nation to use force usually including use of Weapons in defending its Country (or by attacking A uniform is a set of standard Clothing worn by members of an organization while participating in that organization's activity A bouncer of a disco or nightclub may judge visitors' clothing and refuse entrance to those not clad according to specified or intuited requirements. A bouncer or doorman is an informal term for Security guards employed at venues such as bars, Nightclubs or Concerts to provide Disco is a Genre of dance-oriented music whose origins are hard to define A nightclub (or "night club" or "club" is a drinking, dancing, and entertainment venue which does its primary business after dark

Some dress codes specify that tattoos have to be covered. A tattoo is a permanent marking made by inserting ink into the layers of Skin to change the pigment for decorative or other reasons

A "formal" or white tie dress code typically means tail-coats for men and full-length evening dresses for women. White tie ( evening dress, full evening dress in the UK is the most formal evening Dress code. "Semi-formal" has a much less precise definition but typically means an evening jacket and tie for men (known as black tie) and a dress for women. Black tie is a dress code for semi-formal evening events and is worn to many types of social functions "Business casual" typically means not wearing jeans or track suits, but wearing instead collared shirts, and more country trousers (not black, but more relaxed, including things such as corduroy). Jeans are Trousers made from Denim. Mainly designed for work, they became popular among Teenagers starting in the 1950s. //wwwiloveshellsuitscom]A tracksuit is an article of Clothing[] consisting of two parts- Trousers and a Jacket. Corduroy is a Textile composed of twisted fibers that when woven lie parallel (similar to Twill) to one another to form the cloth's distinct pattern a "cord "Casual" typically just means clothing for the torso, legs and shoes. "Wedding Casual" defines yet another mode of dress, where guests dress respectfully, but not necessarily fancily. Basically, no jeans and T-shirts.

Transparent or semi-transparent clothing can play with the boundaries of dress-codes regarding modesty. In Optics, transparency (also called pellucidity) is the Material property of allowing Standards of modesty (also called demureness or reticence) are aspects of the Culture of a Country or people at a given point in time

Dress codes usually set forth a lower bound on body covering. However, sometimes it can specify the opposite, for example, in UK gay jargon, dress code, means people who dress in a militaristic manner. Dress code nights in nightclubs, and elsewhere, are deemed to specifically target people who have militaristic fetishes (e. g. leather/skinhead men). A skinhead is a member of a Subculture that originated among Working class youths in the United Kingdom in the 1960s and then spread to other parts of

It is also NOT a Health Code, Insurance Code, OSHA Code, or Fire Code to enter a store without shoes on. This is verified per www. barefooters. org and also www. pedolgroup. com.

See also shoe etiquette, mourning, sharia, Dress code (Western). A shoe is an item of Footwear. Shoes may vary from a simple Flip-flop to a complex Boot. Mourning is in the simplest sense synonymous with Grief over the Death of someone Sharia ( Arabic: ar شريعة) is the body of Islamic Religious law. A dress code is a set of rules governing what garments may be worn together

Work place

White collar work place clothing has changed through the years. In a corporate office, appropriate clothes are clean, formal clothes such as a shirt, necktie, and suit, or other similar outfits. In American English, a dress shirt is a predominantly men's Shirt with a collar, a full-length opening at the front from the collar to the hem and full The necktie (or tie) is a long piece of cloth worn around the neck resting under the shirt collar and knotted at the throat The man's suit of clothes is a set of garments which are crafted from the same cloth Previous business dress code eras (the 1950s in the U. The 1950s Decade refers to the years of 1950 to 1959 inclusive S. ) featured standardised business clothes that strongly differentiated what was acceptable and unacceptable for men and women to wear while working. Today, the two styles have merged; women's work clothes expanded to include the suit (and its variants) in addition to the usual dresses, skirts, and blouses; men's clothes have expanded to include garments and bright colours.

Casual wear entered corporate culture with the advent of the Silicon Valley, California, technology company featuring informal work clothes on the job. Additionally, some companies set aside days — generally Fridays ("dress-down Friday", "casual Friday") — when workers may wear informal clothes. The clothing a company requires its worker to wear on the job varies with the occupation and profession. Generally, low-level workers who do not directly work with the clients are allowed to dress informally, e. g. the information technology (IT) technicians and the interns. Professionals and other high status workers are still expected to wear plain patterned or pinstripe suits in navy, charcoal or grey with a tie.

Some businesses observe that anti-discrimination law restricts their determining what is appropriate and inappropriate workplace clothing. Yet, in fact, most businesses have much authority in determining and establishing what work place clothes they can require of their workers. Generally, a carefully drafted dress code applied consistently does not violate anti-discrimination laws. ^[4]

Business casual

Main article: Business casual

Business casual dress, also "smart casual", is a popular work place dress code that emerged in white-collar workplaces in Western countries in the 1990s, especially in the United States. Business Casual is the first release by Omaha Nebraska band Beep Beep. White-collar worker refers to a salaried professional or an educated Worker who performs semi-professional office administrative and sales coordination tasks as opposed to The term Western world, the West or the Occident ( Latin: occidens -sunset -west as distinct from the Orient) can have multiple meanings The 1990s collectively refers to the years between and including 1990 and 1999 Many information technology businesses in Silicon Valley were early adopters of this dress code. Information technology ( IT) as defined by the Information Technology Association of America (ITAA is "the study design development implementation support For the valley nicknamed "Silicone Valley" see San Fernando Valley. In contrast to formal business wear such as suits and neckties (the international standard business attire), the business casual dress code has no generally-accepted definition; its interpretation differs widely among organizations and is often a cause of sartorial confusion among workers. The man's suit of clothes is a set of garments which are crafted from the same cloth The necktie (or tie) is a long piece of cloth worn around the neck resting under the shirt collar and knotted at the throat Informal is a Dress code, typified by a suit and Necktie. On the scale of formality informal attire is more formal than casual but less formal

The job search engine Monster.com offers this definition: In general, business casual means dressing professionally, looking relaxed, yet neat and pulled together. A job search engine is a Website that facilitates Job hunting. Monstercom is an Employment website owned by Monster Worldwide. A more pragmatic definition is that business casual dress is the mid ground between formal business clothes and street clothes. Examples of clothing combinations considered appropriate for work by businesses that consider themselves as using the business-casual dress code are:

• for men: a shirt with a collar (tennis shirt) and cotton trousers, "khakis": in American
• for women: a tennis shirt and trousers

Generally, neckties are excluded from business casual dress, unless worn in untraditional ways. A tennis shirt, now commonly called a polo shirt and also known as a golf shirt, is a T-shaped Shirt with a collar typically two or three buttons down Cotton is a soft staple Fibre that grows around the seeds of the cotton plant ( Gossypium sp Trousers are an item of Clothing worn on the lower part of the body from the waist to the ankles covering both legs separately (rather than with cloth stretching across The acceptability of blue jeans and denim cloth clothing varies — some businesses disallow them as sloppy, not casual, yet tolerate men wearing blue jeans with a sports coat. Jeans are Trousers made from Denim. Mainly designed for work, they became popular among Teenagers starting in the 1950s. A sportcoat, also called a sport(s coat, sport(s jacket, also mistakenly called a Blazer, is a tailored coat for men

Inverse dress codes

Inverse dress codes, sometimes referred to as "undress code", set forth an upper bound, rather than a lower bound, on body covering. An undress code is commonly used as the opposite of a Dress code, restricting or prohibiting the wearing of Clothing. An example of an undress code, is the one commonly enforced in modern communal bathing facilities. For example, in Schwaben Quellen no clothing of any kind is allowed. Schwaben Quellen (in English, "Swabian Springs" is a large spa / Waterpark complex located in Stuttgart, Germany. Other less strict undress codes are common in public pools, especially indoor pools, in which shoes and shirts are not allowed.

Places where social nudity is practiced may be "clothing optional", or nudity may be compulsory, with exceptions, see issues in social nudity. Naturism or nudism is a cultural and Political movement advocating and defending social Nudity in private and in public. Social nudity is Nudity in private and Public spaces. It is sometimes controversial for addressing challenging and exploring a myriad of sometimes Taboo

Violation of clothing taboos

Some clothing faux pas may occur intentionally for reasons of fashion or personal preference. Fashion refers to styles of dress (but can also include cuisine literature art architecture and general comportment that are popular in a culture at any given time Preference (also called " taste " or "penchant" is a concept used in the Social sciences particularly Economics. For example, people may wear intentionally oversized clothing. For instance, the teenage boys of rap duo Kris Kross of the early 1990s wore all of their clothes backwards and extremely baggy. Hip hop is a Subculture, which is said to have begun with the work of DJ Kool Herc, Grandmaster Flash & the Furious Five, and Afrika Bambaattaa Kris Kross was a teenage rap duo of the early 1990s The duo is most famous for their 1992 hit " Jump," and their fashion styling—consisting The 1990s collectively refers to the years between and including 1990 and 1999 Baggy was a British dance-oriented Music genre popular in the early 1990s

A trend in underwear has moved toward underwear that looks less like underwear, e. Undergarments are clothes worn under other clothes often next to the skin g. undergarments that look like bathing suits or beach shorts. Beachwear refers to clothing suitable for wearing on a Beach or Urban beach. For women, deliberately showing bra straps has also been fashionable.

Reversalism in the sociology of clothing

Social attitudes to clothing have brought about various rules and social conventions, such as keeping the body covered, and not showing underwear in public. The backlash against these social norms has become a traditional form of rebellion.

Messages of Clothing

Masculinity: Trousers, ties, belts, broad shoulders, rough or heavy fabrics, outdoor clothing

Femininity: Skirts, low necklines, defined waists, delicate fabrics

Sexual maturity: Tight clothing, transparent or shiny fabrics, high heels

Immaturity: Shapeless, loose clothes, dungarees, childish prints or patterns, bright colors, flat shoes

Dominance: Uniforms, uncomfortable fabrics, oversized shoulders, dark colors, leather, metal buttons, large hats and accessories

Submissiveness: Impractical fabrics and frills, pale colors, decorative shoes

Intelligence: Reading glasses, blue or dark stockings, sombre colors, briefcase

Conformity: Dull, chain-store clothing, pressed creases, low-key colors

Rebellion: Extreme clothing and hairstyles, tattoos, piercing, unusual shoes or no shoes at all

Occupation: Uniforms, suits, wearing of tools and trade accessories

Origin: Indicated by town or country clothes or regional dress

Wealth: Gold jewellery and gems, clean or new clothes, perfect fit, identifiable fashion labels, dramatic color, fur, perfume

Health: Casual or sporty clothing and logos, body-revealing cut, slim figure, trainers(sneakers)

Age: Adherence to past styles

See also

• Dress code (Western)
• Dresscode (BDSM)
• Sumptuary law
• Subculture
• Social role of hair
• Nonverbal communication

References

External links

• Majority of Americans Would Rather Die Than Take Their Clothes Off (Beach Buzz)
• Entry from OED Online: smart casual
• The new dress code: Business Casual

tags

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