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Douglas-fir
Pseudotsuga menziesii subsp. menziesii in Anacortes Community Forest Lands, Washington
Pseudotsuga menziesii subsp. menziesii in Anacortes Community Forest Lands, Washington
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Division: Pinophyta
Class: Pinopsida
Order: Pinales
Family: Pinaceae
Genus: Pseudotsuga
Carrière
Species

See text

Douglas-fir is the common name applied to coniferous trees of the genus Pseudotsuga in the family Pinaceae. Anacortes Community Forest Lands (ACFL consists of mostly forested lands surrounding and adjoining Cranberry Heart and Whistle Lakes on Fidalgo Island, west and south of Washington ( is a state in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. Plants are living Organisms belonging to the kingdom Plantae. The Order Pinales in the Division Pinophyta, Class Pinopsida comprises all the extant Conifers This order was formerly known as the The family Pinaceae ( pine family) is in the order Pinales and includes many of the well-known Conifers of commercial importance such as Cedars Élie-Abel Carrière (1818&ndash1896 was a French Botanist, based in Paris. A tree is a perennial Woody plant. It is most often defined as a woody plant that has many secondary branches supported clear of the ground on a single main stem or A genus (plural genera from Γένος Latin genus "descent family type gender" is a low-level Taxonomic The family Pinaceae ( pine family) is in the order Pinales and includes many of the well-known Conifers of commercial importance such as Cedars There are five species, two in western North America, one in Mexico and two in eastern Asia. The United Mexican States ( or commonly Mexico (ˈmɛksɪkoʊ () is a federal constitutional Republic in North America. The Douglas-firs gave 19th century botanists problems due to their similarity to various other conifers better known at the time; they have at times been classified in Pinus, Picea, Abies, Tsuga, and even Sequoia. This article is about the tree For other uses of the term "pine" see Pine (disambiguation. Spruce refers to Trees of the genus Picea, a genus of about 35 species of Coniferous Evergreen trees in the Family Pinaceae Firs ( Abies) are a genus of between 45-55 species of Evergreen conifers in the family Pinaceae. Tsuga (from ツガ ja 栂 the name for Tsuga sieboldii) is a genus of conifers in the family Pinaceae. Sequoia sempervirens is the sole living Species of the Genus Sequoia in the cypress family Cupressaceae (formerly Because of the distinctive cones, Douglas-firs were finally placed in the new genus Pseudotsuga (meaning "false Tsuga") by the French botanist Carrière in 1867. Tsuga (from ツガ ja 栂 the name for Tsuga sieboldii) is a genus of conifers in the family Pinaceae. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Élie-Abel Carrière (1818&ndash1896 was a French Botanist, based in Paris.

The common name honours David Douglas, the Scottish botanist who first introduced the tree into cultivation in 1826. David Douglas ( June 25, 1799 &ndash July 12, 1834) was a Scottish Botanist. Scotland ( Gaelic: Alba) is a Country in northwest Europethat occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain. Botany, plant science(s, phytology, or plant biology is a branch of Biology and is the scientific study of plant Life Douglas is known for introducing many North American native conifers to Europe. The hyphen in the common name indicates that Douglas-firs are not true firs; i. A hyphen ( -) is a Punctuation mark It is used for both Words to join and to separate Syllables It is often confused with the dashes e. they are not members of the genus Abies. [1]

The Douglas-firs are medium-size to large or very large evergreen trees, to 20-120 m tall. In Botany, an Evergreen plant is a plant having leaves all year round A tree is a perennial Woody plant. It is most often defined as a woody plant that has many secondary branches supported clear of the ground on a single main stem or The leaves are flat and needle-like, generally resembling those of the firs. In Botany, a leaf is an above-ground Plant organ specialized for Photosynthesis. Firs ( Abies) are a genus of between 45-55 species of Evergreen conifers in the family Pinaceae. The female cones are pendulous, with persistent scales (unlike true firs), and are distinct in having a long tridentine (three-pointed) bract that protrudes prominently above each scale. A cone (in formal botanical usage Strobilus, plural strobili is an organ on Plants in the division Pinophyta ( Conifers In Botany, a bract is a modified or specialized Leaf. Bracts are ordinarily associated with reproductive structures (subtending Flowers Inflorescence

Douglas-firs are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species including Autumnal Moth, Bordered White, The Engrailed, Pine Beauty, Turnip Moth and the gelechiids Chionodes abella and Chionodes periculella which have both been recorded on P. A larva ( Latin; plural larvae) is a juvenile form of Animal with indirect development, undergoing Metamorphosis (for example Lepidoptera is an order of Insect that includes Moths and butterflies. The Autumnal Moth (Epirrita autumnata is a Moth of the family Geometridae. The Bordered White (Bupalus piniaria, also known as the Pine Looper, is a Moth of the family Geometridae. The Engrailed ( Ectropis crepuscularia) is a Moth of the family Geometridae. The Pine Beauty ( Panolis flammea) is a Moth of the family Noctuidae. The Turnip Moth ( Agrotis segetum) is a Moth of the family Noctuidae. The Gelechiidae, Gelechiid moths are a family of Lepidoptera ( Moths. Chionodes is a genus of Moths of the family Gelechiidae. This large group has representatives in most parts of the world Chionodes is a genus of Moths of the family Gelechiidae. This large group has representatives in most parts of the world menziesii.

A Californian Native American myth explains that each of the three-ended bracts are a tail and two tiny legs of the mice who hid inside the scales of the tree's cones, which was kind enough to be the enduring sanctuary for them during forest fires. Native Americans in the United States are the indigenous peoples from the regions of North America now encompassed by the continental United States A mouse (plural mice) is a small Animal that belongs to one

Contents

Species and varieties

Coast Douglas-fir cone, from a tree grown from seed collected by David Douglas
Coast Douglas-fir cone, from a tree grown from seed collected by David Douglas

By far the best-known is the very widespread and abundant North American species Pseudotsuga menziesii, a taxonomically complex species[2] divided into two major subspecies (treated as distinct species by some botanists); Coast Douglas-fir or "Green Douglas-fir", on the Pacific coast; and Rocky Mountain Douglas-fir or "Interior Douglas-fir", in the interior west of the continent extending as far inland as Calgary, Alberta[3]. The Coast Douglas-fir ( Pseudotsuga menziesii var menziesii) a variety of Douglas-fir, is an Evergreen Conifer native David Douglas ( June 25, 1799 &ndash July 12, 1834) was a Scottish Botanist. The Coast Douglas-fir ( Pseudotsuga menziesii var menziesii) a variety of Douglas-fir, is an Evergreen Conifer native The Pacific Ocean is the largest of the Earth 's Oceanic divisions The Rocky Mountain Douglas-fir ( Pseudotsuga menziesii var glauca) is an Evergreen Conifer native to the interior Mountainous Calgary (ˈkælgəriː is the largest city in the Province of Alberta, Canada Alberta (ælˈbɝtə is one of Canada's prairie provinces. It became a province on September 1 1905 The latter is in turn divided into two varieties, "Blue Douglas-fir" or "Colorado Douglas-fir" (var. glauca) in the southern Rocky Mountains, and "Gray Douglas-fir" or "Fraser River Douglas-fir" (var. caesia) in the northern Rocky Mountains. The species as a whole is generally known as simply "Douglas-fir", or as "Common Douglas-fir"; other less widely used names include "Oregon Douglas-fir", "Douglas Tree", and "Oregon Pine". It is the state tree of Oregon. This List of US state trees includes official trees of the following states and U Oregon ( is a state in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States.

Douglas-fir can attain heights of 120 metres (394 ft). That was the height of the tallest tree (of any species) ever well-documented, the Mineral Tree (Mineral, Washington), measured several times between 1911 and 1925 by Richard McCardle, a University of Washington forester. Mineral is a small town in Lewis County Washington just off State Route 7 near the Pierce/Lewis county line The volume of that tree was 515 cubic metres (18,190 cu ft). The tallest extant individual is the Brummitt Fir (Coos Bay, Oregon) at 100. Coos Bay is a city located in Coos County Oregon, United States. 3 metres (329 ft). Only Coast Redwood grow taller. Sequoia sempervirens is the sole living Species of the Genus Sequoia in the cypress family Cupressaceae (formerly [4]

The specific name, menziesii, is after Archibald Menzies, a Scottish physician and rival naturalist to David Douglas, who first discovered the tree on Vancouver Island in 1791. Archibald Menzies (pronounced or Ming-iss, see Yogh) 15 March 1754 &ndash 15 February 1842) was a Scottish Natural history is the Scientific research of Plants or Animals leaning more towards the Observational than Experimental methods David Douglas ( June 25, 1799 &ndash July 12, 1834) was a Scottish Botanist. Vancouver Island is a large Island in British Columbia, Canada, one of several North American regions named after George Vancouver, the British Away from its native area, it is also extensively used in forestry as a plantation tree for timber in Europe, New Zealand, southern South America and elsewhere. Forestry is the Art and Science of managing forests tree Plantations and related Natural resources. Fundamentally a plantation is usually a large Farm or estate, especially in a tropical or semitropical country on which Cotton, Tobacco Lumber or timber is Wood in any of its stages from felling through readiness for use as structural Material for Construction, or New Zealand is an Island country in the south-western Pacific Ocean comprising two main landmasses (the North Island and the South Island South America is a Continent of the Americas, situated entirely in the Western Hemisphere and mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a It is also naturalised throughout Europe (Austria with Liechtenstein, Belgium, Britain, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Ireland, Switzerland, Italy, Yugoslavia, Portugal, Poland, Romania, and Sweden)[5], Chile (called commonly Pino Oregón) and New Zealand, sometimes to the extent of becoming an invasive species subject to control measures. In Biology, naturalisation is the process when foreign or cultivated plants or animals have spread into the Wild, where they multiply by natural regeneration Chile, officially the Republic of Chile ( Spanish:) is a country in South America occupying a long and narrow Coastal strip wedged between the New Zealand is an Island country in the south-western Pacific Ocean comprising two main landmasses (the North Island and the South Island Introduced species|Weed Invasive species is a phrase with several definitions

Coast Douglas-fir branch
Coast Douglas-fir branch
Rocky Mountain Douglas-fir twig
Rocky Mountain Douglas-fir twig
The buds of a Coast Douglas-fir
The buds of a Coast Douglas-fir

All of the other species are of restricted range and little-known outside of their respective native environments, and even there are often rare and only of very scattered occurrence, occurring in mixed forests; all are listed as being of unfavourable conservation status. The conservation status of a Species is an indicator of the likelihood of that species remaining extant either in the present day or the near future

North America
Asia

Uses

Douglas-fir wood is used for structural applications that are required to withstand high loads. Wood is hard fibrous lignified structural tissue produced as secondary Xylem in the stems of Woody plants notably trees but also shrubs It is used extensively in the construction industry. Other examples include its use for homebuilt aircraft. Very often, these aircraft were designed to utilize Sitka Spruce, which is becoming increasingly difficult to source in aviation quality grades. The Sitka Spruce ( Picea sitchensis) is a large Coniferous Evergreen Tree growing to 50-70 m tall exceptionally to 100 m tall and Douglas-fir are also the most common Christmas trees in the United States where they are sold alongside true firs like Noble and Grand. A Christmas tree, Yule tree, holiday tree or Tannenbaum (fir tree is one of the most popular Traditions associated with the celebration Douglas-fir Christmas trees are usually trimmed to a near perfect cone instead of left to grow naturally like Noble and Grand. [6]

Diseases

Main article: List of douglas-fir diseases

Trivia

References

  1. ^ Little, E. L. (1953). Check List of native and naturalized trees of the United States (including Alaska). Washington D. C. : U. S. Department of Agriculture. USDA Agricultural Handbook 41.  
  2. ^ Li, Peng; W. T. Adams (1989). Rangewide patterns of allozyme variation in Douglas-fir. Canad. J. Forest Res. 19: 149-161.  
  3. ^ Edworthy Park - Calgary, Alberta - Wikipedia Entries on Waymarking.com
  4. ^ Van Pelt, Robert (2001). Forest Giants of the Pacific Coast. University of Washington Press, p. 44. ISBN 0295981407.  
  5. ^ http://193.62.154.38/cgi-bin/nph-readbtree.pl/feout?FAMILY_XREF=&GENUS_XREF=Pseudotsuga&SPECIES_XREF=menziesii&TAXON_NAME_XREF=&RANK= Distribution of Douglas-fir
  6. ^ National Christmas Tree Assoc http://www.christmastree.org/trees/douglas.cfm

External links


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