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Dorothea Minola Alice Bate
Born 8 November 1878[1]
Carmarthen, Wales Flag of Wales
Died 13 January 1951[1]
Westcliff-on-Sea, Essex
Education at home & Natural History Museum, London
Occupation palaeontologist & archaeozoologist
Spouse none
Children none
Parents Henry Reginald Bate and Elizabeth Fraser Bate, née Whitehill

Dorothea Minola Alice Bate FGS (8 November 1878 – 13 January 1951), also known as Dorothy Bate, was a British palaeontologist, a pioneer of archaeozoology. Events 1519 - Hernán Cortés enters Tenochtitlán and Aztec ruler Moctezuma welcomes him with great a Celebration Year 1878 ( MDCCCLXXVIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Carmarthen ( Welsh Caerfyrddin - caer fort + Myrddin Moridunum is the County town of Carmarthenshire, Wales. Events 532 - Nika riots in Constantinople. 888 - Odo Count of Paris becomes King of the Franks Year 1951 ( MCMLI) was a Common year starting on Monday. Events of 1951 January Westcliff-on-Sea is a Village and Seaside resort in the south-east of England within the borough and Unitary authority of Southend-on-Sea Essex is a county in the East of England. The County town is Chelmsford, and the highest point of the county is Chrishall Common The Natural History Museum is one of three large Museums on Exhibition Road, South Kensington, London (the others are the Science Museum London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. Palaeontology redirects here For the Scientific journal, see Palaeontology (journal. Zooarchaeology, also known as Archaeozoology, is the study of Animal Remains from archaeological sites. The Geological Society of London is a Learned society based in the United Kingdom with the aim of "investigating the mineral structure of the Earth" Events 1519 - Hernán Cortés enters Tenochtitlán and Aztec ruler Moctezuma welcomes him with great a Celebration Year 1878 ( MDCCCLXXVIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 532 - Nika riots in Constantinople. 888 - Odo Count of Paris becomes King of the Franks Year 1951 ( MCMLI) was a Common year starting on Monday. Events of 1951 January The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Palaeontology redirects here For the Scientific journal, see Palaeontology (journal. Zooarchaeology, also known as Archaeozoology, is the study of Animal Remains from archaeological sites. Her life's work was to find fossils of recently extinct mammals with a view to understanding how and why giant and dwarf forms evolved. [2]

Contents

Early life

Born in Carmarthenshire, Bate was the daughter of Police Superintendent Henry Reginald Bate and his wife Elizabeth Fraser Whitehill. Geography The county is bounded to the north by Ceredigion, to the east by Powys, Neath Port Talbot and Swansea, to the south by the She had an older sister and a younger brother. [1] She had little formal education and once commented that her education "was only briefly interrupted by school". [1]

Career

In 1898, at the age of nineteen, Bate got a job at the Natural History Museum in London, sorting bird skins in the Department of Zoology's Bird Room and later preparing fossils. The Natural History Museum is one of three large Museums on Exhibition Road, South Kensington, London (the others are the Science Museum London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. [3] There she remained for fifty years and learned ornithology, palaeontology, geology and anatomy, in the early years often working as a piece-worker. Ornithology (from Greek ὄρνις ὄρνιθος ornis, ornithos, "bird" and λόγος logos, "knowledge" is the branch of Palaeontology redirects here For the Scientific journal, see Palaeontology (journal. Geology (from Greek γη gê, "earth" and λόγος Logos, "speech" lit Anatomy (from the Greek anatomia, from ana separate apart from and temnein, to cut up cut open is a branch of Biology that is the consideration [1]

In 1901 Bate published her first scientific paper, A short account of a bone cave in the Carboniferous limestone of the Wye valley, which appeared in the Geological Magazine, about bones of small Pleistocene mammals. The Geological Magazine, founded in 1864, is a Scientific journal published in the United Kingdom, one of the best-known learned journals in the field of The Pleistocene ('plaɪstəsin is the epoch from 18 million to 10000 years BP covering the world's recent period [1]

The same year, she first visited Cyprus, at her own expense, to search for bones there, finding twelve new deposits in ossiferous caves, among them bones of Hippopotamus minutus. Cyprus (Κύπρος transliterated: Kýpros,; Kıbrıs officially the Republic of Cyprus (Κυπριακή Δημοκρατία Kypriakī́ Dīmokratía [1] In 1902, with the benefit of a hard-won grant from the Royal Society, she returned to Cyprus, and in a cave in the Kyrenia hills discovered a new species of dwarf elephant, which she named Elephas cypriotes, later described in a paper for the Royal Society. The Royal Society of London for the Improvement of Natural Knowledge, known simply as The Royal Society, is a Learned society for science that was founded in 1660 For the village in Greece which see Keryneia Greece. Kyrenia (Keryneia (ΚερύνειαGirne is a town noted for its historic Elephants ( family: Elephantidae) are large land Mammals of the order Proboscidea. The Cyprus Dwarf Elephant ( Elephas cypriotes) is an extinct species of Elephant related to the living Asian Elephant. [4][5] This species is also known as Elephas cypriotes Bate. [6] While in Cyprus she also observed (and trapped, shot and skinned[2]) living mammals and birds and prepared a number of other papers. In Cyprus, Bate lodged mostly at Paphos with a District Commissioner called Wodehouse. Paphos (Paphos is usually written Paphos or Paphus in English, ( Ancient Greek:; Modern Greek Πάφος Páfos; Latin [1] When not travelling in remote areas, often alone, she led an active social life. [5]

She later undertook expeditions to many other Mediterranean islands, including Crete, Corsica, Sardinia, Malta, and the Balearic Islands, and parts of Africa, including the Sudan, publishing work on their prehistoric fauna. Crete ( Greek: Κρήτη transliteration: Krētē, modern transliteration Kriti) is the largest of the Greek islands and the Corsica (Corse Corsican and Italian: Corsica) is the fourth largest island in the Mediterranean Sea (after Sicily Sardinia (sɑrˈdɪnɪə Sardegna Sardigna or Sardinnya is the second-largest island in the Mediterranean Sea (after Sicily) Malta, officially the Republic of Malta (Repubblika ta' Malta is a European Microstate, comprising an Archipelago of three islands The Balearic Islands ( Catalan and official Illes Balears; Spanish: Islas Baleares) are an Archipelago in the western Mediterranean Sudan (officially the Republic of Sudan) ( السودان al-Sūdān is a country in northeastern Africa. [1] In the Balearics in 1909, she discovered Myotragus balearicus, a previously unknown species of the subfamily Caprinae. The Balearic Islands Cave Goat Myotragus balearicus ( Greek -derived Neo-Latin: μυς + τράγος [1] On the plateau of Kat, in eastern Crete, she found remains of the Cretan dwarf hippopotamus. The Cretan Dwarf Hippopotamus or Hippopotamus creutzburgi is an extinct hippopotamus. [7]. In Crete, she got to know the young archaeologists then excavating Knossos and throwing light on the Minoan civilisation. Knossos (alternative spellings Knossus, Cnossus, Greek Κνωσός kno̞ˈso̞s also known as the Knossos Palace is the largest [2]

Finding herself pursued by the British Vice-Consul in Majorca, Bate commented: "I do hate old men who try to make love to one and ought not to in their official positions. Majorca ( Spanish and Mallorca is the largest island of Spain. "[8]

According to The Daily Telegraph[2] -

“ Her days were spent on foot or mule, traversing barren and bandit-infested terrains and sleeping in flea-ridden hovels and shacks. For "The Daily Telegraph" in Australia see The Daily Telegraph (Australia. She would wade through turbulent swells to reach isolated cliff caves where she scuffled about, covered in mud and clay, never without her collecting bag, nets, insect boxes, hammer and - later - dynamite. ”

In the 1920s, Bate worked with the archaeologist Professor Dorothy Garrod in Palestine, and in 1937 they published together The Stone Age of Mount Carmel volume 1, part 2: Palaeontology, the Fossil Fauna of the Wady el-Mughara Caves, interpreting the Mount Carmel excavations. Professor Dorothy Annie Elizabeth Garrod ( 5 May, 1892 &ndash 18 December, 1968) was a British Archaeologist who was the Palestine is a name which has been widely used since Roman times to refer to the region between the Mediterranean Sea and the Jordan River. Mount Carmel (הר הכרמל Karem El/Har Ha'Karmel; Arabic Kurmul/Jabal Mar Elyas) is a coastal Mountain range in northern Israel [9][1]. Among other finds, they reported remains of the hippopotamus. The hippopotamus ( Hippopotamus amphibius) from the Greek ἱπποπόταμος ( hippopotamos, ιππος hippos meaning "horse" [10]

Bate also worked with Percy R. Lowe on fossil ostriches in China. Percy Roycroft Lowe ( January 2 1870 &ndash August 18 1948) was an English surgeon and Ornithologist. The Ostrich ( Struthio camelus) is a large Flightless bird native to Africa (and formerly the Middle East) China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National [1] She was a pioneering archaeozoologist, especially in the field of climatic interpretation. Zooarchaeology, also known as Archaeozoology, is the study of Animal Remains from archaeological sites. [3] She compared the relative proportions of Gazella and Dama remains. [3]

In the late 1930s, towards the end of her career in field work, Bate found the bones of a giant tortoise in Bethlehem. Bethlehem ( بيت لحم,, lit "House of Meat" Βηθλεέμ Bethleém בית לחם Beit Lehem, lit "House of Bread" is a [2]

Many archaeologists and anthropologists relied on her expertise in identifying fossil bones, including Louis Leakey, Charles McBurney, and John Desmond Clark. Louis Seymour Bazett Leakey ( LSB Leakey) ( August 7, 1903 – October 1 1972) was a Kenyan archaeologist and naturalist Charles Brian Montagu McBurney ( 18 June, 1914 &ndash 14 December John Desmond Clark (more commonly J Desmond Clark, April 10, 1916 - February 14, 2002) was a British archaeologist [1]

During the Second World War, Bate transferred from the Natural History Museum’s department of geology in London to its zoological branch at Tring, and in 1948, a few months short of her seventieth birthday, she was appointed officer-in-charge there. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including The Natural History Museum is one of three large Museums on Exhibition Road, South Kensington, London (the others are the Science Museum Tring is a small Market town in the Chiltern Hills in Hertfordshire, England. [1] Although suffering from cancer, she died of a heart attack on 13 January 1951, and as a Christian Scientist was cremated. The Church of Christ Scientist was founded in 1879 in Boston Massachusetts, USA, by Mary Baker Eddy, author of the book Science and Health with Her personal papers were destroyed in a house fire shortly after her death. [3] On her desk at Tring was a list of 'Papers to write'. By the last in the list she had written Swan Song. [1]

Her estate at death amounted to £15,369. [11]

In 2005, a 'Dorothea Bate facsimile' was created at the Natural History Museum as part of project to develop notable gallery characters to patrol its display cases. She is thus among other luminaries including Carl Linnaeus, Mary Anning, and William Smith. Carl Linnaeus (Latinized as Carolus Linnaeus, also known after his ennoblement as, May 23 new style (13 May old style 1707 who laid the foundations for Mary Anning ( May 21, 1799 &ndash March 9, 1847) was an early British Fossil collector and paleontologist. William Smith ( March 23 1769 &ndash August 28 1839) was an English Geologist, credited with creating the first nationwide They tell stories and anecdotes of their lives and discoveries. [3]

In her biography Discovering Dorothea: the Life of the Pioneering Fossil-Hunter Dorothea Bate, Karolyn Shindler describes Bate as "witty, acerbic, clever and courageous". [3] Shindler is also the author of the biography in the 2004 edition of the Dictionary of National Biography. The Dictionary of National Biography ( DNB) is a standard work of reference on notable figures from British history published from 1885 [1]

Selected publications

Honours

Portrait

A watercolour portrait of Bate as a young woman, drawn by her sister, is at the Natural History Museum. Year 1940 ( MCMXL) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full 1940 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Geological Society of London is a Learned society based in the United Kingdom with the aim of "investigating the mineral structure of the Earth" Year 1940 ( MCMXL) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full 1940 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. In it she wears a black dress trimmed with white lace, and a large pink rose. [1]

References

Footnotes

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q Bate, Dorothea Minola Alice (1878-1951), palaeontologist by Karolyn Shindler in Dictionary of National Biography online (accessed 23 November 2007)
  2. ^ a b c d e Making no bones about hunting fossils at telegraph. The Times is a daily national Newspaper published in the United Kingdom since 1785 when it was known as The Daily Universal Register. The Dictionary of National Biography ( DNB) is a standard work of reference on notable figures from British history published from 1885 co. uk dated 04/07/2005 (accessed 23 November 2007)
  3. ^ a b c d e f Review by Miles Russell of Discovering Dorothea: the Life of the Pioneering Fossil-Hunter Dorothea Bate by Karolyn Shindler at ucl. ac. uk (accessed 23 November 2007)
  4. ^ a b Bate, Dorothy M. A. : Preliminary Note on the Discovery of a Pigmy Elephant in the Pleistocene of Cyprus in Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Vol. 71 (1902 - 1903), pp. 498-500
  5. ^ a b Dorothea Bate, Cyprus work diary 1901–02, 3 volumes, Natural History Museum's earth sciences library, palaeontology MSS
  6. ^ Reese, David S. : Men, Saints, or Dragons? in Folklore, Vol. 87, No. 1 (1976), pp. 89-95
  7. ^ Evans, Arthur: The Early Nilotic, Libyan and Egyptian Relations with Minoan Crete in The Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland Vol. Sir Arthur John Evans ( July 8 1851 &ndash July 11 1941) was a British Archaeologist most famous for unearthing the palace of 55, Jul. - Dec. , 1925 (Jul. - Dec. , 1925), pp. 199-228
  8. ^ Shindler, Karolyn: Discovering Dorothea: the Life of the Pioneering Fossil-Hunter Dorothea Bate (2005)
  9. ^ a b D. A. Garrod, D. Professor Dorothy Annie Elizabeth Garrod ( 5 May, 1892 &ndash 18 December, 1968) was a British Archaeologist who was the M. A. Bate, Eds. , The Stone Age of Mount Carmel, Volume 1: Excavations at the Wady El-Mughara (Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1937)
  10. ^ On the Occurrence of Hippopotamus in the Iron Age of the Coastal Area of Israel (Tell Qasileh) by Georg Haas in Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research, No. 132 (Dec. , 1953), pp. 30-34
  11. ^ Probate, granted 5 April 1951, CGPLA England & Wales
  12. ^ ’’Further Note on the Remains of Elephas cypriotes from a Cave-Deposit in Cyprus’’ by Dorothea M. Calendars of the Grants of Probate and Letters of Administration or CGPLA was an index published in the United Kingdom and Ireland that lists an alpabetical A. Bate in Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series B, Containing Papers of a Biological Character, Vol. 197 (1905), pp. 347-360
  13. ^ Bate, D. M. A. 1907. On Elephant Remains from Crete, with Description of Elephas creticus sp. n. Proc. zool. Soc. London. pp. 238-250.
  14. ^ Garrod, D. A. E. , Buxton, L. H. D. , Elliot Smith, G. & Bate, D. M. A. (1928) Excavation of a Mousterian Rock-shelter at Devil’s Tower, Gibraltar in Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute 58, pp. 91–113
  15. ^ A Note on the Fauna of the Athlit Caves by Dorothea M. A. Bate in The Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland, Vol. 62, Jul. - Dec. , 1932 (Jul. - Dec. , 1932), pp. 277-279
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