Doris (Greek: ἡ Δωρίς: Eth. Greek (el ελληνική γλώσσα or simply el ελληνικά — "Hellenic" is an Indo-European language, spoken today by 15-22 million people mainly Δωριεύς, pl. Δωριῆς, Δωριεῖς; Latin: Dores, Dorienses), is small mountainous district in ancient Greece, bounded by Aetolia, southern Thessaly, the Ozolian Locrians, and Phocis; the original homeland of the Dorian Greeks. Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. Greece (Ελλάδα transliterated: Elláda, historically, Ellás,) officially the Hellenic Republic (Ελληνική Δημοκρατία Aetolia is a mountainous region of Greece on the north coast of the Gulf of Corinth forming the eastern part of the modern prefecture of Aetolia-Acarnania Thessalia redirects here For the Butterfly Genus, see Thessalia (butterfly. Locris ( Greek, Modern Lokrida, Ancient Lokris) was a region of Ancient Greece, the homeland of the Locrians, made up of two districts Phocis ( Greek, Modern: Φωκίδα foˈkiða Ancient / Katharevousa: Φωκίς foˈkis is an ancient district and a modern prefecture The Dorians or Dorian Greeks ( Greek:, Dōrieis singular, Dōrieus were It lies between Mounts Oeta and Parnassus, and consists of the valley of the river Pindus (Πίνδος), a tributary of the Cephissus, into which it flows not far from the sources of the latter. Mount Oeta ( Όρος Οίτη) is a mountain to the south of Central Greece, in Greece, forming a boundary between the valleys of the Spercheius Mythology Mount Parnassus is named after Parnassos the son of the Nymph Kleodora and the man Kleopompus. Pindos or Pindus ( Greek: was a river of ancient Doris, in Greece. The northern Cephissus river (Greek Κηφισσός Kifissós, Kephissós, or Kêphissos) or Cephisus The Pindus is now called the Apostoliá. (Strabo ix. Strabo ( Greek: Στράβων 63/64 BC – ca AD 24 was a Greek historian, geographer and philosopher. p. 427; Leake, Northern Greece, vol. ii. pp. 72, 92. ) This valley is open towards Phocis; but it lies higher than the valley of the Cephissus, rising above the towns of Drymaea, Tithronium, and Amphicaea, which are the last towns in Phocis.
Contents |
Geography
Doris is described by Herodotus (viii. Herodotus of Halicarnassus ( Greek: Hēródotos Halikarnāsseús) was a Greek Historian who lived in the 5th century BC ( 484 BC&ndash 31) as lying between Malis and Phocis, and being only 30 stadia in breadth, which agrees nearly with the extent of the valley of the Apostoliá in its widest part. The Malians were a Greek tribe that resided at the mouth of the river Spercheios in Greece. In this valley there were four towns forming the Doric tetrapolis, namely, Erineus, Boium, Cytinium, and Pindus (Strab. Tetrapolis ( Greek:) comprised a set of four closely situated cities in the valley of the Pindus (Pindos river in the region of Doris in ancient Greece This article is about the mountain range called Pindus for other uses of these names see Pindus (disambiguation The Pindus (Πίνδος x. p. 427. ) Erineus, as the most important, appears to have been also called Dorium. (Aesch. de Fals. Leg. p. 286. ) The Dorians, however, did not confine themselves within these narrow limits, but occupied other places along Mount Oeta. Thus Strabo describes the Dorians of the tetrapolis as the larger part of the nation (ix. p. 417); and the Scholiast on Pindar (Pyth. i. 121) speaks of six Doric towns, Erineus, Cytinium, Boium, Lilaeum, Carphaea, and Dryope. In Greek mythology, Dryope (Δρυόπη was the daughter of Dryops ("oak-man" or of Eurytus (and hence half-sister to Iole) Lilaeum (Lilaea) seems to have been a Doric town in the time of the Persian invasion, since it is not mentioned among the Phocian towns destroyed by Xerxes; Carphaea is probably Scarphea near Thermopylae; and by Dryope is probably meant the country once inhabited by the Dryopes. The Persian Empire was a series of Iranian empires that ruled over the Iranian plateau, the original Persian homeland and beyond in Western Asia Xerxes I of Persia was a King of Persia (reigned 485–465 BC of the Achaemenid dynasty. Thermopylae (θɚˈmɒpəli (Ancient and Katharevousa Greek, Demotic Θερμοπύλες: "hot gateway" is a location in Greece The Dorians would appear at one time to have extended across Mount Oeta to the sea coast, both from the preceding account and from the statement of Scylax, who speaks (p. Scylax of Caryanda was an ancient Greek explorer from Caria. He lived during the 6th century BC 24) of Λιμοδωριεῖς. Among the Doric towns Hecataeus mentioned Amphanae, called Amphanaea by Theopompus. Theopompus, a Greek Historian and Rhetorician was born on Chios about 380 BC. (Steph. B. s. Stephanus of Byzantium, also known as Stephanus Byzantinus ( Greek:; fl v. Ἀμφαναί. ) Livy (xxvii. Titus Livius (traditionally 59 BC &ndash AD 17 known as Livy in English, was a Roman historian who wrote a monumental history of Rome 7) places in Doris Tritonon and Drymiae, which are evidently the Phocian towns elsewhere called Tithronium and Drymaea. There was an important mountain pass leading across Parnassus from Doris to Amphissa in the country of the Ozolian Locrians: at the head of this pass stood the Dorian town of Cytinium. Amfissa ( Greek: Άμφισσα ˈaɱfisa is a municipality and the capital town of the prefecture of Phocis, in Greece.
Doris is said to have been originally called Dryopis from its earlier inhabitants the Dryopes, who were expelled from the country by Heracles and the Malians. In Greek mythology, Heracles or Herakles ("glory of Hera " or (Herod. i. 56, viii. 31, 43. ) It derived its name from the Dorians, who migrated from this district to the conquest of Peloponnesus. The Peloponnese or Peloponnesus ( Greek: Πελοπόννησος Pelopónnisos; see also List of Greek place names) is a large Peninsula Hence the country is called the Metropolis of the Peloponnesian Dorians (Herod. viii. 31); and the Lacedaemonians, as the chief state of Doric origin, on more than one occasion sent assistance to the metropolis when attacked by the Phocians and their other neighbours. For the Laconian dialect see Doric Greek For the Ancient Kingdom see Sparta For the laconic expression see Laconic (Thuc. i. Thucydides ( C 460 BC &ndash C 395 BC) ( Greek Θουκυδίδης Thoukydídēs) was a Greek 107, iii. 92. )
Origin of the name
The Dorians were supposed to have derived their name from Dorus, the son of Hellen. In Greek mythology, Dorus is the name of the son of Hellen who was the eponymous founder of the Dorians. Note Hellen was not the same person as Helen of Troy, or Helenus, son of King Priam of Troy. According to one tradition, Dorus settled at once in the country subsequently known as Doris (Strab. viii. p. 383; Conon, c. 27); but other traditions represent them as more widely spread in earlier times. Herodotus relates (i. 56) that in the time of king Deucalion they inhabited the district Phthiotis; that in the time of Dorus, the son of Hellen, they inhabited the country called Histiaeotis at the foot of Ossa and Olympus; that, expelled from Histiaeotis by the Cadmeians, they dwelt on Mount Pindus, and were called the Macedonian nation; and that from thence they migrated to Dryopis; and having passed from Dryopis into the Peloponnesus, were called the Doric race. In Greek mythology, Deucalion (Δευκαλίων was a son of Prometheus and Pronoia. Phthiotis (Φθιώτιδα Fthiótida, fθiˈo̞tiða Ancient Greek and Katharevousa: Φθιώτις is one of the Prefectures of Greece. Mount Ossa (Όσσα alternative Kissavos (Greek Κίσσαβος is a Mountain in the Larissa prefecture, in Thessaly, Greece Mount Olympus (Όλυμπος also transliterated as Ólympos, and on Greek maps Óros Ólimbos) is the highest Mountain in Greece The Cadmea, or Cadmeia was the citadel of ancient Thebes Greece, named after the legendary Phoenician founder of Thebes Cadmus. This article is about the mountain range called Pindus for other uses of these names see Pindus (disambiguation The Pindus (Πίνδος Macedon or Macedonia ( Greek grc Μακεδονία grc-Latn Makedonía) was the name of a kingdom centered in the northern-most For this statement Herodotus could have had no other authority than tradition, and there is therefore no reason for accepting it as an historical relation of facts, as many modern scholars have done. In Apollodorus (i. 7. § 3) Dorus is represented as occupying the country over against Peloponnesus on the opposite side of the Corinthian gulf, and calling the inhabitants after himself Dorians. The Gulf of Corinth or the Corinthian Gulf is a deep inlet of the Ionian Sea separating the Peloponnese from western mainland Greece. By this description is evidently meant the whole country along the northern shore of the Corinthian gulf, comprising Aetolia, Phocis, and the land of the Ozolian Locrians. This statement, according to Smith, is at least more suitable to the facts attested by historical evidence than the legends given in Herodotus. Sir William Smith (1813 &ndash 1893 English Lexicographer, was born at Enfield in 1813 of Nonconformist parents It is impossible to believe that the inhabitants of such an insignificant district as Doris Proper conquered the greater part of Peloponnesus; and the common tale that the Dorians crossed over from Naupactus to the conquest is in accordance with the legend of their being the inhabitants of the northern shore of the gulf. Naupactus or Nafpaktos (Ναύπακτος rarely Έπαχτος Naupactus or Naupactos İnebahtı Italian Spanish and Portuguese Lepanto is the second largest town
History
In the historical period the whole of the eastern and southern parts of Peloponnesus were in the possession of Dorians. Beginning with the isthmus of Corinth, there was first Megara, whose territory extended north of the isthmus from sea to sea; next came Corinth, and to its west Sicyon; south of these two cities were Phlius and Cleonae: the Argolic peninsula was divided between Argos, Epidaurus, Troezen, and Hermione, the last of which, however, was inhabited by Dryopes, and not by Dorians. Corinth, or Korinth ( Greek Κόρινθος ( is a city in Greece. Megara ( Greek:, "Big Houses" is an ancient city (pop For the modern municipality see Sikyona. Sicyon (Σικυών was an ancient Greek city situated in the northern Peloponnesus Phlius was a Greek city in the northwestern Argolid, in the Peloponnese Cleonae or Cleonæ or Kleonai (now Archaies Kleones) was an ancient city in Argolis, now in the prefecture of Corinth, Greece Argolis (Αργολίδα Argolída, aɾɣo̞ˈliða Argolís in Ancient Greek and Katharevousa) is one of the fifty-one Prefectures of Argos ( Greek: Ἄργος, Árgos ˈaɾɣos is a city in Greece in the Peloponnese near Nafplio, which was its historic harbor Epidaurus (Ἐπίδαυρος Epidavros) was a small city ( Polis) in ancient Greece, at the Saronic Gulf. Troezen (ˈtriːzən Τροιζήν modern Troizina or Trizina, Turkish: Damala is a small town (pop Ermioni ( Greek el Ερμιόνη Ancient Greek Hermione grc ῾Ερμιόνη ῾Ερμιών is a small town and a popular tourist resort in the In the Saronic gulf, Aegina was peopled by Dorians. The Saronic Gulf ( Greek: Σαρωνικός κόλπος Saronikós kólpos) or Gulf of Aegina in Greece forms part of the Aegina ( Greek: Αίγινα ( Egina) is one of the Saronic Islands of Greece in the Saronic Gulf, 17 miles (30 km from South of the Argive territory was Laconia, and to its west Messenia, both ruled by Dorians: the river Neda, which separated Messenia from Triphylia, included under Elis in its widest sense, was the boundary of the Dorian states on the western side of the peninsula. For the Laconian dialect see Doric Greek For the Ancient Kingdom see Sparta For the laconic expression see Laconic Messenia or Messinia (Μεσσηνία is a prefecture in the Peloponnese, a region of Greece. The Neda River (Greek Νέδα Potamos Nedas) is a river that flows through the Arcadia, Ilia and the Messinia prefectures in the western Elis, or Eleia ( Greek, Modern Ήλιδα Ilida, Ancient Ēlis, Doric: Alis, Elean: Walis) is an ancient The districts just mentioned are represented in the Homeric poems as the seats of the great Achaean monarchies, and there is no allusion in these poems to any Doric population in Peloponnesus. Homer ( Ancient Greek:, Homēros) is a legendary ancient Greek epic Poet, traditionally said to be the author of the epic poems the Achaea (Αχαΐα Achaïa, axaˈia in Polytonic orthography) is an ancient province and a present prefecture of Greece, on the northern In fact the name of the Dorians occurs only once in Homer, and then as one of the many tribes of Crete. Crete ( Greek: Κρήτη transliteration: Krētē, modern transliteration Kriti) is the largest of the Greek islands and the (Od. xix. 177. ) The silence of Homer indicates that the Dorian conquest of Peloponnesus must have taken place subsequent to the time of the poet, and consequently must be assigned to a much later date than the one usually attributed to it.
From the Peloponnesus the Dorians spread over various parts of the Aegean and its connected seas. Etymology In ancient times there were various explanations for the name Aegean. Doric colonies were founded in mythical times in the islands of Crete, Melos, Thera, Rhodes, Cos, and ancient Doris (located on the southwest coast of modern Turkey). Milos (in Greek, Μήλος &mdash not related to the modern word μήλο &ndash milo " Apple " Rhodes (Ρόδος Ródos, ˈɾo̞ðo̞s Rodi ردوس Rodos; Ladino: Rodi or Rodes) is a Greek island Kos or Cos ( Greek: Κως Turkish: İstanköy; Italian: Coo formerly Stanchio in English is a Greek Doris ( Greek:) was a small region of ancient Asia Minor inhabited by Dorians; the territory is now in modern-day Turkey. About the same time they founded upon the coast of Caria the towns of Cnidus and Halicarnassus: these two towns, together with Cos and the three Rhodian towns of Lindus, Ialysus, and Camirus, formed a confederation usually called the Doric Hexapolis. Municipalities of Caria Cramer's detailed catalog of Carian towns in Classical Greece is based entirely on ancient sources Cnidus or Knidos ( Greek: Κνίδος /Knidos at the modern-day locality called Tekir in Turkey) was an ancient Greek Halicarnassus (Άλικαρνᾱσσός &mdash Halikarnassós or Ἁλικαρνασσός &mdash Alikarnassós Halikarnas modern Lindos (in Greek, Λίνδος) is a town and an archaeological site on the east coast of the Greek Island of Rhodes Ialysos ( Greek: Ιαλυσός also known as Trianta, is the second-largest town on the island of Rhodes (Ρόδος Rhodos) in Greece Kameiros (Κάμειρος was a city on the island of Rhodes, Greece, lying on a Peninsula on the northwest coast of the island The doric hexapolis or Dorian Hexapolis was a federation of six cities of Dorian foundation and included Kos, on the Island The members of this hexapolis were accustomed to celebrate a festival, with games, on the Triopian promontory near Cnidus, in honour of the Triopian Apollo; the prizes in those games were brazen tripods, which the victors had to dedicate in the temple of Apollo; and Halicarnassus was struck out of the league, because one of her citizens carried the tripod to his own house instead of leaving it in the temple. The hexapolis thus became a pentapolis. (Herod. i. 144. )
The Doric colonies founded numerous further colonies in historic times. Corinth, the chief commercial city of the Dorians, colonised Corcyra, and planted several colonies on the western coast of Greece, of which Ambracia, Anactorium, Leucas, and Apollonia were the most important. Corfu (Κέρκυρα Kérkyra, ˈkʲe̞ɾkʲiɾa Κέρκυρα or Κόρκυρα Corcyra Corfù is a Greek island in the Ionian Sea Ambracia, occasionally Ampracia ( Greek: ancient Ἀμπρακία modern Αμβρακία was an ancient Corinthian colony situated about 7 miles from Anaktorio (Ανακτορίο is a municipality in Aetolia-Acarnania, Greece. Lefkada, or Leucas (Λευκάδα le̞fˈkaða Ancient Greek and Katharevousa: Λευκάς Leukás; Santa Maura is a Greek Epidamnus, further north, was also a Doric colony, being founded by the Corcyraeans. In Sicily we find several powerful Doric cities: Syracuse, founded by Corinth; the Hyblaean Megara, by Megara; Gela, by Rhodians and Cretans; Zancle, subsequently peopled by Messenians, and hence called Messene; Agrigentum, founded by Gela; and Selinus, by the Hyblaean Megara. Sicily ( Italian and Sicilian: Sicilia) is an autonomous region of Italy. Syracuse (Siracusa Sicilian: Sarausa, Classical Greek: / transliterated Syrakousai) is a historic City in Megara Hyblaea ( Greek:) &ndash perhaps identical with Hybla Major &ndash is the name of an ancient Greek colony in Sicily, situated near for the village in Tibet China see Gela Tibet Gela is a town in the Province of Caltanissetta in the south of Sicily, Agrigento ( Girgenti in Sicilian) is a city on the southern coast of Sicily, Italy, and capital of the Province of Agrigento Selinunte ( Greek:; Latin: Selinus) is an ancient Greek archaeological site situated on the south coast of Sicily between In southern Italy there was the great Doric city of Tarentum, founded by the Lacedaemonians. Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest Not to be confused with Toronto. Taranto ( Ancient Greek: Tarās; Modern Greek: Tarantas) is a coastal city in In the eastern seas there were also several Doric cities: Potidaea, in the peninsula of Chalcidice, founded by Corinth; and Selymbria, Chalcedon, and Byzantium, all three founded by Megara. Potidaea ( Greek: Ποτίδαια Potidaia, modern transliteration Potidea) was a Colony founded by the Corinthians around 600 Chalkidiki, also Halkidiki or Chalcidice, less often Khalkidiki and rarely Chalkidice (Χαλκιδική xalkʲiðiˈkʲi is one of the Silivri is a district of Istanbul along the Sea of Marmara in Turkey, used mainly as holiday and weekend homes for residents of the city For the Ecumenical Council of 451 see Council of Chalcedon; For the religious/political organization see Chalcedon Foundation. This article is about the city See also Byzantine Empire. Byzantium ( Greek: Βυζάντιον Latin: la BYZANTIVM
In the invasion of Xerxes, Doris submitted to the Persians, and consequently its towns were spared. (Herod. viii. 31. ) Subsequently, as we have already seen, they were assisted by the Lacedaemonians, when attacked by the more powerful Phocians and neighbouring tribes. (Thuc. i. 107, iii. 92. ) Their towns suffered much in the Phocian, Aetolian, and Macedonian wars, so that it was a wonder to Strabo that any trace of them was left in the Roman times. The Roman Empire was the post-Republican phase of the ancient Roman civilization, characterised by an autocratic form of government and large territorial (Strab. ix. p. 427. ) The towns continued to be mentioned by Pliny (iv. Gaius or Caius Plinius Secundus, ( AD 23 – August 25, AD 79 better known as Pliny the Elder, was an ancient Author 7. s. 13; comp. Müller Dorians, book i. c. 2; Leake, Northern Greece, vol. ii. p. 90, seq. ).
References
- This article incorporates text from the public domain Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography by William Smith (1856). The public domain is a range of abstract materials &ndash commonly referred to as Intellectual property &ndash which are not owned or controlled by anyone The Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography, first published in 1854, was the last of a series of classical dictionaries edited by the English scholar Sir William Smith (1813 &ndash 1893 English Lexicographer, was born at Enfield in 1813 of Nonconformist parents
Dapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic