- See also: Donation of Constantine
The "Donation of Pepin" in 756 provided a legal basis for the erection of the Papal States, which extended papal temporal rule beyond the traditional diocese and duchy of Rome. The Donation of Constantine ( Latin, Donatio Constantini) is a forged Roman imperial edict devised probably between 750 and 775, the The Papal States, State(s of the Church or Pontifical States (in Italian Stato Ecclesiastico, Stato della Chiesa, Stati della Chiesa The temporal power of the Popes is the political and governmental activity of the Popes of the Roman Catholic Church, as distinguished from their spiritual
In 728, Liutprand, king of the Lombards, reached an agreement at Sutri with Pope Gregory II giving to the Papacy the fortified hilltown of Sutri on the Via Cassia and some other fortified sites in Latium. Liutprand was the king of the Lombards from 712 to 744 and is chiefly remembered for his Donation of Sutri, in 728 and his long reign which brought him into a series Sutri is a town in the Province of Viterbo, about 50 km from Rome. Pope The Via Cassia was an important Roman road striking out of the Via Flaminia near the Milvian Bridge in the immediate vicinity of Rome and passing Latium was a region of ancient Italy, home to the original Latin people. This "Donation of Sutri" marked the historic foundation of the Papal States. The Donation of Sutri was an agreement reached at Sutri by Liutprand King of the Lombards and Pope Gregory II in 728.
In 751 the Lombards under their king Aistulf had conquered the Exarchate of Ravenna, the main seat of Byzantine government in Italy, whose Patriarch held territorial power as the representative of the Eastern Roman emperor, independent of the Pope. The Lombards ( Latin Langobardi, whence the alternative names Langobards and Longobards) were a Germanic people originally from Aistulf (749 - d756 was the Duke of Friuli from 744 king of Lombards from 749 and duke of Spoleto from 751 The Exarchate of Ravenna or of Italy was a centre of Byzantine power in Italy, from the end of the 6th century to 751, when the The Lombard Duke of Spoleto and the Lombard kings posed a threat to Roman territory, and Aistulf demanded tribute from the able diplomat, Pope Zachary, who had successfully temporized with his predecessors. The independent Duchy of Spoleto was a Lombard territory founded about 570 in Central Italy by the Lombard Dux Faroald. Zachary died in March 752, and after the death of Pope-elect Stephen three days after his election in March 752, the eventual successor, Pope Stephen II, went to meet Pepin at Quiercy-sur-Loire in 753, the first time a pope had crossed into Gaul, taking with him the recent forgery, the "Donation of Constantine," which purported to justify the bishop of Rome's territorial powers. Stephen was a priest of Rome elected Pope in March of 752 to succeed St In sources prior to the 1960s this pope is sometimes called Stephen III and Pope-elect Stephen is sometimes called Stephen II. The Donation of Constantine ( Latin, Donatio Constantini) is a forged Roman imperial edict devised probably between 750 and 775, the There he presented a copy to the new king of the Franks, Pepin the Short, who had been crowned at Soissons with Zachary's blessing. The Franks or Frankish people (Franci or gens Francorum) were West Germanic tribes first identified in the 3rd century as an Ethnic group Pepin or Pippin (714 &ndash 24 September 768) called the Short, and often known as Pepin the Younger or Pepin III, was Soissons is a commune in the Aisne department in Picardie in northern France, located on the Aisne River, about 100 At Quiercy the Frankish nobles finally gave their consent to a campaign in Lombardy. Roman Catholic tradition asserts that then and there Pepin executed in writing a promise to give to the Church certain territories that were not yet in fact Pepin's to give. No actual document has been preserved, but later 8th century sources quote from it.
Stephen now anointed Pepin at Saint-Denis in a memorable ceremony that was recalled in coronation rites of French kings until the end of the ancien regime. The Basilica of Saint Denis ( French: Basilique de Saint-Denis, or simply Basilique Saint-Denis) is the burial site of almost all the French A coronation is a ceremony marking the investiture of a Monarch with regal power specifically involving the placement of a crown upon his or her head and the Ancien Régime ( pronounced: /ɑ̃sjɛ̃ ʁeʒim/ refers primarily to the aristocratic social and political system established in
In return, in 756, Pepin and his Frankish army forced the last Lombard king to surrender his conquests, and Pepin officially conferred upon the pope the territories belonging to Ravenna, even cities such as Forlì with their hinterlands, laying the Donation of Pepin upon the tomb of Saint Peter, according to traditional later accounts. Forlì ( Latin: Forum Livii) is a Comune and city in Emilia-Romagna, Italy famed as the birthplace of the great painter Melozzo da Forlì The gift included Lombard conquests in the Romagna and in the duchies of Spoleto and Benevento, and the Pentapolis in the Marche (the "five cities" of Rimini, Pesaro, Fano, Senigallia and Ancona). Romagna is an Italian historical region that approximately corresponds to the south-eastern portion of present-day Emilia-Romagna. For the festival in South Carolina see Spoleto Festival USA. Spoleto ( Latin Spoletium) is an ancient city in the Benevento is a town and Comune of Campania, Italy, capital of the Province of Benevento, 50 km northeast of Naples. A pentapolis, from the Greek words penta 'five' and Polis 'city(-state' is geographic and/or institutional grouping of five cities The Marche (plural originally from le marche de Ancona, referring to the March of Ancona) is one of the 20 Regions of Italy. Rimini is a city in the Emilia-Romagna region of Italy and capital city of the Province of Rimini. Pesaro is a town and Comune in the Italian region of the Marche, capital of the Pesaro e Urbino province, on the Adriatic. This article is about the Italian town For the Danish island see Fanø. Senigallia or Sinigaglia is a Comune and port town on Italy 's Adriatic coast 25 km by rail north of Ancona in the Marche region Ancona (Ankon is a city and a seaport in the Marche, a region of central Italy, population 101909 (2005 For the first time, the Donation made the pope a temporal ruler over a strip of territory that extended diagonally across Italy from the Tyrrhenian to the Adriatic. The Tyrrhenian Sea (Mar Tirreno is part of the Mediterranean Sea off of the western coast of Italy. Over these extensive and mountainous territories the medieval popes were unable to exercise effective sovereignty, given the pressures of the times, and the new Papal States preserved the old Lombard heritage of many small counties and marquisates, each centered upon a fortified rocca. Throughout Italy the rocca of a small town is the high fortifiable stronghold the "rock" beneath or on which the village or town clustered within which
Pepin confirmed his Donation in Rome in 756, and in 774 Charlemagne confirmed the donation of his father. Charlemagne (ˈʃɑrlɨmeɪn Carolus Magnus or Karolus Magnus meaning Charles the Great) (747 – 28 January 814 was King of the Franks from 768 to his
External links
- Catholic Encyclopedia: Papal States, section 3: Collapse of the Byzantine Power in Central Italy
- Medieval Sourcebook: Annals of Lorsch
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