The Don Army was part of the White movement of the Russian Civil War, operating from 1917 to 1919, in the Don region and centered in the town of Novocherkassk. The White movement (Beloie Dvijenie Белое движение whose military arm is known as the White Army (Belaia Armia Белая Армия or White Guard The Russian Civil War (1917–1923 was a multi-party war that occurred within the former Russian Empire after the Russian provisional government collapsed Year 1917 ( MCMXVII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Year 1919 ( MCMXIX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The Don (Дон is one of the major rivers of Russia. It rises in the town of Novomoskovsk 60 Kilometres southeast from Tula, southeast Novocherkassk (Новочерка́сск is a city in Rostov Oblast, Russia, located on the right bank of the Tuzlov River and on
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History
After the October Revolution in 1917, a civil war broke out between the "Red" and "White" Don Cossacks. The October Revolution (Октябрьская революция Oktyabrskaya revolyutsiya) also known as the Soviet Revolution Year 1917 ( MCMXVII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Don Cossacks (Донские казаки were Cossacks who settled along the middle and lower Don.
In Novocherkassk, an assembly of Cossacks, the Krug, elected Alexei Kaledin as the first independent ataman sinces the days of Peter the Great. Ataman (variants wataman, vataman, otaman, Cyrillic: атаман (Russian ватаман (Russian regional отаман (Ukrainian was They refused to recognise the Bolshevik government and declared themselves protectors of Russia. The Bolsheviks, originally also Bolshevists ( Большевик Большевист (singular, derived from bolshe, "more" were a faction
On December 2nd (old style calendar), Kaledin's Cossacks seized Rostov-on-Don, driving out the Bolshevik authorities and setting up a government headed by Mitrofan Petrovich Bogayevsky. The Julian calendar, a reform of the Roman calendar, was introduced by Julius Caesar in 46 BC and came into force in 45 BC (709 Ab urbe condita Rostov-on-Don (Росто́в-на-Дону́ Rostov-na-Donu rɐ'stof nə dɐ'nu is the city and the administrative center of Rostov Oblast and the
The Bolshevik resistance, centered in the Kamenskaya stanitsa, was joined by an army sent by Moscow. Stanitsa (стани́ца pronounced stah-nee-tsah; станиця stanytsia) is a village inside a Cossack host (voisko (ru казачье Moscow (Москва́ romanised: Moskvá, IPA: see also other names) is the Capital and the largest city of
Kaledin, feeling powerless to oppose the Bolsheviks, shot himself on January 29th, 1918. He was replaced by major-general Anatoly Mikhailovich Nazarov. Nazarov (Назаров or Nazarova (feminine Назарова is a Russian last name and may refer to Alexander Nazarov (1925-1945 Nazarov requested help from the Volunteer Army, but was refused it. For the British Volunteer Army see Volunteer Army (British. For voluntary military service see Volunteer military. His resignation was turned down by the krug, who insisted that he fulfill his duty as a 'true son of the Quiet Don'[1]. He decided to end the civil war by capitulating to the Bolsheviks and met with the the Red representative, Sablin. Sablin refused to recognise the authority of the Ataman and declared that the Cossacks should be destroyed. In the evening of February 1918, a detachment of the Red Army, under Lt. The Red Army ( Russian: Рабоче-Крестьянская Красная Армия R aboche- K rest'yanskaya K rasnaya A rmiya N. M. Golubov, broke up a meeting of the krug, arresting Nazarov and the chairman, Voloshinov. They were shot without trial on March 3rd. A policy of Red Terror was carried out along the Don. The Red Terror in Soviet Russia was the campaign of mass arrests and Executions conducted by the Bolshevik government
Several stanitsas revolted and formed a new Don army. On May 12th, a special krug (the krug for the salvation of the Don) declared the old rights and uniforms restored and declared war upon the Bolsheviks. Pyotr Krasnov, a talented soldier and writer, was elected as the new Ataman. Pyotr Nikolayevich Krasnov ( Петр Николаевич Краснов in Russian) ( September 22 (10 old style) 1869 — January 17
In the Summer and Fall of 1918, the White Don Army controlled the Don territory, severed Red Army communications between Moscow and the Caucasus (allowing the White Volunteer Army to defeat the Red Army of the Northern Caucasus) and threatened Red Army positions at Tsaritsyn and Voronezh, as well as Rostov-na-Donu. Year 1918 ( MCMXVIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The White movement (Beloie Dvijenie Белое движение whose military arm is known as the White Army (Belaia Armia Белая Армия or White Guard The Red Army ( Russian: Рабоче-Крестьянская Красная Армия R aboche- K rest'yanskaya K rasnaya A rmiya Moscow (Москва́ romanised: Moskvá, IPA: see also other names) is the Capital and the largest city of The Caucasus ( also referred to as North Caucasus) is a geopolitical region located between Europe Asia & Middle East The White movement (Beloie Dvijenie Белое движение whose military arm is known as the White Army (Belaia Armia Белая Армия or White Guard For the British Volunteer Army see Volunteer Army (British. For voluntary military service see Volunteer military. The Red Army ( Russian: Рабоче-Крестьянская Красная Армия R aboche- K rest'yanskaya K rasnaya A rmiya The Caucasus ( also referred to as North Caucasus) is a geopolitical region located between Europe Asia & Middle East The Red Army ( Russian: Рабоче-Крестьянская Красная Армия R aboche- K rest'yanskaya K rasnaya A rmiya Voronezh (Воро́неж) is a large city in southwestern Russia not far from Ukraine. Rostov-on-Don (Росто́в-на-Дону́ Rostov-na-Donu rɐ'stof nə dɐ'nu is the city and the administrative center of Rostov Oblast and the
Much of the Upper Don region, in 1918, had defected to the Bolsheviks, but as a result of the Red Terror, in 1919, rose up in arms against them, in what was known as the Veshenskaya Uprising. The Bolsheviks, originally also Bolshevists ( Большевик Большевист (singular, derived from bolshe, "more" were a faction The Red Terror in Soviet Russia was the campaign of mass arrests and Executions conducted by the Bolshevik government Year 1919 ( MCMXIX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Veshenskaya, or Vyoshenskaya (Вёшенская colloquially known as Vyoshki is a Cossack Stanitsa (town in the northern or upper Don The main leaders were Pavel Nazarovich Kudinov and Kharlampii Yermakov. They joined forces with the Don Army centered in Novocherkassk, which was commanded by Ataman Afrikan Bogaevsky. Novocherkassk (Новочерка́сск is a city in Rostov Oblast, Russia, located on the right bank of the Tuzlov River and on Ataman (variants wataman, vataman, otaman, Cyrillic: атаман (Russian ватаман (Russian regional отаман (Ukrainian was These events form an important part of Mikhail Sholokhov's epic, And Quiet Flows the Don. Michail Aleksandrovich Sholokhov ( Russian: Михаи́л Алекса́ндрович Шо́лохов mʲɪxɐˈil əlʲɪˈksandrəvʲɪtɕ ˈʂoləxəf ( – And Quiet Flows the Don or Quietly Flows the Don (1934 is the first part of the great Don epic ( Tikhii Don / Тихий Indeed, for a long time, Kudinov and Yermakov, who appear in the novel, were considered as fictional by the general public.
In the Winter of 1918-1919, the Red Southern Front, including their Group Kozhevnikov, 8th Army, 9th Army, and 10th Army, counterattacked the Don Army and regained control of the area northeast of the Donets and Manych rivers. The Red Army ( Russian: Рабоче-Крестьянская Красная Армия R aboche- K rest'yanskaya K rasnaya A rmiya The river Seversky Donets (Северский Донец Сіверський Донець alternatively Donetz) flows into the Don River Russia Manych (Маныч is a River in southern Russia, tributary to the river Don.
Many Don Cossacks also participated in Kornilov's infamous Ice March. The Ice March (Russian Ледяной поход also called the First Kuban Campaign (Russian Первый кубанский поход a military withdrawal
The Don army was often divided and plagued with indesiciveness, many of the Cossacks not wishing to fight beyond their own territory.
In popular culture
The events of those years, especially those centered in the Upper Don, as well as events leading up to them, are the focus of Mikhail Sholokhov's epic, And Quiet Flows the Don. Michail Aleksandrovich Sholokhov ( Russian: Михаи́л Алекса́ндрович Шо́лохов mʲɪxɐˈil əlʲɪˈksandrəvʲɪtɕ ˈʂoləxəf ( – And Quiet Flows the Don or Quietly Flows the Don (1934 is the first part of the great Don epic ( Tikhii Don / Тихий
See also
References
- ^ Astapenko, pg. Don Cossacks (Донские казаки were Cossacks who settled along the middle and lower Don. Lavr Georgiyevich Kornilov ( Russian: Лавр Гео́ргиевич Корни́лов ( August 18, 1870 &ndash April 13, 1918 Pyotr Nikolayevich Krasnov ( Петр Николаевич Краснов in Russian) ( September 22 (10 old style) 1869 — January 17 For the British Volunteer Army see Volunteer Army (British. For voluntary military service see Volunteer military. The White movement (Beloie Dvijenie Белое движение whose military arm is known as the White Army (Belaia Armia Белая Армия or White Guard 574
- "Istoriya Donskogo Kazachestva; s drevnejshikh vremyon do 1920" (The history of the Don Cossack Host; from ancient times until 1920) M. P. Astapenko.
External links
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