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For other uses, see Dome (disambiguation).
Gol Gumbaz, tomb of Adil Shahi, Bijapur, India is second largest dome in the world.
Gol Gumbaz, tomb of Adil Shahi, Bijapur, India is second largest dome in the world. Gol Gumbaz (ಗೋಲ ಗುಮ್ಮಟ is the Mausoleum of Mohammed Adil Shah ( 1627 - 57) of the Adil Shahi dynasty of Indian The Adil Shahi or Adilshahi dynasty ruled the Sultanate of Bijapur in the Western area of the Deccan region of Southern India from 1490 India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country
The interior dome of the Selimiye Mosque in Edirne
The interior dome of the Selimiye Mosque in Edirne

A dome is a common structural element of architecture that resembles the hollow upper half of a sphere. The Selimiye Mosque ( Turkish: Selimiye Camii) is a Mosque in the city of Edirne, Turkey. Edirne (anc Hadrianopolis; Greek Adrianople; Slavic/Bulgarian Одрин, see also its other names) is a city in Thrace, the westernmost The term architecture (from Greek αρχιτεκτονικήarchitektoniki) can be used to mean a process a profession or documentation "Globose" redirects here See also Globose nucleus. A sphere (from Greek σφαίρα - sphaira, "globe

Contents

Description

The interior dome of the Santa Maria del Fiore in Florence
The interior dome of the Santa Maria del Fiore in Florence

Domes do not have to be perfectly spherical in cross-section, however; a section through a dome may be an ellipse. The Basilica di Santa Maria del Fiore is the Cathedral church ( Duomo) of Florence, Italy. Florence ( Italian: Firenze Florentia and Fiorenza) is the Capital City of the Italian region of Tuscany In Mathematics, an ellipse (from the Greek ἔλλειψις literally absence) is a Conic section, the locus of points in a If the baseline is taken parallel to the shorter of an ellipse's two diameters, a tall dome results, giving a sense of upward reach. Geometry, a diameter of a Circle is any straight Line segment that passes through the center of the circle and whose Endpoints are on the A section across the longer axis results in a low dome, capping the volume instead. A very low dome is classified as a saucer dome. All the surfaces of any dome are curved. A spectacular innovation, one that is at the heart of Baroque style, is the oval dome, which gives axial direction and movement to the space beneath it. Baroque art redirects here Please disambiguate such links to Baroque painting, Baroque sculpture, etc Though the oval dome is typically identified with churches of Bernini and Borromini, the first oval dome was erected by Vignola for a small chapel, Sant'Andrea in Via Flaminia often called Sant'Andrea del Vignola. "Bernini" redirects here For people named Bernini see Bernini (surname. Francesco Borromini, byname of Francesco Castelli (b Bissone, Ticino, September 25, 1599; Rome, August 3, Giacomo (or Jacopo) Barozzi (or Barocchio) da Vignola, often simply called Vignola ( October 1 1507 - July Sant'Andrea in Via Flaminia is a church in Rome, also known from its famous Architect, as Sant'Andrea del Vignola. Julius III commissioned the dome in 1552 and construction finished the following year. Pope Julius III ( September 10, 1487 &ndash March 23, 1555) born Giovanni Maria Ciocchi del Monte, was Pope from [1] The largest oval dome was built in the basilica of Vicoforte by Francesco Gallo. Vicoforte is a commune in the Province of Cuneo in Italy. it is located in Val Corsaglia above Sea level 32 km east of Cuneo and 6

Domes that have been disproportionately influential in later architecture are those of the Great Stupa in Sanchi (actually, a solid mound with stone facing), the Pantheon in Rome, Hagia Sophia in Istanbul (or in that time Constantinople), and the Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem. Sanchi is a small Village in Raisen District of India, it is located 46 km north east of Bhopal, and 10 km from Besnagar and The Pantheon ( Latin Pantheon, from Greek Πάνθειον Pantheon, meaning "Temple of all the gods" is a building in Rome Hagia Sophia (Ayasofya Αγία Σοφία " Holy Wisdom " Sancta Sophia or Sancta Sapientia) is a former patriarchal Basilica, later The Dome of the Rock ( Arabic: مسجد قبة الصخرة translit In Western architecture, the most influential domes built since the Renaissance have been those of St. Peter's Basilica in Rome and Jules Hardouin-Mansart's dome at Les Invalides in Paris. The Basilica of Saint Peter (Basilica Sancti Petri officially known in Italian as the Basilica di San Pietro in Vaticano and commonly known as St Jules Hardouin-Mansart (Paris April 16, 1646 &ndash Marly-le-Roi, France May 11, 1708) was a French Architect whose Les Invalides in Paris, France, is a complex of buildings in the city's 7th arrondissement containing Museums and monuments all relating The dome of St. Paul's Cathedral in London was the inspiration for the United States Capitol in Washington, which in turn inspired domes of most of the US state capitols. St Paul's Cathedral, is the Anglican Cathedral on Ludgate Hill, in the City of London, and the seat of the Bishop of London.

A cathedral is often referred to as a duomo in Italian or "dom" in German. Duomo is a generic Italian term for a Cathedral church The formal word for a church that is presently a cathedral is cattedrale; a This is not because so many are crowned with crossing domes over the space where transepts intersect the nave, but instead stemming from the Latin noun "domus", house, or in this case the "domus dei", the house of God. A crossing, in ecclesiastical architecture, is the junction of the four arms of a Cruciform (cross-shaped church Full descriptions of the elements of a Gothic floorplan are found at the entry Cathedral diagram. A dome is a mark of palatial ambitions whenever it is seen crowning a residence. The first residential domes were seen in Nero's Domus Aurea that covered the slope of the Palatine Hill, built after the Great Fire of Rome of AD 64 with a lavishness that scandalized the senatorial class. The Domus Aurea ( Latin for "Golden House" was a large landscaped portico Villa, designed to take advantage of artificially created landscapes

In the 20th century, thin "eggshell" domes of pre-stressed concrete by architect-engineers such as Nervi opened new directions in fluid vaulted spaces enclosed beneath freeform domed space which now might be supported merely at points rather than in the traditional constricting ring. Pier Luigi Nervi ( June 21, 1891 - January 9, 1979) was an Italian Engineer and Architect.

A compound dome (red) with pendentives (yellow) from a sphere of greater radius than the dome.
A compound dome (red) with pendentives (yellow) from a sphere of greater radius than the dome.
Pendentive in the Hagia Sophia.
Pendentive in the Hagia Sophia. Hagia Sophia (Ayasofya Αγία Σοφία " Holy Wisdom " Sancta Sophia or Sancta Sapientia) is a former patriarchal Basilica, later
Famous Dome of Masjid al-Nabawi
Famous Dome of Masjid al-Nabawi

Characteristics

A dome can be thought of as an arch which has been rotated around its vertical axis. The Mosque of the Prophet (or Prophet's Mosque) ( Arabic: المسجد النبوي) /mæsʤıd ænːæbæwı in Medina, is the second holiest An arch is a structure that spans a space while supporting weight (e As such, domes have a great deal of structural strength. A small dome can be constructed of ordinary masonry, held together by friction and compressive forces. Masonry is the building of structures from individual units laid in and bound together by mortar, and the term "masonry" can also refer to the units themselves Larger domes built after Brunelleschi's dome that triumphantly spanned the crossing of Santa Maria del Fiore, the duomo of Florence, have all been built as double domes, with inner and outer shells. Filippo Brunelleschi (1377 – April 15, 1446) was one of the foremost architects and engineers of the Italian Renaissance. The Basilica di Santa Maria del Fiore is the Cathedral church ( Duomo) of Florence, Italy.

Interior of the dome, San Francisco City Hall.
Interior of the dome, San Francisco City Hall. The City Hall of San Francisco, California opened in 1915 in its open space area in the city's Civic Center, is a Beaux-Arts monument to the brief "

A dome can sit directly on a circular base, however, this is not possible if the base is square. The concave triangular or trapezoidal sections of vaulting that provide the transition between a dome and the square base on which it is set and transfer the weight of the dome are called pendentives. A pendentive is a constructive device permitting the placing of a circular Dome over a square room or an elliptical Dome over a rectangular room (A less sophisticated version of a pendentive is a squinch. A squinch in architecture is a piece of construction used for filling in the upper angles of a square room so as to form a proper base to receive an Octagonal or spherical ) Under the dome illustrated at left, the pendentives bear circular medallions in bas relief. A pendentive is a constructive device permitting the placing of a circular dome over a square room or an elliptical dome over a rectangular room. The pendentives, which are triangular segments of a sphere, taper to points at the bottom and spread at the top to establish the continuous circular or elliptical base needed for the dome. In masonry the pendentives thus receive the weight of the dome, concentrating it at the four corners where it can be received by the piers beneath. Prior to the pendentive's development, the device of corbelling or the use of the squinch in the corners of a room had been employed. In Architecture a corbel (or console) is a piece of stone jutting out of a wall to carry any superincumbent weight A squinch in architecture is a piece of construction used for filling in the upper angles of a square room so as to form a proper base to receive an Octagonal or spherical The first attempts at pendentives were made by the Romans, but full achievement of the form was reached only by the Byzantines in Hagia Sophia at Constantinople (6th cent. Ancient Rome was a Civilization that grew out of a small agricultural community founded on the Italian Peninsula as early as the 10th century BC Hagia Sophia (Ayasofya Αγία Σοφία " Holy Wisdom " Sancta Sophia or Sancta Sapientia) is a former patriarchal Basilica, later Constantinople (Κωνσταντινούπολις Konstantinoúpolis, or gr ἡ Πόλις hē Polis, Latin: la CONSTANTINOPOLIS ). In the simple dome the pendentives are part of the same sphere as the dome itself, however such domes are rare. [2] In the more common compound dome the pendentives are part of the surface of a sphere of larger radius than the dome itself but whose center is at a point lower than that of the dome. Another alternative is for a drum to be inserted between the dome and pendentives. Pendentives were commonly used in Byzantine, Renaissance and baroque churches. Byzantine architecture is the Architecture of the Byzantine Empire. The Renaissance (from French Renaissance, meaning "rebirth" Italian: Rinascimento, from re- "again" and nascere Baroque art redirects here Please disambiguate such links to Baroque painting, Baroque sculpture, etc

Dome of the former Church of Saints Sergius and Bacchus(today mosque of Little Hagia Sophia) in Istanbul
Dome of the former Church of Saints Sergius and Bacchus(today mosque of Little Hagia Sophia) in Istanbul

A half-dome forms the head of an exedra or its smaller version, a niche. Istanbul (historically Byzantium and later Constantinople; see the other Names of Istanbul) is the largest city of Turkey In Architecture, an exedra is a semicircular recess often crowned by a half- Dome, which is usually set into a building's facade The niche in classical architecture is an Exedra or an Apse that has been reduced in size retaining the half-dome heading usual for an apse In Late Antiquity, the exedra developed into the apse, with separate developments in Romanesque and Byzantine practice. APSE standing for Ada Programming Support Environment is a program or set of programs to support Software development in the Ada programming language. Regional characteristics of Romanesque architecture|Romanesque art Romanesque architecture is the term that is used to describe the architecture of Middle Ages Europe which Byzantine architecture is the Architecture of the Byzantine Empire.

Many domes are topped by a lantern, a structure with openings (or windows) to admit light in the cupola. In Architecture, a cupola or lantern is a radially symmetrical ornamental structure (often dome-shaped or quadrilateral located on top of a larger

Many sports stadiums are domed, especially in climates that have widely-variable summer and winter weather. A modern stadium (plural stadiums or stadia in English is a place or venue for (mostly outdoor Sports Concerts or other events consisting The first such stadium was the Astrodome in Houston, Texas. For the aeronautical use see Astrodome (aviation Reliant Astrodome, also known as the Houston Astrodome or simply the Astrodome A major improvement to the domed stadium was accomplished with the construction of SkyDome, now Rogers Centre, in Toronto, Ontario, the first domed stadium with a retractable roof. SkyDome redirects here for other uses see SkyDome (disambiguation Toronto (təˈrɒntoʊ colloquially pronounced or) is the largest city in Canada and is the provincial capital of Ontario Ontario (ɒnˈtɛrioʊ is a province located in the central part of Canada, the largest by population and second largest after Quebec

Gandon's Four Courts, Dublin, with a saucer dome.
Gandon's Four Courts, Dublin, with a saucer dome. James Gandon (1743 &ndash 1823 is today recognised as one of the leading architects to have worked in Ireland in the late 18th century and early 19th century The Four Courts (Na Ceithre Cúirteanna in Dublin is the Republic of Ireland 's main courts building

Saucer dome

The dome of Imam Reza holy shrine, covered with gold-coated bricks, (built:1333 AD), Mashhad, Iran.
The dome of Imam Reza holy shrine, covered with gold-coated bricks, (built:1333 AD), Mashhad, Iran. Ali ibn Musa al-Rida ( علي بن موسى الرضا) (Commonly known as Ali ar-Ridha Ali Reza (Eleventh of Dhu al-Qi'dah, 148 AH – Seventeenth of Mashhad ( literally the place of martyrdom) is the second largest city in Iran and one of the holiest cities in the Shia For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Iran topics.

A saucer dome is the architectural term used for a low pitched shallow dome which is described geometrically as having a circular base and a segmental (less than a semicircle) section. A section across the longer axis results in a low dome, capping the volume. A very low dome is a saucer dome. Many of the largest existing domes are of this shape.

Gaining in popularity from the 18th century onwards, the saucer dome is often a feature of interior design. When viewed from below it resembles the shallow concave shape of a saucer. A saucer is a small type of Dishware specifically for use with and for supporting a cup - a cylindrical cup intended for coffee or a half-sphere Teacup The dome itself, being often contained in the space between ceiling and attic, is invisible externally. A ceiling is an overhead interior surface that bounds the upper limit of a room. An attic is a space found directly below the pitched Roof of a house or other building (also called garret, Loft or These domes are usually decorated internally by ornate plaster-work, occasionally they are frescoed. The term plaster can refer to plaster of Paris Lime plaster, or Cement plaster. Fresco (plural either frescos or frescoes) is any of several related Painting types done on Plaster on walls or

They are seen occasionally externally in Byzantine churches and mosques. Byzantine architecture is the Architecture of the Byzantine Empire. A "mosque" in English refers to all types of buildings dedicated for Islamic worship although there is a distinction in Arabic between the smaller privately owned mosque and the larger Most of the mosques in India, Pakistan, Iran and Afghanistan have these type of domes. A "mosque" in English refers to all types of buildings dedicated for Islamic worship although there is a distinction in Arabic between the smaller privately owned mosque and the larger India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country Pakistan () officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country located in South Asia, Southwest Asia, Middle East and For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Iran topics. Afghanistan /æfˈgænɪstæn/ officially the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan ( Pashto: د افغانستان اسلامي جمهوریت,

St. Basil's Cathedral, with onion domes.
St. Basil's Cathedral, with onion domes. The Cathedral of Intercession of the Virgin on the Moat (Собор Покрова что на Рву - The Cathedral of the Protection of the Mother of God, or simply

Onion dome

Main article: Onion dome

The onion dome resembles more than half of a sphere, exemplified by Saint Basil's Cathedral in Moscow and the Taj Mahal. An onion dome (Russian луковичная глава lúkovichnaya glava) is a type of unioform architectural Dome seen across Eastern Europe and often associated The Cathedral of Intercession of the Virgin on the Moat (Собор Покрова что на Рву - The Cathedral of the Protection of the Mother of God, or simply Moscow (Москва́ romanised: Moskvá, IPA: see also other names) is the Capital and the largest city of The Taj Mahal (tɑdʒ They are found mostly in eastern architecture, particularly in Russia, Turkey, India, and the Middle East. Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending Turkey (Türkiye known officially as the Republic of Turkey ( is a Eurasian Country that stretches India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country The Middle East is a Subcontinent with no clear boundaries often used as a synonym to Near East, in opposition to Far East. An onion dome is a type of architectural dome usually associated with Russian Orthodox churches. Such a dome is larger in diameter than the drum it is set upon and its height usually exceeds its width. These bulbous structures taper smoothly to a point, and strongly resemble the onion, after which they are named.

Domes in buildings of worship

Domes also play a very important part in places of worship where they can represent and symbolise different aspects of the religion. Eastern orthodox churches, for example, have domes which represent heaven. The dome's purpose is to remind people that to gain God's blessing it is necessary to accept salvation through Christ. Domes can also be found in Islamic places of worship, called mosques. A "mosque" in English refers to all types of buildings dedicated for Islamic worship although there is a distinction in Arabic between the smaller privately owned mosque and the larger In an orthodox church the domes have pictures of Jesus whereas in Islam it is forbidden during worship. Instead, mosques have decorations and patterns on the domes. The domes are tradition in Islam, and another reason for domes is so that the building can be distinguished and others can see where it is even from far.

Cupola

Main article: Cupola

A cupola is a dome-shaped ornamental structure located on top of a larger roof or dome, often used as a lookout or to admit light and provide ventilation. In Architecture, a cupola or lantern is a radially symmetrical ornamental structure (often dome-shaped or quadrilateral located on top of a larger Vietnam roofjpg|thumb|The roofs of Vietnam.]] A roof is the covering on the uppermost part of a Building. The word derives from the lower Latin cupula (classical Latin cupella from the Greek kupellon), small cup, indicating a vault resembling an upside-down cup.

Famous domes

For a list of domes by diameter, see List of world's largest domes. Domes are in architectural terms particularly demanding

Listed in order of their completion:

Famous Domes - Undated

McEwan Hall, Edinburgh, Scotland.

Xanadu House

The Xanadu House was a home that used the concept of domes heavily in its shape and design. The home was one of the first non-indigenous homes to use curved surfaces throughout the exterior and interior.

See also

External links

References

  1. ^ http://roma.katolsk.no/andreavignola.htm
  2. ^ Sir Banister Fletcher, A History of Architecture. 18th ed. London, Athelone Press(1975) ISBN 0-485550-01-6

Dictionary

dome

-noun

  1. A common structural element of architecture that resembles the hollow upper half of a sphere.
  2. Anything shaped like an upset bowl, often used as a cover, e.g. a cake dome.
  3. Slang for head
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