Citizendia
Your Ad Here

Doctrinaires was the name given during the Bourbon Restoration (1814-1830) to the little group of French Royalists who hoped to reconcile the Monarchy with the Revolution, and power with liberty. Following the ousting of Napoleon I of France in 1814 the Allies restored the Bourbon Dynasty to the French throne The History of France from 1789 to 1914 ( The long 19th century) extends from the French Revolution to World War I and includes The term Ultra-Royalists or simply Ultras refers to a Reactionary faction which sat in the French parliament from 1815 A monarchy is a Form of government in which supreme power is actually or nominally lodged in an individual who is the Head of state, often for life or The French Revolution (1789–1799 was a period of political and social upheaval in the History of France, during which the French governmental structure previously an Political power ( Imperium in Latin is a type of power held by a group in a Society which allows administration of some or all of Liberty, the freedom to act or believe without being stopped by unnecessary force Headed by Royer-Collard, these liberal royalists were in favor of a constitutional monarchy but with a heavily restricted census suffrage — Louis XVIII, who had been restored to the throne, had granted a Charter to the French with a Chamber of Peers and a Chamber of deputies elected under tight electoral laws (only around 100,000 Frenchmen had at the time the right to vote). Pierre Paul Royer-Collard ( 21 June 1763 - 2 September 1845) was a French statesman and Philosopher, leader of the Liberalism is a broad array of related ideas and theories of Government that consider individual Liberty to be the most important political goal A constitutional monarchy, or a limited monarchy, is a form of Constitutional Government, wherein either an elected or hereditary Monarch is Suffrage (from the Latin suffragium, meaning "voting tablet" and figuratively "right to vote" probably from suffrago "hough" and originally Louis XVIII (17 November 1755 – 16 September 1824 Louis Stanislas Xavier de France, was a King of France and Navarre. The French Charter of 1814 was a Constitution granted by King Louis XVIII of France shortly after his restoration Peerage of France (Pairie de France was a distinction within the French nobility which appeared in the Middle Ages.

The Doctrinaires first obtained in 1816 the co-operation of Louis XVIII, who had been frightened by the violence of the Ultra-royalists in the Chambre introuvable of 1815. Louis XVIII (17 November 1755 – 16 September 1824 Louis Stanislas Xavier de France, was a King of France and Navarre. The term Ultra-Royalists or simply Ultras refers to a Reactionary faction which sat in the French parliament from 1815 La Chambre introuvable ( French for "Unobtainable Chamber" was the first Chamber of Deputies after the Second Bourbon Restoration (1815-1830 The Ultras, however, quickly came back to government, headed by the comte de Villèle. Jean-Baptiste Guillaume Joseph Marie Anne Séraphin comte de Villèle (14 April 1773 - 13 March 1854 was a French statesman The Doctrinaires were then in the opposition, although they remained quite close to the government, especially to Decazes whom assumed some governmental offices. Élie Decazes 1st duc Decazes and 1st Duke of Glücksbierg (duc Decazes et de Glücksbierg 28 September 1780 - 24 October 1860 was a French Statesman Closer to a reflexion circle than to a political party, the Doctrinaires were opposed on their left by the Republicans and the "Utopian Socialists" (as they were later called by Marx) and on their right by the Ultras. A political party is a Political organization that seeks to attain and maintain political power within Government, usually by participating in electoral Republicanism is the Ideology of governing a nation as a Republic, with an emphasis on Liberty, Rule of law, Popular sovereignty Utopian socialism is a term used to define the first currents of modern socialist thought In Politics, right-wing, the political right, and the Right are positions that uphold traditional values and/or authorities

Finally, the Doctrinaires were destroyed by Charles X, the reactionary successor of his brother Louis XVIII, Charles took the ultra prince de Polignac as his minister. Charles X (9 October 1757 – 6 November 1836 ruled as King of France and Navarre from 20 May 1824 until the French Revolution of 1830, when he abdicated Reactionary (also reactionist) is a derogatory term usually used by the Left wing in regards to movements which oppose radical change in society and seeks a return Jules Auguste Armand Marie Prince de Polignac ( Versailles, 14 May 1780 Paris, 2 March 1847 was a French Statesman. This nomination in part caused the 1830 July Revolution, during which the Doctrinaires became absorbed in the Orléanists, from whom they had never been separated on any ground of principle. The Orléanists were a French Right-wing / Center-right Political faction or party which arose out of the French Revolution According to René Rémond's famous classification of the various right-wing families in France, the Orleanists became the second right-wing tradition to emerge after the Legitimists, a term used to refer to the Ultras after the July Revolution. René Rémond (born September 30, 1918 - April 14 2007) was a French historian and political economist In Politics, right-wing, the political right, and the Right are positions that uphold traditional values and/or authorities Legitimists are Royalists in France who believe that the King of France and Navarre must be chosen according to the simple application of the

Contents

Doctrinaires, a pejorative word quickly reappropriated

The name, as has often been the case with party designations, was at first given in derision and by an enemy. In 1816 the Nain jaune réfugié, a French paper, published at Brussels by Bonapartist and Liberal exiles, began to speak of Royer-Collard as the doctrinaire and also as le Pierre Royer-Collard de la doctrine chrétienne, a name which came from Royer-Collard's studies under the Prêtres de la doctrine chrétienne, a French religious order founded in 1592 by César de Bus and popularly known as the doctrinaires. Brussels (Bruxelles pronounced; Brussel pronounced) officially the Brussels Capital-Region, is In French political history Bonapartism has two meanings In a strict sense this term refers to people who Pierre Paul Royer-Collard ( 21 June 1763 - 2 September 1845) was a French statesman and Philosopher, leader of the César de Bus (b 3 February[[ 544]] at Cavaillon, Comtat Venaissin (now in France d

The choice of a nickname for M. Royer-Collard does credit to the journalistic insight of the contributors to the Nain jaune réfugié, for he was emphatically a man who made it his business to preach a doctrine and an orthodoxy. Doctrine (Latin doctrina) is a codification of beliefs or "a body of teachings quot or "instructions" taught principles or positions as the The word orthodox, from Greek orthodoxos "having the right opinion" from orthos ("right true straight" + doxa ("opinion The term quickly became popular and was extended to Royer-Collard's colleagues, whom came from different horizons. The duc de Richelieu and de Serre had been Royalist émigrés during the revolutionary and imperial epoch. Armand Emmanuel Sophie Septemanie du Plessis duc de Richelieu (25 September 1766 - 17 May 1822 was a prominent French statesman during the Bourbon Restoration Émigré is a French term that literally refers to a person who has "migrated out" but often carries a connotation of politico-social self- Exile.

"Nationalize the monarchy and royalize France"

Royer-Collard himself, Lam, and Maine de Biran had sat in the revolutionary Assemblies. François-Pierre-Gonthier Maine de Biran ( November 29, 1766 - July 20 ? 1824 usually known simply as Maine de Biran, was a French Pasquier, the comte de Beugnot, the baron de Barante, Georges Cuvier, Mounier, Guizot and Decazes had been imperial officials. Étienne Pasquier ( June 7, 1529 - September 1, 1615) French Lawyer and man of letters was born at Paris, on Jacques Claude, Comte de Beugnot ( 1761 - June 24, 1835) was a French politician before during and after the French Amable Guillaume Prosper Brugière baron de Barante ( June 10 1782 &ndash November 22 1866) was a French statesman and historian Baron Georges Léopold Chrétien Frédéric Dagobert Cuvier ( August 23 1769 &ndash May 13, 1832) was a French naturalist Jean Joseph Mounier ( November 12, 1758 - 28 January, 1806) was a French Politician. François Pierre Guillaume Guizot (4 October 1787 -12 September 1874 was a French Historian, Orator, and Statesman. Élie Decazes 1st duc Decazes and 1st Duke of Glücksbierg (duc Decazes et de Glücksbierg 28 September 1780 - 24 October 1860 was a French Statesman But they were closely united by political principle, and also by a certain similarity of method. Some of them, notably Guizot and Maine de Biran, were theorists and commentators on the principles of government. The baron de Barante was an eminent man of letters. All were noted for the doctrinal coherence of their principles and the dialectical rigidity of their arguments. In classical Philosophy, dialectic (διαλεκτική is controversy the exchange of arguments and counter-arguments respectively advocating Propositions The object of the party as defined by the future duc Decazes was to "nationalize the monarchy and to royalize France". The king, whom had been "king of France" during the Ancien Régime, became "king of the Frenchmen" under the Restoration. Ancien Régime ( pronounced: /ɑ̃sjɛ̃ ʁeʒim/ refers primarily to the aristocratic social and political system established in This illustrated the change from the divine right of kings to national sovereignty: sovereignty wasn't derived from God anymore, but from the people. The Divine Right of Kings is a general term that refers to the philosophy and ideas used to justify the authority and legitimacy of Monarchs in Medieval and Sovereignty is the exclusive Right to control a Government, a country, a people or oneself

The means by which they hoped to attain this end were a loyal application of the charter granted by Louis XVIII, and the steady co-operation of the king with themselves to defeat the Ultra-royalists, a group of counterrevolutionaries who aimed at the complete undoing of the political and social work of the Revolution. The French Charter of 1814 was a Constitution granted by King Louis XVIII of France shortly after his restoration Louis XVIII (17 November 1755 – 16 September 1824 Louis Stanislas Xavier de France, was a King of France and Navarre. The term Ultra-Royalists or simply Ultras refers to a Reactionary faction which sat in the French parliament from 1815 A counter-revolutionary is anyone who opposes a Revolution, particularly those who act after a revolution to try to overturn or reverse it in full or in part The French Revolution (1789–1799 was a period of political and social upheaval in the History of France, during which the French governmental structure previously an The Doctrinaires were ready to allow the king a large discretion in the choice of his ministers and the direction of national policy. They refused the principle of parliamentary responsibility, that is to allow that ministers should be removed in obedience to a hostile vote in the chamber. Responsible government is a conception of a System of government that embodies the principle of parliamentary accountability which is the foundation of the Westminster

Their ideal in fact was a combination of a king who frankly accepted the results of the Revolution, and who governed in a liberal spirit, with the advice of a chamber elected by a very limited constituency, in which men of property and education formed, if not the wholes at least the very great majority of the voters. The French Revolution (1789–1799 was a period of political and social upheaval in the History of France, during which the French governmental structure previously an This king was not to be found until Louis-Philippe's reign during the July Monarchy. Louis Philippe ( 6 October 1773 &ndash 26 August 1850) was King of the French from 1830 to 1848 in what was known as the The July Monarchy (1830-1848 was a period of liberal monarchy rule of France under Louis-Philippe Guizot set forth the Doctrinaires' ideology in his 1816 treatise Du gouvernement représentatif et de l'état actuel de la France. The chief organs of the party in the press were the Indépendent, renamed the Constitutionnel in 1817, and the Journal des Débats. Journal des débats ("Journal of Debates" was a French Newspaper, published between 1789 and 1944 that changed title several times The Doctrinaires were chiefly supported by ex-officials of the empire, who believed in the necessity for monarchical government but had a lively memory of Napoleon's authoritative rule and a no less lively hatred of the Ancien Régime merchants, manufacturers and members of the liberal professions, particularly the lawyers. Napoleon Bonaparte (15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821 was a French military and political leader who had a significant impact on the History of Europe.

English terminology

The word doctrinaire has become naturalized in English terminology, as applied, in a slightly contemptuous sense, to a theorist, as distinguished from a practical man of affairs.

Members

See also

References

Dictionary

doctrinaires

-noun

  1. Plural form of doctrinaire.
© 2009 citizendia.org; parts available under the terms of GNU Free Documentation License, from http://en.wikipedia.org
 Dapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic