There are multiple doctorate degrees in nursing: Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP or DrNP), Doctor of Nursing Science (DNSc, DNS or DSN) and Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) in Nursing. "PhD" redirects here for other uses see PhD (disambiguation. The Doctor of Nursing (ND) degree has been phased out and most universities have transitioned to the DNP. Like other practice disciplines, there are two types of doctorates in nursing: research and practice. The research-oriented doctorate in nursing is generally awarded as the PhD in Nursing (an academic doctorate) or less commonly as the DNSc, DNS or DSN (a professional doctorate). The practice-oriented doctorate in nursing is currently being transitioned to the DNP (a practice or clinical doctorate) from the ND (an entry-level clinical doctorate). [1]
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Doctor of Nursing Practice
The Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP or DrNP) is an advanced-level practice degree that focuses on the practice or clinical aspect of nursing instead of academic research like the PhD degree. The focus of the specific DNP degree varies by educational institution but generally includes advanced practice, leadership and application of clinical research related to nursing. The DNP is an advanced practice doctorate that primarily prepares nurses to become advance practice nurses (nurse practitioner (NP), certified registered nurse anesthetist (CRNA), certified nurse midwife (CNM), clinical nurse specialist (CNS)). A Nurse Practitioner (NP is a Registered nurse who has completed specific advanced Nursing education (generally a Master's degree) and training in the A nurse anesthetist ( AE) is a Registered nurse and advanced practice nurse who has acquired additional education and training to administer Anesthesia. In the United States, a nurse-midwife is an Advanced practice nurse who has specialized in the practice of obstetrical and gynecological care of relatively A clinical nurse specialist (CNS is an Advanced practice nurse, with graduate preparation (earned master's or doctorate from a program that prepares CNSs
The DNP is similar to other professional practice doctorates, of which there are two types of practice doctorates: entry-level and advanced practice. Entry-level practice doctorates in other professions include medicine (Doctor of Medicine (MD) or Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine (DO)), pharmacy (Doctor of Pharmacy (PharmD)), chiropractic (Doctor of Chiropractic (DC)), dentistry (Doctor of Dental Surgery (DDS) or Doctor of Dental Medicine (DMD)) and physical therapy (Doctor of Physical Therapy (DPT)). Doctor of Medicine ( MD or MD, from the Latin Medicinæ Doctor meaning "Teacher of Medicine" is a doctoral North America Canada In Canada the PharmD program is offered in both English and French. Doctor of Chiropractic ( DC or DC) or Doctor of Chiropractic Medicine ( D The DDS degree referring to Doctor of Dental Surgery, denotes one of a few degrees that are awarded to dentists the others being Doctor of Dental Medicine ( DMD) The DDS degree referring to Doctor of Dental Surgery, denotes one of a few degrees that are awarded to dentists the others being Doctor of Dental Medicine ( DMD) The Doctor of Physical Therapy (DPT is a postbaccalaureate degree that is a First professional degree for entry into the profession of Physical therapy Other professional advance level practice doctorates include psychology (Doctor of Psychology (PsyD)). The Doctor of Psychology (PsyD degree is a Professional doctorate, which is earned through one of two established training models for Clinical Psychology.
According the American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN), the purpose of transitioning advance nursing practice programs from the graduate level to the doctoral level is "In response to changes in health care delivery and emerging health care needs, additional knowledge or content areas have been identified by practicing nurses. In addition, the knowledge required to provide leadership in the discipline of nursing is so complex and rapidly changing that additional or doctoral level education is needed. "[2] According to the AACN, ". . . benefits of practice-focused doctoral programs include:
- development of needed advanced competencies for increasingly complex clinical, faculty and leadership roles;
- enhanced knowledge to improve nursing practice and patient outcomes;
- enhanced leadership skills to strengthen practice and health care delivery;
- better match of program requirements and credits and time with the credential earned;
- provision of an advanced educational credential for those who require advanced practice knowledge but do not need or want a strong research focus (e. g. clinical faculty);
- parity with other health professions, most of which have a doctorate as the credential required for practice;
- enhanced ability to attract individuals to nursing from non-nursing backgrounds;
- increased supply of faculty for clinical instruction; and
- improved image of nursing. "[3]
The AACN requires that all entry-level nurse practitioner educational programs be transitioned to the DNP degree from the Master of Science in Nursing (MSN) degree by the year 2015. A Nurse Practitioner (NP is a Registered nurse who has completed specific advanced Nursing education (generally a Master's degree) and training in the A Master of Science in Nursing ( MSN) is an advanced-level Quaternary education degree for Registered Nurses It is required [4] The American Association of Nurse Anesthetists has followed suit, requiring the DNP (or DNAP-Doctor of Nurse Anesthesia Practice) degree for entry-level nurse anesthetist programs by the year 2025. A nurse anesthetist ( AE) is a Registered nurse and advanced practice nurse who has acquired additional education and training to administer Anesthesia. [5] Current nurse practitioners and nurse anesthetists who do not have a DNP degree will continue to practice and not be required to obtain the DNP.
Doctor of Nursing Science, Doctor of Philosophy in Nursing
A Doctor of Nursing Science (DNSc, DNS, DSN) is an advanced-level professional degree in nursing, whereas the Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) in Nursing is an academic doctorate degree. A first professional degree is a type of Academic degree designed to prepare the holder for a particular profession by emphasizing practical skills over theory and analysis A doctorate is an Academic degree that indicates the highest level of academic achievement When first introduced in the 1970s, the Doctor of Nursing Science was intended to be the "clinical," or practice, based doctorate. However, upon further comparison, the DNSc curriculum was notably similar to that of the Doctor of Philosophy (PhD), which is traditionally a research or education based doctorate. Like the PhD, the DNSc requires writing and defending a dissertation for successful completion and graduation of the program. The Doctor of Nursing Science degree, due in part to its great similarity with the PhD and with the introduction of the DNP, has started being phased out as a doctoral-degree option. For example, Yale University School of Nursing, which formerly offered the DNSc, has now begun offering only the Doctor of Philosophy degree. Rush University College of Nursing, which replaced the DNSc program with the PhD program, determined that the two degrees have only subtle differences and allows past graduates of the DNSc program to now use the PhD abbreviation. [6]
See also
- Diploma in Nursing
- Associate of Science in Nursing
- Bachelor of Science in Nursing
- Master of Science in Nursing
- Doctor of Nursing Practice
- Nurse education
- Nursing school
References
- ^ American Association of Colleges of Nursing (2004). A Diploma in Nursing or Nursing Diploma is an entry-level Tertiary education Nursing degree. An Associate of Science in Nursing ( ASN) is an entry-level Tertiary education Nursing degree. The Bachelor of Science in Nursing ( BSN) is a four year Academic degree in the science and principles of Nursing, granted by a Tertiary education A Master of Science in Nursing ( MSN) is an advanced-level Quaternary education degree for Registered Nurses It is required Nurse education consists in the theorical and practical training provided to Nurses with the purpose to prepare them for their duties as Nursing care professionals A Nursing school is a type of educational institution, or part thereof providing education and training to become a fully-qualified Nurse. AACN Position Statement on the Practice Doctorate in Nursing. Available at http://www.aacn.nche.edu/DNP/pdf/DNP.pdf.
- ^ Repot of the Task Force on the Clinical Doctorate
- ^ Repot of the Task Force on the Clinical Doctorate
- ^ American Association of Colleges of Nursing (2004). AACN Position Statement on the Practice Doctorate in Nursing. Available at http://www.aacn.nche.edu/DNP/pdf/DNP.pdf.
- ^ American Association of Nurse Anesthetists (2007). AANA Position on Doctoral Preparation of Nurse Anestetists. Available at http://www.aana.com/uploadedFiles/Members/Membership/Resources/dtf_posstatemt0707.pdf
- ^ Rush University College of Nursing (2007). Rush University Nursing Program Changes Doctorate Credential to PhD. Available at http://www.rushu.rush.edu/nursing/PhDsplash.html.
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