| Dniester, Dnister, Nistru Дністер |
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|---|---|
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| Origin | Ukrainian Carpathians |
| Mouth | Black Sea |
| Basin countries | Ukraine, Moldova |
| Length | 1,362 km (846 mi) |
| Source elevation | 1,000 m (3,281 ft) |
| Avg. Tiraspol (ti'raspol Russian and Ukrainian: Тирáсполь Moldavian Cyrillic: Тираспол is the second largest city in Moldova The Carpathian Mountains or Carpathians (Carpaţi Czech, Polish and Slovak: Karpaty; Ukrainian: Карпати The Black Sea is an inland Sea bounded by southeastern Europe, the Caucasus and the Anatolian peninsula ( Turkey A drainage basin is an extent of Land where Water from Rain or Snow melt drains downhill into a body of water such as a River, Ukraine (Україна Ukrayina, /ukrɑˈjinɑ/ is a country in Eastern Europe. Moldova, officially the Republic of Moldova ( Republica Moldova) is a Landlocked country in Eastern Europe, located between Romania discharge | 310 m³/s (10,949 ft³/s) |
| Basin area | 68,627 km² (26,497 sq mi)[1] |
The Dniester (Ukrainian: Дністер translit. Dnister; Romanian: Nistru) is a river in Eastern Europe. In Hydrology, the discharge or outflow of a River is the volume of Water transported by it in a certain amount of time Square Kilometre ( US spelling square kilometer) symbol km2, is a decimal multiple of the SI unit of The square mile is an imperial and US unit of Area equal the area of a square of one statute mile. Ukrainian (in Ukrainian украї́нська мо́ва ukrayins'ka mova,) is a language of the East Slavic subgroup of the Slavic languages. The romanization or latinization of Ukrainian is the representation of the Ukrainian language using Latin letters. Romanian or Daco-Romanian ( dated: Rumanian or Roumanian; self designation limba română, ˈlimba roˈmɨnə is a Romance Eastern Europe is a general term that refers to the Geopolitical region encompassing the easternmost part of the European continent.
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Geography
It rises in Ukraine, near Drohobych close to the border with Poland, and flows toward the Black Sea. Ukraine (Україна Ukrayina, /ukrɑˈjinɑ/ is a country in Eastern Europe. Drohobych (Дрогóбич Cities' alternative names) is a City located at the confluence of the Tysmenytsia River and Seret, a tributary Poland (Polska officially the Republic of Poland The Black Sea is an inland Sea bounded by southeastern Europe, the Caucasus and the Anatolian peninsula ( Turkey For a short while it marks the border of Ukraine and Moldova, after which it flows through Moldova for 398 km, separating the bulk of its territory from Transnistria. Moldova, officially the Republic of Moldova ( Republica Moldova) is a Landlocked country in Eastern Europe, located between Romania Transnistria, also known as Trans-Dniester, Transdniestria, and Pridnestrovie (full name Pridnestrovian It later forms an additional part of the Moldova-Ukraine border, then flows through Ukraine to the Black Sea, where its estuary forms the Dniester Liman. An estuary is a semi-enclosed Coastal body of Water with one or more Rivers or Streams flowing into it and with a free connection to the open Dniester Liman (Дністровський лиман is a liman, formed at the point where the river Dniester flows into the Black Sea.
In its lower half, the western bank is high and hilly while the eastern one is low and flat. The river represents the de facto end of the Asian Steppe. The Asian Steppe is the Asian part of the Eurasian Steppe. Some scholars wrongly use the term "Asian Steppe" to describe the vast region of steppes of Its most important tributaries are Răut and Bîc. Răut, also referred to as Reut (Răut Реут רעװעט — revet is a river in Moldova, a right tributary of Dniester. Bîc ( Bâc or Byk) is a River in Moldova, a Right tributary of Dniester.
History
In antiquity, the river was considered one of the principal rivers of European Sarmatia, and mentioned by many Classical geographers and historians. The Sarmatians, Sarmatae or Sauromatae ( Old Iranian Sarumatah 'archer' Σαρμάτες According to Herodotus (iv. Herodotus of Halicarnassus ( Greek: Hēródotos Halikarnāsseús) was a Greek Historian who lived in the 5th century BC ( 484 BC&ndash 51) it rose in a large lake, whilst Ptolemy (iii. Claudius Ptolemaeus ( Greek: Klaúdios Ptolemaîos; after 83 &ndash ca 5. § 17, 8. § 1, &c. ) places its sources in Mount Carpates (the modern Carpathian Mountains, and Strabo (ii. The Carpathian Mountains or Carpathians (Carpaţi Czech, Polish and Slovak: Karpaty; Ukrainian: Карпати Strabo ( Greek: Στράβων 63/64 BC – ca AD 24 was a Greek historian, geographer and philosopher. ) says that they are unknown. It ran in an easterly direction parallel with the Ister (lower Danube), and formed part of the boundary between Dacia and Sarmatia. The Danube (In Donau from earlier Danuvius, Celtic *dānu, meaning "to flow run" Slovak and Polish Dunaj Dacia, in ancient geography was the land of the Dacians. It was named by the ancient Hellenes ( Greeks) " Getae " It fell into the Pontus Euxinus to the northeast of the mouth of the Ister; the distance between them being, according to Strabo, 900 stadia (Strab. The Black Sea is an inland Sea bounded by southeastern Europe, the Caucasus and the Anatolian peninsula ( Turkey vii. ), and, according to Pliny (iv. Gaius or Caius Plinius Secundus, ( AD 23 – August 25, AD 79 better known as Pliny the Elder, was an ancient Author 12. s. 26), 130 miles (from the Pseudostoma). Scymnus (Fr. Scymnus of Chios (fl c 185 BC) was a Greek Geographer. He was said to have been the author of a Periegesis in prose 51) describes it as of easy navigation, and abounding in fish. Ovid (ex Pont. Publius Ovidius Naso ( March 20, 43 BC – 17 AD was a Roman poet known to the English -speaking world as Ovid who wrote on many topics including iv. 10. 50) speaks of its rapid course.
Greek authors referred to the river as Tyras (Greek: ό Τύρας, Strab. Greek (el ελληνική γλώσσα or simply el ελληνικά — "Hellenic" is an Indo-European language, spoken today by 15-22 million people mainly ii. ). At a later period it obtained the name of Danastris or Danastus (Amm. Marc. xxxi. 3. § 3; Jornand. Get. 5; Const. Porphyr. de Adm. Imp. 8), whence its modern name of Dniester (Neister), though the Turks still called it Tural during the 19th century. (Cf. Herod. iv. 11, 47, 82; Scylax, p. Scylax of Caryanda was an ancient Greek explorer from Caria. He lived during the 6th century BC 29; Strab. i. p. 14; Mela, ii. Mela is a Sanskrit word meaning 'gathering' or 'to meet' It is used in the Indian subcontinent for all sizes of gathering and can be religious commercial cultural 1, etc. ; also Schaffarik, Slav. Alterth. i. p. 505. ) The form Τύρις is sometimes found. (Steph. B. p. Stephanus of Byzantium, also known as Stephanus Byzantinus ( Greek:; fl 671; Suid. s. v. Σκύφαι and Ποσειδώνιος. )
Before World War II the Dniester formed part of the boundary between Romania and the Soviet Union. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including Romania ( dated: Rumania, Roumania The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991 During the war, battles were fought on the left bank of the river between German and Romanian forces against Soviet troops.
After the Republic of Moldova declared its independence in 1991, the small area to the east of the Dniester that had been part of the Moldavian SSR, refused to participate, and declared itself the Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic or Transnistria, with its capital at Tiraspol on the river. Moldova, officially the Republic of Moldova ( Republica Moldova) is a Landlocked country in Eastern Europe, located between Romania The Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic ( Moldovan: Република Советикэ Сочиалистэ Молдовеняскэ or Republica Sovietică Socialistă Transnistria, also known as Trans-Dniester, Transdniestria, and Pridnestrovie (full name Pridnestrovian Tiraspol (ti'raspol Russian and Ukrainian: Тирáсполь Moldavian Cyrillic: Тираспол is the second largest city in Moldova
Tributaries
The Stryi River is one of its tributaries. A tributary is a Stream or River which flows into a mainstem (or parent river Tributaries on the right side are the Reut River, the Ikel River, the Byk River, and the Botna River. Tributaries on the left side are Zolota Lypa River (140 km), Koropets River, Dzhuryn River, Seret River (250 km), Zbruch River (245 km), Smotrych River (169 km), Ushytsia River (112 km), Kalius River, Liadova River, Murafa River (162 km), Rusava River, Yahorlyk River (173 km), and the Kuchurhan River (123 km). The Seret (Серет is a minor River in Ukraine, a tributary of the Tysmenytsia River. Zbruch River (Збруч also spelled "Zbrucz River" is a River in Western Ukraine, a Left tributary of the Dniester. The Smotrych River (Смотрич Smotrycz is a left Tributary of the Dniester, flowing through the Podillia upland of western Ukraine [2]
Names
The name Dniester derives from Sarmatian Iranic *Dānu nazdya "the close river". The Sarmatians, Sarmatae or Sauromatae ( Old Iranian Sarumatah 'archer' Σαρμάτες [3] (By contrast, the Dnieper River derives from the same Sarmatian Iranic, "the river on the far side". For the rocket see Dnepr rocket. For other uses see Dnieper (disambiguation. The Sarmatians, Sarmatae or Sauromatae ( Old Iranian Sarumatah 'archer' Σαρμάτες ) The older name, Tyras, is from Scythian Iranic *tûra, meaning "rapid". The Scythians or Scyths (Σκύθες Σκύθοι were an Iranian speaking people of horse-riding Nomadic pastoralists who dominated the Pontic
In Russian, it is known as Днестр, translit. Dnestr, in Romanian Nistru, in Yiddish: Nester - נעסטער; in Turkish, Turla and during antiquity, it was called Tyras in Latin and Danastris in Greek. Russian ( transliteration:,) is the most geographically widespread language of Eurasia, the most widely spoken of the Slavic languages The Romanization of the Russian alphabet is the process of transliterating the Russian language from the Cyrillic alphabet and Romanian or Daco-Romanian ( dated: Rumanian or Roumanian; self designation limba română, ˈlimba roˈmɨnə is a Romance Yiddish (yi [[wiktייִדיש ייִדיש]] yidish or yi [[wiktאידיש אידיש]] idish, literally "Jewish" is a nonterritorial High Turkish ( tr Türkçe IPA) is a language spoken by over 63 million people worldwide making it the most commonly spoken of the Turkic languages. Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. Greek (el ελληνική γλώσσα or simply el ελληνικά — "Hellenic" is an Indo-European language, spoken today by 15-22 million people mainly Classical authors have also referred to it as Danaster.
References
- This article incorporates text from the public domain Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography by William Smith (1856). The public domain is a range of abstract materials &ndash commonly referred to as Intellectual property &ndash which are not owned or controlled by anyone The Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography, first published in 1854, was the last of a series of classical dictionaries edited by the English scholar Sir William Smith (1813 &ndash 1893 English Lexicographer, was born at Enfield in 1813 of Nonconformist parents
Notes
- ^ "Watersheds of Europe: E05 Dniester (Nistru)" Water Resources eAtlas World Resources Institute, p. 2
- ^ Encyclopedia of Ukraine - Dniester River
- ^ Mallory, J. P. and Victor H. Mair. The Tarim Mummies: Ancient China and the Mystery of the Earliest Peoples from the West. London: Thames & Hudson, 2000. p. 106
External links
- Dniester watershed resource maps (PDF) - Land cover and use variables, basin indicators, biodiversity information and indicators.
- Dniester.org: a transboundary Dniester river project
- eco-tiras.org
- Dniester photo gallery
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