A diverticulum (plural: diverticula) is medical term for an outpouching of a hollow (or a fluid filled) structure in the body. Medical Subject Headings ( MeSH) is a huge Controlled vocabulary (or metadata system for the purpose of indexing journal articles and books Medicine is the art and science of healing It encompasses a range of Health care practices evolved to maintain and restore Human Health by the It usually implies that the structure is not normally present, i. e. pathological. However, embryologically, some normal structures begin development as a diverticulum arising from another structure. Embryology (from Greek grc ἔμβρυον embryon, "unborn embryo" and grc -λογία -logia) is the study of the development

An alphabetical listing of some frequently encountered diverticula follows:

Pathological

• Bladder diverticulum: Balloon-like growths on the bladder commonly associated with a chronic outflow obstruction, such as benign prostatic hypertrophy in older males. Benign prostatic hyperplasia ( BPH) also known as nodular hyperplasia, benign prostatic hypertrophy (technically a misnomer or benign enlargement of Usually found in pairs on opposite sides of the bladder, bladder diverticula are often surgically removed to prevent infection, rupture, or even cancer.
• Cardiac diverticulum: A very rare congenital malformation of the heart that is usually benign ^[1]
• Colonic diverticula: These can become infected (see diverticulitis) and can perforate, requiring surgery
  

  Large bowel (sigmoid colon) showing multiple diverticula. Diverticulitis is a common Digestive disease particularly found in the Large intestine. Note how the diverticula appear on either side of the longitudinal muscle bundle (taenium).
• Diverticulum of Kummerall: unusual nomenclature, in that focal dilatations of a blood vessel are properly referred to as aneurysms
• Duodenal & Jejunal diverticul(um|a): congenital lesions, may be a source of bacterial overgrowth, may perforate and may result in abscesses
• Epiphrenic diverticulum: due to dysfunction of the lower esophageal sphincter, as in achalasia
• Killian-Jamieson diverticulum
• Meckel's diverticulum: a persistent portion of the omphalomesenteric duct present in 2% of the population
• Rokitansky-Aschoff sinuses: in the gallbladder due to chronic cholecystitis
• Traction esophageal diverticulum: due to scarring from mediastinal or pulmonary tuberculosis
• Urethral diverticulum: congenital in males, post-infectious in females
• Zenker's diverticulum: a diverticulum of the mucosa of the pharynx affecting adults

Embryological

• The Kidneys, originally diverticula in the development of the urinary and reproductive organs
• The lungs, originally diverticula forming off of the ventral foregut. Achalasia, also known as esophageal achalasia, achalasia cardiae, cardiospasm, dyssynergia esophagus, and esophageal aperistalsis A Meckel's diverticulum, a true Congenital Diverticulum, is a small bulge in the small intestine present at birth At the end of the fourth week the Yolk-sac presents the appearance of a small pear-shaped vesicle (umbilical vesicle opening into the digestive tube by a long narrow tube the vitelline Rokitansky-Aschoff sinuses, also entrapped epithelial crypts, are Diverticula or pockets in the wall of the Gallbladder. The gallbladder (or cholecyst sometimes gall bladder is a small organ whose function in the body is to store Bile and aid in the digestive process Cholecystitis is Inflammation of the Gall bladder. Causes and pathology Cholecystitis is often caused by Cholelithiasis (the presence of In Anatomy, Zenker's diverticulum, also pharyngoesophageal diverticulum, is a Diverticulum of the Mucosa of the Pharynx, just above The kidneys are complicated organs that have numerous biological roles The development of the urinary and reproductive organs as a part of the Prenatal development, concerns the Urinary system and Sex organs. lung is the essential Respiration organ in air-breathing Animals including most Tetrapods a few Fish and a few Snails The most primitive
• The thymus appears in the form of two flask-shape diverticula, which arise from the third branchial pouch (pharyngeal pouch)of the endoderm.

Footnotes