District courts are a category of courts which exists in several nations. A court is a forum used by a power base to adjudicate disputes and dispense civil, labour administrative and criminal Justice under its These include:
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Australia
District Court is the name given to the intermediate court in some Australian States. There are two streams within the hierarchy of Australian Courts the federal stream and the state and territory stream They hear indictable (serious) criminal offences excluding treason, murder and, in some States, manslaughter. Their civil jurisdiction is also intermediate, typically being for civil disputes where the amount claimed is greater than a few tens of thousands of dollars but less than a few hundreds of thousands of dollars [1]. The limits vary between Australian States. In Victoria, the equivalent Court is called the County Court [2]. Below them is the Local Court, known as Magistrates' Courts in some jurisdictions. Above them are the State Supreme Courts.
Austria
Austria has some 200 district, or local, courts, which decide minor civil and criminal cases. Austria (Österreich ( officially the Republic of Austria (Republik Österreich Civil law, as opposed to Criminal law, refers to that branch of Law dealing with disputes between Individuals and/or Organizations, in which The term criminal law, sometimes called penal law, refers to any of various bodies of rules in different Jurisdictions whose common characteristic is the potential
Finland
- See also Judicial system of Finland
Finland has 61 district courts, which deal with criminal cases, civil cases and petitionary matters. Under the Constitution of Finland, everyone is entitled to have their case heard by a court or an authority appropriately and without undue delay Finland, officially the Republic of Finland ( is a Nordic country situated in the Fennoscandian region of northern Europe. Each court is headed by the Chief Judge and other District Judges. In certain cases, the district court may also have Lay Judges. The cases are handled and resolved either in a session or in chambers. In simple cases decisions can be made by notaries.
Hong Kong
The District Courts in Hong Kong, established in 1953, has limited jurisdiction in both civil and criminal matters. The District Courts ( Chinese: 區域法院 地方法院 before 1997 are the lower court system in Hong Kong, have both criminal and Hong Kong ( officially the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, is a territory located on China 's south coast on the Pearl River Delta, and borders With effect from 1 December 2003, it has civil jurisdiction to hear monetary claims up to HK$1 million or, where the claims are for recovery of land, the annual rent or rateable value does not exceed HK$240,000. Events 800 - Charlemagne judges the accusations against Pope Leo III in the Vatican Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. In its criminal jurisdiction, the court may try the more serious cases, with the main exceptions of murder, manslaughter and rape. The maximum term of imprisonment it may impose is seven years. There are one Chief District Judge and 30 District Judges, among which three District Judges sit in the Family Court and two District Judges sit in the Lands Tribunal as Presiding Officers.
India
The District Courts of India are presided over by a judge[3]. The District Courts of India are presided over by a Judge. They administer justice in India at a district level India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country A judge, or justice, is an Official who presides over a Court of law They administer justice in India at a district level. A district is an administrative division of an Indian state or territory. These courts are under administrative and judicial control of the High Court of the State to which the district concerned belongs. India 's judicial system is made up of the Supreme Court of India at the apex of the hierarchy for the entire country and twenty-one High Courts at the India is a union of states comprising twenty-eight states and seven union territories.
Ireland
The District Court in Ireland was established in 1924. The District Court ( An Chúirt Dúiche in Irish) of Ireland consists of a President and sixty judges Year 1924 ( MCMXXIV) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Court handles civil claims of up to €6,350 and summary criminal trials (minor offences tried by a judge alone where the maximum penalty is 12 months imprisonment). A summary offense, also known as a petty crime, is a criminal act in some Common law jurisdictions that can be proceeded with summarily without the right The court also has jurisdiction in granting bail for accused on remand for trial on indictment in the Circuit Court and the granting of licences for the sale of alcohol. The Circuit Court ( An Chúirt Chuarda in Irish) of Ireland consists of a President and thirty-three judges
New Zealand
The District Courts of New Zealand are a low-level trial court. The District Courts of New Zealand ( Māori: Ngā Kōti ā Rōhe) are low-level Trial courts in New Zealand. The Courts can hear civil claims up to $200,000 and deal with relatively minor criminal charges. The District Courts were called the Magistrates' Courts until 1980.
Scotland
District Courts were introduced in 1975 as replacement for Burgh Police Courts; they deal with the most minor crimes. A District Court is the lowest level of court in Scotland. It deals mainly with minor offences and they operate under summary procedure. Year 1975 ( MCMLXXV) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. In the sociological field, crime is the breach of a rule or Law for which some governing authority or force may ultimately prescribe a Punishment They are run by the local authorities. Local government in Scotland is organised through 32 unitary authorities consisting of Councillors elected every four years by registered voters in each of the Each court comprises one or more Justices of the Peace (lay magistrates) who sit alone or in threes with a qualified legal assessor as convener or clerk of court. A Justice of the Peace ( JP) is a Puisne Judicial officer appointed by means of a commission to keep the peace
They handle many cases of breach of the peace, drunkenness, minor assaults, petty theft, and offences under the Civic Government (Scotland) Act 1982. Breach of the peace is a legal term used in Constitutional law in English-speaking countries and in a wider public order sense in Britain Drunkenness or inebriation is the state of being intoxicated by consumption of Alcoholic beverages to a degree that mental and physical faculties are noticeably Assault is a Crime of Violence against another person. In some Jurisdictions including Australia and New Zealand, In Criminal law, theft (also known as stealing or filching) is the illegal taking of another person's Property without that person's freely-given The Civic Government (Scotland Act 1982 is an Act of the United Kingdom Parliament which makes provision for a wide range of civic government matters
District Court operate under summary procedure and may not impose a fine in excess of £2,500 or sentence an offender to more than 60 days in prison. A prison, penitentiary, or correctional facility is a place in which individuals are physically confined or interned and usually deprived of a range of In practice, most offences are dealt with by a fine.
In Glasgow where the volume of business requires the employment of three solicitors as "stipendiary magistrates" who sit in place of the lay Justices. Glasgow (ˈglæzgoʊ is the largest city in Scotland and third most populous in the United Kingdom A business (also called firm or an enterprise) is a legally recognized organizational entity designed to provide goods and/or services to A "solicitor" is a term used in many Common law jurisdictions for a lawyer who offers legal services outside of the courts A magistrate is a judicial officer In Common law systems a magistrate usually has limited authority to administer and enforce the Law. The Stipendiary Magistrates' court has the same sentencing power as the summary Sheriff Court. Sheriff courts provide the local Court service in Scotland, with each court serving a sheriff court district within a Sheriffdom.
District Courts in Scotland are set to be abolished and replaced with Justice of the Peace Courts under the provisions of the Criminal Proceedings etc. (Reform) (Scotland) Act 2007. The new Justice of the Peace Courts will be managed by the Scottish Court Service. The Scottish Court Service is an executive agency of the Scottish Government responsible for the administration the of the Court system in Scotland The District Courts in the Lothian & Borders Sheriffdom are to be abolished in March 2008 and replaced with Justice of the Peace Courts as the first stage of unification.
United States
In the United States, district courts may refer to two different types of trial courts: state courts (in some U.S. states) or the general trial courts of the federal court system, known as United States district courts. A trial court or court of first instance is the Court in which most civil or criminal cases begin In the United States, a state court has Jurisdiction over disputes with some connection to a U A US state is any one of the fifty subnational entities of the United States of America that share Sovereignty with the federal government The United States federal courts are the system of Courts organized under the Constitution and laws of the Federal government of the United States The United States district courts are the general Trial courts of the United States federal court system.
State district courts do not exist in some states; in others, the term "district court" has different meanings. For example, Florida District Courts of Appeal are appellate courts, while Hawaii State District Courts are small-claims courts. The Florida District Courts of Appeal ( DCAs) were created in 1957 to provide an intermediate level of appellate review between the county courts and state circuit Court of Appeal, Court of Appeals, and Appellate Division redirect here for a list of specific courts using those titles see Court of Appeal The Hawaii State District Courts are a level of State courts in Hawaii. Small claims courts are Courts of limited jurisdiction that hear civil cases between private litigants
The federal district courts have jurisdiction over federal questions (trials and cases interpreting federal law, or which involve federal statutes or crimes) and diversity (cases otherwise subject to jurisdiction in a state trial court but which are between litigants of different states and/or countries). In law a lawsuit is a civil action brought before a Court in which the party commencing the action the Plaintiff, seeks a legal or equitable remedy There are 89 federal districts in the 50 states. United States district courts also exist in Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, the District of Columbia, Guam, and the Northern Mariana Islands. Puerto Rico (ˌpwertoˈriko officially the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico ("Estado Libre Asociado de Puerto Rico" {{lang-en|"Associated Free State of Puerto Rico"}} See also Culture of the Virgin Islands Music of the Virgin Islands Virgin Islands Creole Washington DC ( formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, the District, or simply D Guam ( Chamorro: cha Guåhån) officially the Territory of Guam, is an island in the western Pacific Ocean and is an organized unincorporated The Northern Mariana Islands, officially the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI is a commonwealth in Political union with the United So, in total, there are 94 U. S. district courts. Decisions from these courts are subject to review by one of the 13 United States court of appeals, which are, in turn, subject to review by the Supreme Court of the United States. The United States courts of appeals (or circuit courts) are the intermediate appellate courts The Supreme Court of the United States is the highest judicial body in the United States and leads the federal judiciary.
References
- ^ Homepage, Western Australia District Court - http://www.justice.wa.gov.au/D/districtcourt.aspx?uid=1239-5510-2795-6685
- ^ Homepage, Victorian County Court - www. countycourt. vic. gov. au
- ^ District Courts of India - http://www.indiancourts.nic.in/districtcourt.html
External links
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