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"DJ" redirects here. For other uses, see DJ (disambiguation).
Club DJ and Big Brother UK theme creator Paul Oakenfold, cues up a song
Club DJ and Big Brother UK theme creator Paul Oakenfold, cues up a song

A disc jockey (also known as DJ or deejay) is a person who selects and plays prerecorded music for an audience. Big Brother is a Reality television series broadcast in the United Kingdom and Paul Oakenfold (born 30 August, 1963 in Greenhithe, Kent, UK) is a Record producer and a popular trance

There are several types of disc jockey. Radio DJs introduce and play music that is broadcast on AM, FM, shortwave, digital or online radio stations. Club DJs select and play music in a bar, club, disco, a rave, or even a stadium. A discothèque, diskoˈtɛk̚ compare the Spanish "discoteca" is an Entertainment venue or Club with recorded music played by "Discaires" A rave (or rave party) is a term in use since the 1980s to describe Dance Parties (often all-night events Hip hop disc jockeys select, play and create music with multiple turntables, often to back up one or more MCs. Hip hop is a cultural movement which developed in New York City in the 1970s primarily among African Americans and Latinos. In reggae, the disc jockey (deejay) is a vocalist who raps, toasts or chats over pre-recorded rhythm tracks while the individual choosing and playing them is referred to as a selector. Reggae is a Music genre first developed in Jamaica in the late 1960s Not to be confused with Disc jockey A deejay (alternatively spelled DJ) is a Reggae or Dancehall musician who sings Rapping (also known as emceeing, MCing, spitting, or just rhyming) is the Rhythmic spoken delivery of Rhymes wordplay and Toasting, Chatting, or Deejaying is the act of talking or Chanting over a Rhythm or beat. Selector is the term originally used for a Reggae / Dancehall disc jockey (who selects a Riddim) [1] Mobile disc jockeys travel with portable sound systems and play at a variety of events.

Contents

Equipment and techniques

Pioneer CDJs and M-AudioTorq DJ equipment
Pioneer CDJs and M-AudioTorq DJ equipment

DJ equipment consists of:

Other equipment could or can be added to the basic DJ set-up (above) providing unique sound manipulations. A disc jockey (also known as DJ or deejay) is a person who selects and plays recorded music for an audience Such devices include, but are not limited to:

Several techniques are used by DJs as a means to better mix and blend prerecorded music. These techniques primarily include the cueing, equalization and audio mixing of two or more sound sources. Equalization (or equalisation, EQ) is the process of changing the frequency envelope of a sound in Audio processing. Audio mixing is the process by which a multitude of sound sources are combined into one or more channels The complexity and frequency of special techniques depends largely on the setting in which a DJ is working. Radio DJs are less likely to focus on music-mixing technique than club DJs, who rely on a smooth transition between songs using a range of techniques.

Club DJ turntable techniques include beatmatching, phrasing, and slip-cueing to preserve energy on a dancefloor. Beatmatching is a Disc jockey technique of Pitch shifting or Timestretching a track to match its Tempo to that of the currently playing track In DJing phrasing, also called stage matching, refers to alignment of phrases of two tracks in a mix Slip-cueing is a DJ technique that consists of holding a record still while the platter rotates underneath the Slipmat and releasing it at the Turntablism embodies the art of cutting, beat juggling, scratching, needle drops, phase shifting, back spinning, and more to perform the transitions and overdubs of samples in a more creative manner (though turntablism is often considered a use of the turntable as a musical instrument, rather than a tool for blending prerecorded music). Turntablism is the art of manipulating sounds and creating music using phonograph turntables and a DJ mixer. Beat juggling is the act of manipulating two or more samples (e "Scratching" is also a Present participle of " Scratch " and may also refer to a form of street art Scratching The needle drop is a technique used in hip hop deejaying. The DJ sets a record spinning then drops the Stylus on the turntable at The phase of an oscillation or wave is the fraction of a complete cycle corresponding to an offset in the displacement from a specified reference point at time t = 0 Back spinning describes the act of manually manipulating a Vinyl record (currently playing on a turntable) using enough force to cause the record to spin backward In Music, sampling is the act of taking a portion or sample, of one Sound recording and reusing it as an instrument or element of a new recording Turntablism is the art of manipulating sounds and creating music using phonograph turntables and a DJ mixer. The phonograph, or gramophone, was the most common device for playing recorded Sound from the 1870s through the 1980s A musical instrument is a device constructed or modified for the purpose of making Music. Professional DJs may use harmonic mixing to choose songs that are in compatible musical keys. Harmonic mixing or key mixing is a DJ 's Continuous mix between two pre-recorded tracks that are most often either in the same key or their keys are

Types

The role of selecting and playing prerecorded music for an intended audience is the same for every disc jockey. The selected music, the audience, the setting, the preferred medium, and the level of sophistication of sound manipulation are factors that diffentiate different DJ types.

Radio disc jockeys

Main article: radio personality

A radio disc jockey plays music that is broadcast across radio waves, AM and FM bands or worldwide on shortwave radio stations. A radio personality (also known as a radio host or a radio presenter) is a person with an on-air position in radio broadcasting Shortwave Radio operates between the frequencies of 3000 KHz (3 Radio DJs are notable for their personalities. Because terrestrial radio usually uses program directors/music directors to generate the playlist, present-day radio DJs do not typically pick the music to play at stations. Emceeing and answering the phone is their primary duty.

Reggae deejays

In reggae music (specifically dancehall), the deejay is traditionally a vocalist who raps, toasts or chats to a "riddim". Reggae is a Music genre first developed in Jamaica in the late 1960s Dancehall is a type of Jamaican Popular music which developed in the late 1970s initially as a more sparse and less political and religious variant of Reggae Not to be confused with Disc jockey A deejay (alternatively spelled DJ) is a Reggae or Dancehall musician who sings Toasting, Chatting, or Deejaying is the act of talking or Chanting over a Rhythm or beat. A riddim is an Instrumental version of a song which applies to Jamaican music (mostly dancehall and reggae or other forms of Caribbean music. The term "selector" is reserved for the person who performs the traditional function of a DJ, though he does not always play the music. Selector is the term originally used for a Reggae / Dancehall disc jockey (who selects a Riddim) He often just selects the record and passes it to the mixer who plays it over the sound system.

Club disc jockeys

Darude performing at The Docks, Toronto, 2007
Darude performing at The Docks, Toronto, 2007

Using several turntables, CD players or a hard drive source, a club disc jockey selects and plays music in a club setting. Ville Virtanen (born July 17, 1975) better known by his Stage name Darude is a trance producer and DJ The setting can range anywhere from a neighborhood party or a small club to a disco, a rave, or even a stadium. A nightclub (or "night club" or "club" is a drinking, dancing, and entertainment venue which does its primary business after dark A discothèque, diskoˈtɛk̚ compare the Spanish "discoteca" is an Entertainment venue or Club with recorded music played by "Discaires" A rave (or rave party) is a term in use since the 1980s to describe Dance Parties (often all-night events The main focus of club DJs is on the music they play and how they remix tracks in and out of each other or also just to add a bit of energy to a track. They build their sets by choosing tracks to control the energy level of the crowd and use beatmixing (or "beatmatching") technique for seamless transition between tracks. A DJ mix or DJ mixset is a sequence of musical tracks typically mixed together to appear as one continuous track Beatmixing is a Disk jockey technique of mixing two tracks so that the beats of one occur at the same time as the other Beatmatching is a Disc jockey technique of Pitch shifting or Timestretching a track to match its Tempo to that of the currently playing track For more information, see Notable Club DJs. This is a list of notable club DJs This list consists of professionals who perform or are known to perform at large nightclub venues or who have been pioneers in the development of the role of the

Hip hop disc jockeys

Main article: Turntablism

A hip-hop disc jockey is a DJ that selects, plays and creates music as a hip-hop artist and/or performer, often backing up one or more MCs. Turntablism is the art of manipulating sounds and creating music using phonograph turntables and a DJ mixer. Hip hop is a cultural movement which developed in New York City in the 1970s primarily among African Americans and Latinos.

Mobile disc jockeys

Main article: Mobile disc jockey


Mobile Disc Jockeys are an extension of the original Radio disc jockeys. Mobile Disc Jockeys, also known as Mobile Discos in the UK, are Disc jockeys that travel or tour with mobile sound systems and play from an extensive collection A disc jockey (also known as DJ or deejay) is a person who selects and plays recorded music for an audience Radio is the transmission of signals by Modulation of electromagnetic waves with frequencies below those of visible Light. They travel with or go on tour with mobile sound systems and play from an extensive collection of pre-recorded content for a specific audience. In the 2000s, mobile DJs need a large selection of music, professional-grade equipment, good organizational skills, vocal talent as an MC, mixing skills, quality lighting, insurance for liability, and on-site back-up equipment. [2] In the 2000s, the role of the Mobile DJ has expanded. Many Mobile DJs have assumed additional responsibilities to ensure an event's success. These responsibilities include the roles of MC, event organizer and coordinator, lighting director, and/or sound engineer. [3]

In the past, Mobile DJs utilized vinyl records or cassettes. During the Disco era of the 1970s, demand for Mobile DJs (called Mobile Discos in the UK) soared, and top Disc Jockeys travelled with hundreds of vinyl records and cassette tapes. Disco is a Genre of dance-oriented music whose origins are hard to define A gramophone The Compact Cassette, often referred to as audio cassette, cassette tape, cassette, or simply tape, is a Magnetic tape sound [2] In the 1990s, Compact Disc became the standard. A Compact Disc (also known as a CD) is an Optical disc used to store digital data, originally developed for storing digital audio Mobile Disc Jockey trade publications such as DJ Times magazine and Mobile Beat were founded in this era. A disc jockey (also known as DJ or deejay) is a person who selects and plays recorded music for an audience DJ Times is considered by some to be the "Bible of the industry" for the professional DJ [3]Mobile DJs have formed professional associations such as the Canadian Disc Jockey Association (CDJA), the Canadian Online Disc Jockey Association (CODJA), the American Disc Jockey Association (ADJA), and the National Association of Mobile Entertainers[3] In the UK, associations include the National Association of Disc Jockeys (NADJ), and the South Eastern Discotheque Association (SEDA). The Canadian Disc Jockey Association (CDJA is a Not-for-profit Trade association for Disc jockeys across Canada. NAME the National Association of Mobile Entertainers (NAME was founded in 1996 by former American Disc Jockey Association (ADJA Board member Bruce Keslar

Timeline

Mid-1800s to 1920s

In 1857, Leon Scott invented the phonoautograph in France, the first device to record sound. Édouard-Léon Scott de Martinville ( 25 April 1817 &ndash 26 April 1879) was a French printer and bookseller who lived in The phonograph, or gramophone, was the most common device for playing recorded Sound from the 1870s through the 1980s This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. In 1877, Thomas Alva Edison invented the phonograph cylinder, the first device to play back recorded sound, in the United States. The earliest method of recording and reproducing sound was on phonograph cylinders. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the In 1892, Emile Berliner began commercial production of his gramophone records, the first disc record to be offered to the public. In 1906, Reginald Fessenden transmitted the first audio radio broadcast in history also playing the first record, a contralto singing Handel's Largo from Xerxes. Reginald Aubrey Fessenden ( October 6, 1866 &ndash July 22, 1932) born in East Bolton, Quebec, Canada, was For the band see Broadcast (band Broadcasting is the distribution of audio and/or Video signals which transmit This article is related to a series of articles under the main article Voice type. [4]

The world's first radio disc jockey was Ray Newby of Stockton California. In 1909, At 16 years of age, Newby began regularly playing records on a small spark transmitter while a student at Herrold College of Engineering and Wireless located in San Jose, California, under the authority of radio pioneer, Charles "Doc" Herrold. A spark-gap transmitter is a device for generating Radio frequency electromagnetic waves. Charles David 'Doc' Herrold, ( November 16, 1875 – July 1, 1948) was an American Radio broadcasting [5][6]

We used popular records at that time, mainly caruso records because they were very good and loud; we needed a boost. . . we started on an experimental basis and then because this is novel, we stayed on schedule continually without leaving the air at any time from that time on except for a very short time during World War I when the government required us to remove the antenna. . . Most of our programming was records, I'll admit, but of course we gave out news as we could obtain it. . . [5]

—Ray Newby, I've Got a Secret (1965)

In the 1910s, regular radio broadcasting began, using "live" as well as prerecorded sound. In the early radio age, content typically included comedy, drama, news, music, and sports reporting. The on-air announcers and programmers would later be known as disc jockeys. In the 1920s - "Juke-joints" became popular as a place for dancing and drinking to recorded jukebox music. In 1927, Christopher Stone became the first radio announcer and programmer in the United Kingdom, on the BBC radio station. Christopher Stone may refer to Christopher Stone (actor Christopher Stone (broadcaster Christopher Stone (cricketer The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located In 1929, Thomas Edison ceased phonograph cylinder manufacture, ending the disc and cylinder rivalry.

1930s-1950s

In 1935, American commentator Walter Winchell coined the term "disc jockey" (the combination of "disc", referring to the disc records, and "jockey", which is an operator of a machine) as a description of radio announcer Martin Block, the first announcer to become a star. Walter Winchell ( April 7, 1897 &ndash February 20, 1972) was an American newspaper and radio commentator Martin Block (1901-1967 was born in Los Angeles, California. In 1935 while listeners to New York's WNEW in New York (now information outlet WBBR) While his audience was awaiting developments in the Lindbergh kidnapping, Block played records and created the illusion that he was broadcasting from a ballroom, with the nation’s top dance bands performing live. The kidnapping of Charles Augustus Lindbergh Jr, the Toddler son of world famous Aviator Charles Lindbergh and Anne Morrow Lindbergh, occurred The show, which he called Make Believe Ballroom, was an instant hit. The term "disc jockey" appeared in print in Variety in 1941. Variety is a weekly entertainment trade newspaper founded in New York in 1905 by Sime Silverman [7]

In 1943, Jimmy Savile launched the world's first DJ dance party by playing jazz records in the upstairs function room of the Loyal Order of Ancient Shepherd's in Otley, England. Sir James Wilson Vincent Savile OBE, KCSG (born 31 October 1926) commonly known as Jimmy Savile (often misspelled Jazz is an American Musical art form which originated in the beginning of the 20th century in African American communities in the Southern United States Otley is a Market town in the Metropolitan borough of the City of Leeds, West Yorkshire, England, by the River Wharfe. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland In 1947, he became the first DJ to use twin turntables for continuous play. In 1947, the Whiskey à Go-Go nightclub opened in Paris, France, considered to be the world's first discothèque, or disco (deriving its name from the French word, meaning a nightclub where the featured entertainment is recorded music rather than an on-stage band). A nightclub (or "night club" or "club" is a drinking, dancing, and entertainment venue which does its primary business after dark Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city A discothèque, diskoˈtɛk̚ compare the Spanish "discoteca" is an Entertainment venue or Club with recorded music played by "Discaires" Discos began appearing across Europe and the United States. From the late 1940s to early 1950s, the introduction of television eroded the popularity of radio's early format, causing it to take on the general form it has today, with a strong focus on music, news and sports.

In the 1950s, American radio DJs would appear live at "sock hops" and "platter parties" and assume the role of a human jukebox. They would usually play 45-rpm records featuring hit singles on one turntable, while talking between songs. In some cases, a live drummer was hired to play beats between songs to maintain the dance floor. In 1955 Bob Casey, a well-known "sock hop" DJ, introduced the first two-turntable system for alternating back and forth between records, creating a continuous playback of music. Throughout the 1950s, payola payments by record companies to DJs in return for airplay was an ongoing problem. Payola, in the American Music industry, is the illegal practice of payment or other inducement by record companies for the broadcast of recordings on Music Part of the fallout from the payola scandal was tighter control of the music by station management. The Top 40 format emerged, where popular songs are played repeatedly. The Top Forty or Top 40 is a music industry shorthand for the currently most-popular songs in a particular genre.

In the late 1950s, sound systems, a new form of public entertainment, are developed in the ghettos of Kingston, Jamaica. In the context of Jamaican Popular culture, a sound system is a group of Disc jockeys engineers and MCs playing Ska, A ghetto is described as a "portion of a city in which members of a minority group live especially because of social legal or economic pressure Kingston is the Capital and largest city of Jamaica and is located on the southeastern coast of the island country Promoters, who called themselves DJs, would throw large parties in the streets that centered on the disc jockey, called the "selector," who played dance music from large, loud PA systems and bantered over the music with a boastful, rhythmic chanting style called "toasting. Toasting, Chatting, or Deejaying is the act of talking or Chanting over a Rhythm or beat. " These parties quickly became profitable for the promoters, who would sell admission, food and alcohol, leading to fierce competition between DJs for the biggest sound systems and newest records.

1960s and 1970s

Captain PJ performing at Spectra in 1977
Captain PJ performing at Spectra in 1977

In the mid-1960s, nightclubs and discotheques continued to grow in Europe and the United States. Specialized DJ equipment such as Rudy Bozak's classic CMA-10-2DL mixer began to appear on the market. Rudolph Thomas Bozak (1910-1982 was an audio electronics and acoustics designer and engineer in the field of sound reproduction In 1969, American club DJ Francis Grasso popularized beatmatching at New York's Sanctuary nightclub. Francis Grasso (2531948-2032001 was an American Disc jockey from New York City, best known for inventing the technique of Slip-cueing and Beatmatching is a Disc jockey technique of Pitch shifting or Timestretching a track to match its Tempo to that of the currently playing track New York ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States and is the nation's third most populous Beatmatching is the technique of creating seamless transitions between back-to-back records with matching beats, or tempos. Grasso also developed slip-cueing, the technique of holding a record still while the turntable is revolving underneath, releasing it at the desired moment to create a sudden transition from the previous record. Slip-cueing is a DJ technique that consists of holding a record still while the platter rotates underneath the Slipmat and releasing it at the

By 1968, the number of dance clubs started to decline; most American clubs either closed or were transformed into clubs featuring live bands. Neighborhood block parties that were modeled after Jamaican sound systems gained popularity in Europe and in the boroughs of New York City. A borough is an Administrative division of various countries In principle the term borough designates a self-governing Township although in practice The City of New York

During the early 1970s, the economic downturn led most of the dance clubs to become underground gay discos. In the English language, gay is an Adjective that in modern usage refers to Homosexuality. In 1973, Jamaican-born DJ Kool Herc, widely regarded as the "godfather of hip hop culture", performed at block parties in his Bronx neighborhood and developed a technique of mixing back and forth between two identical records to extend the rhythmic instrumental segment, or break. Jamaica (ˈdʒəˈmeɪkə} is an Island nation of the Greater Antilles, in length and as much as in width situated in the Caribbean Sea. Clive Campbell (born April 16 1955 AKA Kool Herc, DJ Kool Herc and Kool DJ Herc, is a Jamaican-born DJ who is credited as originating Hip hop In Popular music a break is an Instrumental or percussion section or interlude during a song derived from or related to Stop-time &ndash being Turntablism, the art of using turntables not only to play music, but to manipulate sound and create original music, began to develop. Turntablism is the art of manipulating sounds and creating music using phonograph turntables and a DJ mixer.

In 1974, Technics released the first SL-1200 turntable, which evolved into the SL-1200 MK2 in 1979, which as of the mid-2000s remains the industry standard for deejaying. The Technics SL-1200 is a series of turntables manufactured since October 1972 by Matsushita under the Brand name of Technics. In 1974, German electronic music band Kraftwerk released the 22-minute song "Autobahn", which takes up the entire first side of that LP. Electronic music is music that employs Electronic musical instruments and Electronic Music technology in its production Kraftwerk (ˈkʁaftvɛɐk German for " power plant " or " Power station " is an influential Electronic music band from Years later, Kraftwerk would become a significant influence on hip hop artists such as Afrika Bambaataa and house music pioneer Frankie Knuckles. Hip hop music, also referred to as rap music, is a Music genre typically consisting of a rhythmic vocal style called rap which is accompanied with Afrika Bambaataa (born Kevin Donovan on April 17, 1957) is an American DJ from the South Bronx, who was instrumental in the House music is a style of Electronic dance music initially popularized in mid-1980s Discothèques catering to the African-American, Latino Frankie Knuckles (born January 18 1955, New York) is an American DJ, Record producer and Remix artist During the mid 1970s, Hip hop music and culture began to emerge, originating among urban African Americans and Latinos in New York City. Hip hop music, also referred to as rap music, is a Music genre typically consisting of a rhythmic vocal style called rap which is accompanied with African Americans or Black Americans are citizens or residents of the United States who have origins in any of the black populations of Africa The four main elements of hip hop culture were MCing (rapping), DJing, graffiti, and breakdancing. Hip hop is a Subculture, which is said to have begun with the work of DJ Kool Herc, Grandmaster Flash & the Furious Five, and Afrika Bambaattaa Rapping (also known as emceeing, MCing, spitting, or just rhyming) is the Rhythmic spoken delivery of Rhymes wordplay and Graffiti (singular graffito; the plural is used as a Mass noun) is the name for images or lettering scratched scrawled painted or marked in any manner on property Breakdance, breaking, b-boying or b-girling is a Street dance style that evolved as part of the hip hop movement among

In the mid-1970s, the soul-funk blend of dance pop known as Disco took off in the mainstream pop charts in the United States and Europe, causing discotheques to experience a rebirth. Disco is a Genre of dance-oriented music whose origins are hard to define The United States of America —commonly referred to as the A discothèque, diskoˈtɛk̚ compare the Spanish "discoteca" is an Entertainment venue or Club with recorded music played by "Discaires" Unlike many late 1960s, clubs, which featured live bands, discotheques used the DJs selection and mixing of records as the entertainment. In 1975, Record pools began, enabling disc jockeys access to newer music from the industry in an efficient method. A record pool commonly refers to a regionalized and centralized method of music distribution that allows a DJ to receive promotional music to play in Nightclubs The

In 1976, American DJ, editor, and producer Walter Gibbons remixed "Ten Percent" by Double Exposure, one of the earliest commercially released 12" singles (aka "maxi-single"). Walter Gibbons ( April 2, 1954 - September 23, 1994) was an American Record producer, early Disco DJ In 1977, Hip hop DJ Grand Wizard Theodore invented the scratching technique by accident. Grand Wizard Theodore (real name Theodore Livingston also known as GrandWizzard Theodore or DJ GrandWizzard Theodore, is a hip hop DJ. "Scratching" is also a Present participle of " Scratch " and may also refer to a form of street art Scratching In 1979, the Sugar Hill Gang released "Rapper's Delight", the first hip hop record to become a hit. The Sugarhill Gang is an American hip hop and Funk group known mostly for their biggest hit " Rapper's Delight " the first hip hop " Rapper's Delight " is a 1979 single by American hip hop trio The Sugarhill Gang; it was one of the first hip hop hit singles It was also the first real breakthrough for sampling, as the bassline of Chic's "Good Times" laid the foundation for the song. In Music, sampling is the act of taking a portion or sample, of one Sound recording and reusing it as an instrument or element of a new recording Chic ( pron. ˈʃiːk ("sheek" sometimes fully capitalized as CHIC is an American Disco and R&B band that was formed in 1976 " Good Times " is a 1979-80 song composed by Bernard Edwards and Nile Rodgers.

In 1977, Saratoga Springs, NY disc jockey Tom L. Saratoga Springs is a City in Saratoga County, New York, USA. Lewis introduced the Disco Bible (later renamed Disco Beats) which published hit disco songs listed by the beats-per-minute (the tempo), as well as by either artist or song title. Billboard ran an article on the new publication and it went national relatively quickly. The list made it easier for beginner DJs to learn how they could create seamless transitions between songs without dancers having to change their rhythm on the dance floor.

1980s

In 1981, the cable television network MTV was launched, originally devoted to music videos, especially popular rock music. MTV ( Music Television) is an American Cable television network based in New York City. The term "video jockey", or VJ, was used to describe the fresh faced youth who introduced the music videos. In 1982, the demise of disco in the mainstream by the summer of 1982 forced many nightclubs to either close or to change entertainment styles, such as by providing MTV style video dancing or live bands. Released in 1982, the song "Planet Rock" by DJ Afrika Bambaataa was the first hip-hop song to feature synthesizers. Afrika Bambaataa (born Kevin Donovan on April 17, 1957) is an American DJ from the South Bronx, who was instrumental in the The song melded electronic hip hop beats with the melody from Kraftwerk's "Trans-Europe Express". In 1982, the compact disc reached the public market in Asia and early the following year in other markets. A Compact Disc (also known as a CD) is an Optical disc used to store digital data, originally developed for storing digital audio This event is often seen as the "Big Bang" of the digital audio revolution. Digital audio uses Digital signals for Sound reproduction. This includes analog-to-digital conversion, digital-to-analog conversion, storage

In the early 1980s, NYC disco DJ Larry Levan, known for his eclectic mixes, gained a cult following; and the Paradise Garage, the nightclub at which he spun, became the prototype for the modern dance club where the music and the DJ were showcased. Larry Levan (born Lawrence Philpot July 20, 1954 &ndash died November 8, 1992 At the height of the disco boom in 1977 Levan was offered The Paradise Garage was a nightclub notable in the history of modern gay and Nightclub cultures and in dance and Pop musics ref>Violette Around the same time, the disco-influenced electronic style of dance music called House music emerged in Chicago. Disco is a Genre of dance-oriented music whose origins are hard to define House music is a style of Electronic dance music initially popularized in mid-1980s Discothèques catering to the African-American, Latino The name was derived from the Warehouse club in Chicago, where the resident DJ, Frankie Knuckles, mixed old disco classics and Eurosynth pop. A warehouse club is a Retail store, usually selling a wide variety of Merchandise, in which customers pay annual membership fees in order to shop Chicago (ʃɪˈkɑːgoʊ is the largest City by population in the state of Illinois and the American Midwest of the United States. Frankie Knuckles (born January 18 1955, New York) is an American DJ, Record producer and Remix artist House music is essentially disco music with electronic drum machine beats. The common element of most house music is a 4/4 beat generated by a drum machine or other electronic means (such as a sampler), together with a solid (usually also electronically generated) synth bassline. For the early "drum machine" computers that used a rotating cylinder as their main memory see Drum memory A drum machine is an A sampler is an electronic musical instrument closely related to a Synthesizer. A bassline (also spelled bass line) is the term used in many styles of Popular music, such as jazz blues funk and electronic Music for the low-pitched In 1983, Jesse Saunders released what some consider the first house music track, "On & On". The mid-1980s also saw the emergence of New York Garage, a house music hybrid that was inspired by Levan's style and sometimes eschewed the accentuated high-hats of the Chicago house sound. Chicago house is the earliest style of House music. House music originated in North America at a Chicago, USA, nightclub called The

During the mid-1980s, Techno music emerged from the Detroit club scene. Techno is a form of Electronic dance music (EDM that emerged in Detroit, Michigan, USA during the mid to late 1980s Being geographically located between Chicago and New York, Detroit techno artists combined elements of Chicago house and New York garage along with European imports. Techno distanced itself from disco's roots by becoming almost purely electronic with synthesized beats. In 1985, the Winter Music Conference started in Fort Lauderdale Florida and becomes the premier electronic music conference for dance music disc jockeys. Fort Lauderdale, known as the "Venice of America" due to its expansive and intricate Canal system is a city in Broward County, Florida,

In 1985, TRAX Dance Music Guide was launched by American Record Pool in Beverly Hills. It was the first national DJ-published music magazine, created on the Macintosh computer using extensive music market research and early desktop publishing tools. Macintosh, commonly nicknamed Mac is a Brand name which covers several lines of Personal computers designed developed and marketed by Apple Inc In 1986, "Walk This Way", a rap-rock collaboration by Run DMC and Aerosmith, became the first hip-hop song to reach the Top 10 on the Billboard Hot 100. " Walk This Way " is a Song by American Hard rock group Aerosmith. Run-DMC was a pioneering hip hop group during the 1980s founded by Joseph "[The Reverend] Run" Simmons, Darryl "D Aerosmith is an American Hard rock band sometimes referred to as "The Bad Boys from Boston " and "America's Greatest Rock and Roll Band" This song was the first exposure of hip hop music, as well as the concept of the disc jockey as band member and artist, to many mainstream audiences. In 1988, DJ Times magazine was first published. DJ Times is considered by some to be the "Bible of the industry" for the professional DJ It was the first US-based magazine specifically geared toward the professional mobile and club DJ.

Starting in the mid 1980s, the wedding and banquet business changed dramatically with the introduction of DJ music, replacing the bands that had been the norm. Band Leaders like Jerry Perell and others, started DJ companies, like NY Rhythm DJ Entertainers. Using their knowledge of audience participation, MC charisma and "crowd pleasing" repertory selection, the wedding music industry became almost all DJ, while combining the class and elegance of the traditional band presentation. New DJs as well as Band Leaders with years of experience and professionalism transformed the entire industry. Now everyone loves a good banquet DJ. The latest trend is to combine real musicians with the DJ music for a more personal and artistic approach.

1990s-2000s

Jason Jollins performing at Pacha Buenos Aires
Jason Jollins performing at Pacha Buenos Aires

During the early 1990s, the rave scene built on the acid house scene. Jason Jollins (born in New York City) is an international DJ and Record producer. Pacha is a clubbing franchise with headquarters in Ibiza. The first Pacha club was opened in Sitges outside Barcelona in 1967. Buenos Aires is the Capital and largest city of Argentina. It is geographically located on the southern shore of the Río de la Plata, on the southeastern A rave (or rave party) is a term in use since the 1980s to describe Dance Parties (often all-night events Acid house is a sub-genre of House music that emphasizes a repetitive hypnotic and trance -like style with samples or spoken lines usually used rather than sung lyrics Some DJs, wanting to be the only source for hearing certain tunes, used "white labels" — records with no info printed on them — in an effort to prevent other trainspotters from learning what they were spinning. The rave scene changed dance music, the image of DJs, and the nature of promoting. The innovative marketing surrounding the rave scene created the first superstar DJs who established marketable "brands" around their names and sound. "Super Star" redirects here for the Sibel Tüzün song see Süper Star. Some of these celebrity DJs toured around the world and were able to branch out into other music-related activities.

During the early 1990s, the compact disc surpassed the gramophone record in popularity, but gramophone records continued to be made (although in very limited quantities) into the 21st century — particularly for club DJs and for local acts recording on small regional labels. A Compact Disc (also known as a CD) is an Optical disc used to store digital data, originally developed for storing digital audio During the mid-1990s, trance music, having run rampant in the German underground for several years, emerged as a major force in dance music throughout Europe and the UK. Trance is a style of Electronic dance music that developed in the 1990s It became one of the world's most dominant forms dance music by the end of the 1990s, thanks to a trend away from its repetitive, hypnotic roots, and towards commercialized song structure.

In 1991, Mobile Beat magazine, geared specifically toward mobile DJs, began publishing. In 1992, MPEG which stands for the Moving Picture Experts Group, released The MPEG-1 standard, designed to produce reasonable sound at low bit rates. The Moving Picture Experts Group, commonly referred to as simply MPEG, is a Working group of ISO / IEC charged with the development of video and The Moving Picture Experts Group, commonly referred to as simply MPEG, is a Working group of ISO / IEC charged with the development of video and The lossy compression scheme MPEG-1 Layer-3, popularly known as MP3, later revolutionized the digital music domain. MPEG-1 Audio Layer 3, more commonly referred to as MP3, is a Digital audio encoding format using a form of Lossy data compression In 1993, the first Internet "radio station", Internet Talk Radio, was developed by Carl Malamud. The Internet is a global system of interconnected Computer networks Because the audio was relayed over the Internet, it was possible to access internet radio stations from anywhere in the world. This made it a popular service for both amateur and professional disc jockeys operating from a personal computer.

In 1995, the first full-time, Internet-only radio station, Radio HK, began broadcasting the music of independent bands. In Popular music, independent music, often abbreviated as indie, is a term used to describe independence from major commercial record labels and an autonomous In 1996, Mobile Beat had its first national mobile DJ convention in Las Vegas. During the late 1990s, nu metal bands, such as Korn, Limp Bizkit, and Linkin Park, reached the height of their popularity. Nu metal (sometimes named new metal or nü metal) is a musical genre that emerged in the mid 1990s which fuses influences from grunge and Alternative Korn, occasionally typeset as KoЯn or KoRn, is an American Nu metal band from Bakersfield California, and is often credited with popularizing Limp Bizkit is an American Nu metal band from Jacksonville, Florida. Linkin Park is an American rock band from Agoura Hills, California. This new subgenre of alternative rock bore some influence from hip-hop because rhythmic innovation and syncopation are primary, often featuring DJs as band members. Alternative rock (also called alternative music, alt-rock or simply alternative; known primarily in the UK as indie) is a genre of As well, during the late 1990s, various DJ and VJ software programs were developed, allowing personal computer users to deejay or veejay using his or her personal music or video files.

In 1998, the first MP3 digital audio player was released, the Eiger Labs MPMan F10. Final Scratch debuted at the BE Developer Conference, marking the first digital DJ system to allow DJs control of MP3 files through special time coded vinyl records or CDs. Final Scratch is a DJ tool created by the Dutch company N2IT with input from Richie Hawtin (aka Plastikman and John Acquaviva that allows manipulation and playback While it would take sometime for this novel concept to catch on with the "die hard Vinyl DJs", This would soon become the first step in the new Digital DJ revolution. Manufacturers joined with computer DJing pioneers to offer professional endorsements, the first being Professor Jam, who went on to develop the industry's first dedicated computer DJ convention and learning program, the "CPS (Computerized Performance System) DJ Summit", to help spread the word about the advantages of this emerging technology. In 1999, Shawn Fanning released Napster, the first of the massively popular peer-to-peer file sharing systems. Shawn "Napster" Fanning (born November 22, 1980, Brockton Massachusetts) is a Computer programmer. Napster was an online music file sharing service created by Shawn Fanning while he was attending Northeastern University in Boston and operating For other uses of the term see Peer-to-peer (disambiguation For peer-to-peer networks used for file sharing see File sharing See Shared resource for the conventional meaning of file sharing File sharing refers to the providing and receiving of digital files over a During this period, the AVLA (Audio Video Licensing Agency) of Canada announced an MP3 DJing license, administered by the Canadian Recording Industry Association. This meant that DJs could apply for a license giving them the right to "burn" their own compilation CDs of "usable tracks", instead of having to cart their whole CD collections around to their gigs.

By the 2000s, play lists became tightly regulated, and new technologies such as voice tracking, allowed single DJs to send announcements across many stations. Voice tracking, also called cyber jocking and referred to sometimes colloquially as a robojock, is a technique employed by some Radio stations to produce Some music aficionados seek out freeform stations that put the DJs back in control, or end up dumping terrestrial radio in favor of satellite radio services or portable music players. Freeform, or freeform radio, is a Radio station programming format in which the Disc jockey is given total control over A satellite radio or subscription radio (SR is a Digital radio signal that is broadcast by a Communications satellite, which covers a much wider geographical College radio stations and other public radio outlets are the most common places for freeform play lists in the U. Campus radio (also known as college radio, university radio or student radio) is a type of Radio station that is run by the students of a college Public broadcasting refers to radio television and other electronic media outlets that receive some or all of their funding from the public S.

In 2001, Apple Computer's iPod was introduced and quickly became the highest selling brand of portable digital mp3 audio player. Apple Inc, ( formerly Apple Computer Inc, is an American Multinational corporation with a focus on designing and manufacturing Consumer electronics iPod is a popular brand of Portable media players designed and marketed by Apple Inc The convenience and popularity of the iPod spawns a new type of DJ, the self-penned "MP3J". First appearing in certain East London clubs, and spreading to other music scenes, including New York City, this new DJ scene allowed the average music fan to bring two iPods to an "iPod Night", plug in to the mixer, and program a play list without the skill and equipment demanded by a more traditional DJ setup, and without needing to bring a heavy case of CDs. East London is the name commonly given to the north eastern part of London, England on the north side of the River Thames.

In 2006 Rane introduced its own version of the digital vinyl DJ system Serato Scratch Live making improvements in overall system stability and more closely emulating the feel of true vinyl. Scratch Live is a Vinyl emulation software application created by New Zealand based Serato Audio Research. Soon after many nightclub deejays that had remained true vinyl record aficionados began the transition to becoming digital vinyl users. In 2006, the concept of DJ had its 100 year anniversary. In 2006, Mobile Beat Magazine and ProDJ. Com merged, creating a new resource for mobile disc jockeys.

Bibliography

See also

References

  1. ^ Last Night a DJ Saved My Life, written by Bill Brewster and Frank Broughton, Published by Headline, updated 2006
  2. ^ a b Graudins, Charles A. Not to be confused with Disc jockey A deejay (alternatively spelled DJ) is a Reggae or Dancehall musician who sings Electronic music is music that employs Electronic musical instruments and Electronic Music technology in its production The Technics SL-1200 is a series of turntables manufactured since October 1972 by Matsushita under the Brand name of Technics. DJ digital controllers are MIDI controllers for playing computer based music tracks normally at clubs or events A nightclub (or "night club" or "club" is a drinking, dancing, and entertainment venue which does its primary business after dark A VJ is a Performance artist who creates moving visual art (often Video) on large displays or screens often at events such as Concerts, Nightclubs Turntablism is the art of manipulating sounds and creating music using phonograph turntables and a DJ mixer. The phonograph, or gramophone, was the most common device for playing recorded Sound from the 1870s through the 1980s A gramophone Disc and disk are the two alternative spellings of the descriptive word for things of a generally thin and circular geometry A discothèque, diskoˈtɛk̚ compare the Spanish "discoteca" is an Entertainment venue or Club with recorded music played by "Discaires" BEARRIESLive Experimental/House Trio from Chicago IL (Click link below to see photo Live PA, sometimes written LivePA, meaning Live Personal Appearance or A Computer DJ is defined as a DJ who uses a computer or laptop to play digital music usually. Seoul World DJ Festival is held annually at the Nanji campground(Seoul Korea South Korea by SangSang factory How to Be a DJ. Boston: Course Technology PTR, 2004.
  3. ^ a b c Zemon, Stacy. The Mobile DJ Handbook: How to Start & Run a Profitable Mobile Disc Jockey Service, Second Edition. St. Louis: Focal Press, 2002.
  4. ^ Brewster, Bill (2006). Last Night a DJ Saved my Life. Headline, 29. ISBN 0-7553-1398-4.  
  5. ^ a b Ray Newby appearance on CBS' I've Got a Secret, September 27, 1965. CBS Broadcasting Inc ( CBS) is an American radio and Television network. For IGAS qua graphology organization see International Graphoanalysis Society I've Got a Secret is a weekly panel Game show produced Events 489 - Odoacer attacks Theodoric at the Battle of Verona and is defeated again Year 1965 ( MCMLXV) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar of the 1965 Gregorian calendar. Secret listed as: "'I was the world's first radio disc jockey' (in 1909). " Rebroadcast on the Game Show Network on May 22, 2008. Events 334 BC - The Greek army of Alexander the Great defeats Darius III of Persia in the Battle of the Granicus. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common
  6. ^ Bay Area Radio Museum. Doc Herrold and Ray Newby. Retrieved on 2008-21-05.
  7. ^ Fisher, Marc. Something in the Air. Random House, 13. ISBN 978-0-375-50907-0.  

External links

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Dictionary

disc jockey

-noun

  1. A person who plays and mixes music, usually pre-recorded, at nightclubs, over the radio, and/or as a backup musician for spoken word, or hip hop performers. Abbreviated as DJ or deejay.
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