Dire Dawa is one of two chartered cities (astedader akabibi) in Ethiopia (the other being the capital, Addis Ababa). |||} Ethiopia has the following administrative divisions Regions and chartered cities See also Regions of Ethiopia The 9 regions or killoch are NOTE This intro is the result of careful NPOV work Please do not make potentially controversial edits to it without first discussing on the talk page Addis Ababa (sometimes spelled Addis Abeba, the spelling used by the official Ethiopian Mapping Authority Amharic This chartered city is divided administratively into two woredas, the city proper and the non-urban woreda of Gurgura. Woreda (also spelled wereda) is an Administrative division of Ethiopia (managed by a local government equivalent to a District. Gurgura is one of the four Woredas in the chartered city of Dire Dawa in Ethiopia.
The first to arrive were the Gurguras of somalia who named the city Dira Dhawe or Dire Dawa which means in somali language "the place that Dir conquered or hit with his spear"
Dire Dawa lies in the eastern part of the nation, on the Dechatu River, at the foot of a ring of cliffs that has been described as "somewhat like a cluster of tea-leaves in the bottom of a slop-basin. The Dir ( Diir, دير is a Somali clan whose members live mostly in northern southern and central Somalia, as well as Djibouti and The Dechatu River is a tributary of the Awash River in Ethiopia. "[1] With a latitude and longitude of , this city is the second largest in Ethiopia.
The city is an industrial centre, home to several markets and the Aba Tenna Dejazmach Yilma International Airport. Sao Paulo Stock Exchangejpg|thumb| Virtual market arena where buyer and seller are not present and trade via intemediates and electronical information Aba Tenna Dejazmach Yilma International Airport ( Ge'ez: አባ ጤና ደጃዝማች ይልማ ድፍን ዓለም የአየር ማረፊያ ābbā ṭēnā dejāzmāč Haramaya University is 40 kilometers away from the city. Haramaya University (formerly known as Alemaya University) is one of the oldest universities in Ethiopia.
Contents |
History
Dire Dawa was founded in 1902 after the Addis Ababa - Djibouti Railway reached the area. The Imperial Railway Company of Ethiopia (often referred to by its French name Compagnie Impériale des Chemins de Fer Éthiopiens) was a semi-private firm founded Year 1902 ( MCMII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting The Imperial Railway Company of Ethiopia (often referred to by its French name Compagnie Impériale des Chemins de Fer Éthiopiens) was a semi-private firm founded The railroad could not reach the city of Harar at its higher elevation, so Dire Dawa was built nearby. This led to Dire Dawa becoming an important center of trade between the port of Djibouti and the capital city, Addis Ababa. (Dire Dawa is home to several market centers; the biggest being Taiwan along with Qefira which is located on the flood plain. Near Dire Dawa, trading happened in the town called Melka Jebdu. )
Soon afterwards, Ras Makonnen, the governor of Harar, ordered the construction of a road from Dire Dawa to Harar, one of the first in this part of the country. Ras Mäkonnen Wäldä-Mika'él KCMG ( May 8, 1852 &ndash March 21, 1906) was a general and the governor of Harar province This road was substantially improved in 1928, improving travel times between the two cities from two days to only a few hours. Year 1928 ( MCMXXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. [2] A generation later, the writer C. F. Rey described the city as the most "advanced" urban center in the area, with good roads, electric lights and piped water. [3]
In 1931, the Bank of Ethiopia opened its first branch in Dire Dawa. The National Bank of Ethiopia is the Central bank of the African country of Ethiopia. [4]
During the Italian invasion, Mussolini ordered that both Addis Ababa and Dire Dawa would be spared air attacks as a response of demands of the United States and certain European countries for the safety of their citizens. See also First Italo-Ethiopian War. The Second Italo–Abyssinian War (also referred to as the Second Italo-Ethiopian War) was a The United States of America —commonly referred to as the On 6 May 1936 Graziani's units, advancing from Harar, reached the barbed-wire fence at Dire Dawa where they met two French armed cars; the railway was under French administration, and with the departure of Emperor Haile Selassie two days earlier, they remained to protect French interests. Events 1527 - Spanish and German troops sack Rome; some consider this the end of the Renaissance. Year 1936 ( MCMXXXVI) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Graziani is an Italian Family name, and may refer to Ariel Graziani Ercole Graziani the Younger Haile Selassie I ( Ge'ez: am ኃይለ፡ ሥላሴ "Power of the Trinity " 23 July 1892 &ndash 27 August 1975 born Tafari Makonnen, was The next day, the first train under Italian control left Addis Ababa carrying the 46th Infantry Regiment. The two Italian forces met in Dire Dawa, and the occupation of the town was more or less a formality. Dire Dawa was occupied by two companies of the Transvaal Scottish infantry, which entered Dire Dawa unopposed 29 March 1941. Events 1461 - Wars of the Roses: Battle of Towton - Edward of York defeats Queen Margaret to become King Year 1941 ( MCMXLI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (the link will display 1941 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. [4]
Following the return of Emperor Haile Selassie, Dire Dawa was among the early provincial towns to have its own football league. Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a Team sport played between two teams of eleven players and is widely considered Around 1947, their Taffari team participated in the Ethiopian Championship series. The Ethiopian Football Federation (EFF is the governing body of football in Ethiopia. That same year, the Railroad Workers Syndicate of Dire Dawa, a labor union was formed for welfare purposes. The Trade unions of Ethiopia have a total membership of approximately 300000 [4] Although its leadership co-operated with the Government, it attempted to strike in 1949 which was brutally suppressed by government troops in 1949; at the time, all strikes were seen by government officials as a form of insurrection. Year 1949 ( MCMXLIX) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. [5]
In 1955 a public address system was installed in the central square, for receiving radio transmissions from the state radio and re-broadcasting them. [4]
The Ethiopian revolution affected the city in many ways. The Derg or Dergue was a communist military junta that came to power in Ethiopia following the ousting of Haile Selassie I. Starting March 1974, there was some unrest of workers; six people were wounded when police opened fire on demonstrating railwaymen and students on 17 April. Events 69 - After the First Battle of Bedriacum, Vitellius becomes Roman Emperor. Many Europeans, Yemeni Arabs and Indians left Dire Dawa; the Greek and Armenian churches were eventually closed due to dwindling membership. On 3 February 1975 the Derg announced that the Cotton Company of Ethiopia was among 14 textile enterprises to be fully nationalized. Events 1112 - Ramon Berenguer III of Barcelona and Douce I of Provence marry uniting the fortunes of those two states Year 1975 ( MCMLXXV) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Derg or Dergue was a communist military junta that came to power in Ethiopia following the ousting of Haile Selassie I. Nationalization, also spelled nationalisation, is the act of taking an industry or assets into the Public ownership of a national government The cement factory was also later nationalized. In August 1976, the entire leadership of the local branch of the teachers' union was sacked for alleged anti-revolutionary activities. Template talkInfobox Union for usage --> The Ethiopian Teachers' Association (ETA is a Trade union centre Ten new officials were appointed pending fresh elections. [4]
Dire Dawa was occupied by the EPRDF 31 May 1991. Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front (የኢትዮጵያ ሕዝቦች አብዮታዊ ዲሞክራሲያዊ ግንባር is the ruling political coalition in Events 1279 BC - Rameses II (The Great (19th dynasty becomes pharaoh of Ancient Egypt. Year 1991 ( MCMXCI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar. There were reports of about 100 people killed resisting the EPRDF. In 1991, when the Somali National Movement took control of northern Somalia, they dismantled and sold the only publicly owned industry in the whole Somali northern region, a cement factory located near Berbera, which was shipped off to help expand the cement factory in Dire Dawa. The Somali National Movement ( Dhaq dhaqaaqa wadaniga soomaliyeed, Arabic الحركة الوطنية الصوماليه was a 1980s Somali rebel group Somalia ( Soomaaliya; الصومال) officially the Somali Republic ( Jamhuuriyadda Soomaaliya, جمهورية الصومال) and formerly known [4]
Both the the Issa and Gurgura Liberation Front and the Oromo Liberation Front claim the city; as a result, there was numerous clashes between the two groups from 1991 until 1993. Issa and Gurgura Liberation Front (IGLF was a political faction in eastern Ethiopia, led by Riyaale Ahmed. The Oromo Liberation Front ( Oromo: Adda Bilisummaa Oromoo, Amharic: ኦሮሞ ፡ ነጽነት፡ ግንባር or OLF, is an organization This ongoing violence and the fear of protracted ethnic conflict caused the city to be designated federally administered city. Dire Dawa was separated from the Oromia Region around 1998 to become a chartered city. Oromia (sometimes spelled Oromiya and spelled Oromiyaa in the Oromo language) is one of the nine ethnic divisions ( kililoch) of Year 1998 ( MCMXCVIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar) [6]
On June 24, 2002, a small explosive was detonated at the headquarters of the Ethiopian Railway Commission in Dire Dawa. Events 972 - Battle of Cedynia, the first documented victory of Polish forces takes place See also 2002 (disambiguation Year 2002 ( MMII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. The Oromo Liberation Front (OLF) afterwards claimed responsibility for this attack in retaliation "for the continuing harassment of Oromo students, merchants, and farmers by the Ethiopian government. The Oromo Liberation Front ( Oromo: Adda Bilisummaa Oromoo, Amharic: ኦሮሞ ፡ ነጽነት፡ ግንባር or OLF, is an organization " Although blamed for other isolated incidents, this was the latest bombing inside Ethiopia for which the OLF claimed responsibility. [7]
The city was flooded in August 2006 when the Dechatu River overflowed its banks. A flood is an overflow of an expanse of water that submerges land a deluge The Dechatu River is a tributary of the Awash River in Ethiopia. About 200 people were reported dead, thousands were displaced and there was extensive damage to homes and markets. Floods are fairly common during the June-September rainy season; over 200 people in the region had been killed by flooding in 2005 that also did millions of dollars in damage. A wet season or rainy season is a Season in which the average Rainfall in a region is significantly increased [8]
Demographics
Based on figures from the Central Statistical Agency of Ethiopia (CSA) published in 2005, Dire Dawa has an estimated total population of 398,000, consisting of 199,000 men and 199,000 women. The Central Statistical Agency ( CSA; Amh: የማዕከላዊ ስታቲስቲክስ ኤጀንሲ is an agency of the government of Ethiopia designated 102,000 or 25. 6% of the population are estimated to be rural inhabitants, while 296,000 or 74. 4% are urban. With an estimated area of 1,213. 20 square kilometers, this chartered city has an estimated density of 328. 06 people per square kilometer. [9]
These estimates are based on the 1994 census, in which the city's population was reported to be 251,864, of which 127,286 were males and 124,578 were females. The percentage of males and females is about 50. 5 and 49. 5 percent, respectively. The urban residents of the administrative council numbered at the time 173,188 while its rural residents were 78,676. Furthermore, there were 52,245 households in Dire Dawa administrative council with an average of 4. 7 persons per household.
The major ethnic groups of the residents of Dire Dawa administrative council are the Oromo (48%), Amhara (27. Amhara ( Amharic: አማራ Ge'ez: አምሐራ is an Ethnic group in the central highlands of Ethiopia. 7%), Somali (13. Somalis ( Soomaaliyeed, الصوماليون are an ethnic group located in the Horn of Africa, also known as the Somali Peninsula. 9%), Gurage (4. Gurage is an ethnic group in Ethiopia. The Gurage people inhabit a semi-fertile semi-mountainous region in southwest Ethiopia, about 150 miles southwest 5%; 2. 3% Sebat Bet, 0. Sebat Bet Gurage language is spoken in Muher is spoken in Muher and Aklil Wereda in the mountains north of Chaha and EzhaCentral West Gurage Region Chaha is spoken in and 8% Sodo and 1. This article is about the Ethiopian town For the language see Soddo language. 4% Silt'e), and 5. Silt'e (ስልጥኘ or የስልጤ አፍ af is a Semitic language spoken in central Ethiopia, mainly within the Silt'e Zone in the Southern Nations 9% others. [10] Its official language is Amharic. Amharic (አማርኛ amarəñña) is a Semitic language spoken in North Central Ethiopia by the Amhara. 63. 2% of Dire Dawans are Muslim, 34. A Muslim (مسلم pronounced Muslim, not Muzlim) is an adherent of the Religion 5% Orthodox Christian, 1. The Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church (in transliterated Amharic: Yäityop'ya ortodoks täwahedo bétäkrestyan) is an Oriental 5% Protestant, 0. P'ent'ay or Pentay (Amharic- ፔንጤ is a Slang term widely used in modern Ethiopia, and among Ethiopians living abroad to describe Ethiopian Christians 7% Catholic, and 0. Catholic is an Adjective derived from the Greek adjective '' / 'katholikos' meaning "whole" or "complete". 1% followers of other religions.
Economy
Dire Dawa received postal service in August 1906, becoming the third location after Addis Ababa and Harar. Year 1906 ( MCMVI) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting Addis Ababa (sometimes spelled Addis Abeba, the spelling used by the official Ethiopian Mapping Authority Amharic Harar (var Harrar, Hārer, Harer; Adari) is an eastern city in Ethiopia, and the capital of the modern Harari Telephone service was available by 1954; by 1967, Dire Dawa had almost 500 telephone numbers, more than almost all other towns including Gondar, Harar, and Jimma. Gondar or Gonder ( Ge'ez: ጎንደር Gōnder, older ጐንደር Gʷandar, modern pronunciation Gʷender) is a city in Jimma is the largest city in southwestern Ethiopia. [4] The CSA estimated in 2005 that farmers in Dire Dawa had a total 40,400 head of cattle (representing 0. 1% of Ethiopia's total cattle), 46,280 sheep (0. 27%), 118,770 goats (0. 92%), 8,820 asses (0. 35%), 5,070 camels (1. 11%), 44,740 poultry of all species (0. 14%), and 840 beehives (less than 0. 1%). [11]
Chairmen of the Administrative Council
- Dametew Demissie 1990s
- Solomon Hailu 1990s - 2003
- Fisseha Zerihun 2003 - present
(This list is based on information from Worldstatesman.org. )
Notes
- ^ C. F. Beckham and G. W. B. Huntingford, Some Records of Ethiopia, 1593-1646 (London: Hakluyt Society, 1954), p. 224 n. 1.
- ^ Richard R. K. Pankhurst, An Economic History of Ethiopia (Addis Ababa: Haile Selassie University Press, 1968), pp. 289, 290.
- ^ Cited in Pankhurst, Economic History, p. 620
- ^ a b c d e f g "Local History in Ethiopia" (pdf) The Nordic Africa Institute website (accessed 1 March 2008)
- ^ Edmund J. Keller, Revolutionary Ethiopia (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1988), p. 147
- ^ States of Ethiopia at statoids. com
- ^ MIPT Terrorism Knowledge Base "Oromo Liberation Front (OLF) attacked Government target (June 24, 2002, Ethiopia)", last accessed 22 April 2006.
- ^ Scores killed in Ethiopia floods, BBC News, 6 August 2006
- ^ CSA 2005 National Statistics, Tables B. Events 1538 - Bogotá, Colombia, is founded by Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. 3 and B. 4.
- ^ FDRE States: Basic Information - Dire Dawa
- ^ CSA 2005 National Statistics, Tables D. 3 - D. 5.
External links
- Cities of Ethiopia: Dire Dawa, part I by John Taylor (Addis Tribune, 23 November 2001)
- Cities of Ethiopia: Dire Dawa, part II by John Taylor (Addis Tribune, 30 November 2001)
- FDRE States: Basic Information - Dire Dawa
| Cities of Ethiopia |
|
Adama (Nazret) | Addis Ababa | Adigrat | Adwa | Ambo | Arba Minch | Asella | Awasa | Axum | Bahir Dar | Debre Berhan | Debre Marqos | Debre Tabor | Debre Zeyit | Degehabur | Dembidolo | Dessie | Dila | Dire Dawa | Gambela | Goba | Gode | Gondar | Harar | Irgalem | Jijiga | Jimma | Kebri Dahar | Kombolcha | Mek'ele | Negele Arsi | Negele Boran | Nekemte | Shashamane | Sodo | Weldiya | Wukro | Ziway |
Dapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic