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For the extinct amphibian, see Diplocaulus. Diplocaulus ("double caul" is an extinct genus of leponspondyl Amphibian from the Permian period
For the Philadelphia-based producer and DJ, see Diplo. Diplo may refer to Ramón Rivero, Puerto Rican actor comedian and composer Diplo (DJ, Wesley Pentz (also variably known as Diplodocus
Diplodocus
Fossil range: Late Jurassic
Diplodocus carnegiei skeleton, Naturkundemuseum, Berlin.
Diplodocus carnegiei skeleton, Naturkundemuseum, Berlin. The Late Jurassic (or Malm) Epoch of the Jurassic Period is the unit of geologic time from 161 Berlin is the capital city and one of sixteen states of Germany.
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Sauropsida
Superorder: Dinosauria
Order: Saurischia
Suborder: Sauropodomorpha
Infraorder: Sauropoda
Family: Diplodocidae
Genus: Diplodocus
Marsh, 1878
Species
  • D. Chordates ( Phylum Chordata) are a group of Animals that includes the Vertebrates together with several closely related Invertebrates Reptiles, or members of the class Reptilia are air-breathing Cold-blooded Vertebrates that have skin covered in scales as opposed to hair or feathers Saurischia (sɔːˈrɪskiə, from the Greek sauros ( σαυρος) meaning 'lizard' and ischion ( ισχιον) meaning 'hip joint' The Sauropodomorpha (sɔˌrɒpədəˈmɔrfə were a group of long-necked herbivorous Dinosaurs that eventually dropped down on all fours and became Sauropoda (sɔˈrɒpədə or the sauropods (/ˈsɔroʊpɒd/ are a suborder or infraorder of the Saurischian ("lizard-hipped" Diplodocids, or members of the family Diplodocidae ("double beams" are a group of Sauropod Dinosaurs The family includes some of the longest Othniel Charles Marsh ( October 29, 1831 &ndash March 18, 1899) was one of the pre-eminent Paleontologists of the 19th century who In Biology, a species is one of the basic units of Biological classification and a Taxonomic rank. longus Marsh, 1878 (type)
  • D. In Taxonomy, a type species is the species that originally defined a genus. carnegiei Hatcher, 1901
  • D. John Bell Hatcher ( October 11, 1861 &ndash July 3, 1904) was an American Paleontologist and fossil hunter best known hayi Holland, 1924
  • D. hallorum (Gillette, 1991) Lucas et al. , 2004
Synonyms
  • Seismosaurus Gillette, 1991

Diplodocus (pronounced /dɪˈplɒdəkəs/,[1][2] /daɪˈplɒdəkəs/,[2] or /ˌdɪploʊˈdoʊkəs/[1]) is a genus of diplodocid sauropod dinosaur whose fossils were first discovered in 1877 by S. W. Williston. In Scientific nomenclature, synonyms are different Scientific names used for a single Taxon. A genus (plural genera from Γένος Latin genus "descent family type gender" is a low-level Taxonomic Diplodocids, or members of the family Diplodocidae ("double beams" are a group of Sauropod Dinosaurs The family includes some of the longest Sauropoda (sɔˈrɒpədə or the sauropods (/ˈsɔroʊpɒd/ are a suborder or infraorder of the Saurischian ("lizard-hipped" FOSSIL is a standard protocol for allowing serial communication for Telecommunications programs under the DOS Operating system. Samuel Wendell Williston ( July 10, 1852 &ndash August 30, 1918) was an American Educator and Paleontologist who was the The generic name, coined by Othniel Charles Marsh in 1878, is a Neo-Latin term derived from Greek διπλόος (diploos) "double" and δοκός (dokos) "beam",[1] in reference to its double-beamed chevron bones located in the underside of the tail. Othniel Charles Marsh ( October 29, 1831 &ndash March 18, 1899) was one of the pre-eminent Paleontologists of the 19th century who The term New Latin or Neo-Latin is used to describe a form the Latin language used between the end of the Medieval Latin period (c The Ancient Greek language is the historical stage in the development of the Hellenic language family spanning the Archaic (c A chevron is one of a series of Bones on the ventral (under side of the tail in many Reptiles Dinosaurs (such as Diplodocus These bones were initially believed to be unique to Diplodocus; however, they have since then been discovered in other members of the diplodocid family and in non-diplodocid sauropods such as Mamenchisaurus. Diplodocids, or members of the family Diplodocidae ("double beams" are a group of Sauropod Dinosaurs The family includes some of the longest Mamenchisaurus (mɑːˈmʌntʃiːˈsɔrəs mah-MUN-chee-SAW-rus, or spelling pronunciation /məˌmɛntʃiːˈsɔrəs/ was a plant-eating four-legged

It lived in what is now western North America at the end of the Jurassic Period. The Jurassic is a geologic period and system that extends from about Ma (million years ago to  Ma that is from the end of the Triassic to the beginning Diplodocus is one of the more common dinosaur fossils found in the Upper Morrison Formation, a sequence of shallow marine and alluvial sediments deposited about 150 to 147 million years ago, in what is now termed the Kimmeridgian and Tithonian stages. The Morrison Formation is a distinctive sequence of Late Jurassic Sedimentary rock that is found in the western United States which has been the most fertile source Annum is one form of the Latin noun meaning Year, not a form normally used for derivatives in modern languages the accusative singular The Kimmeridgian is a stage of the Late Jurassic Epoch. It spans the time between 155 The Tithonian is the final stage of the Late Jurassic Epoch. It spans the time between 150 The Morrison Formation records an environment and time dominated by gigantic sauropod dinosaurs such as Camarasaurus, Barosaurus, Apatosaurus and Brachiosaurus. Camarasaurus (ˌkæmərəˈsɔrəs KAM-uh-ruh-SAWR-us meaning 'chambered lizard' referring to the holes in its Vertebrae ( Greek καμαρα Barosaurus (ˌbæroʊˈsɔrəs BARR-oh-SAWR-us meaning 'heavy Lizard ' ( Greek barys/βαρυς meaning 'heavy' and Brachiosaurus (ˌbrækiəˈsɔrəs meaning "arm lizard" from the Greek brachion /βραχιων meaning "arm" and sauros [3]

Diplodocus is among the most easily identifiable dinosaurs, with its classic dinosaur shape, long neck and tail and four sturdy legs. For many years, it was the longest dinosaur known. Its great size may have been a deterrent to the predators Allosaurus and Ceratosaurus: their remains have been found in the same strata, which suggests they coexisted with Diplodocus. Allosaurus (ˌæləˈsɔrəs is a Genus of large Theropod Dinosaur that lived 155 to 145 million years ago in the Late Jurassic Ceratosaurus (ˌsɛrətəˈsɔrəs meaning 'horned lizard' in reference to the horn on its nose ( Greek κερας/κερατος keras/keratos meaning In Geology and related fields a stratum (plural strata) is a layer of rock or Soil with internally consistent characteristics that distinguishes

Contents

Description

Skeletal diagram, with humans for scale
Skeletal diagram, with humans for scale

One of the best-known sauropods, Diplodocus was a very large long-necked quadrupedal animal, with a long, whip-like tail. Quadrupedalism (from Latin meaning "four legs" is a form of land animal locomotion using four legs. Its forelimbs were slightly shorter than its hind limbs, resulting in a largely horizontal posture. The long-necked, long-tailed animal with four sturdy legs has been mechanically compared with a suspension bridge. [4] In fact, Diplodocus is the longest dinosaur known from a complete skeleton. [4] The partial remains of D. hallorum have increased the estimated length, though not as much as previously thought; when first described in 1991, discoverer David Gillete calculated it may have been up to 54 m (177. 05 ft) long, making it the longest known dinosaur (excluding those known from especially poor remains, such as Amphicoelias). Amphicoelias (ˌæmfɨˈsiːliəs meaning 'doubly hollow' from the Greek amphi: "on both sides" and koilos: "hollow concave" Some weight estimates ranged as high as 113 (rather only 50) tonnes (125 US short tons). This article is about the tonne or metric ton For other tons see Ton. The short ton ( S/T) is a unit of mass equal to 2000 lb (around 907 This review was based on recent findings that show that the giant tail vertebrae were actually placed further forward on the tail than Gillete originally calculated. The study shows that the complete Diplodocus skeleton at the Carnegie Museum of Natural History in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania on which estimates of Seismosaurus were based had its 13th tail vertebra come from another dinosaur, throwing size estimates for Seismosaurus off by up to 30%. This article is about an organization that operates museums For the foundation which supports scientific research refer to the Carnegie Institution of Washington. While dinosaurs such as Supersaurus were probably longer, fossil remains of these animals are only fragmentary. Supersaurus (meaning "super lizard" is a Genus of Diplodocid Sauropod Dinosaur discovered in the Upper Jurassic [5]

Diplodocus skull from Bone-Cabin Quarry.
Diplodocus skull from Bone-Cabin Quarry. Bone Cabin Quarry lies approximately fifteen miles north of Laramie Wyoming near historic Como Bluff.

The skull of Diplodocus was very small, compared with the size of the animal, which could reach up to 35 m (115 ft),[6] of which over 6 m (20 ft) was neck. The largest organism found on earth can be measured using a variety of methods [7] Diplodocus had small, 'peg'-like teeth that pointed forward and were only present in the anterior sections of the jaws. In fields of Anatomy, anatomical terms of location are descriptive terms to help identify relative positions or directions within a species [8] Its braincase was small. The neck was composed of at least fifteen vertebrae and is now believed to have been generally held parallel to the ground and unable to have been elevated much past horizontal. A vertebra (plural vertebrae) is an individual Irregular bone in the spinal or Vertebral column ( aka ischis a flexuous and flexible column [9] Modern mass estimates have tended to be in the 10 to 16 tonne (11–17. This article is about the tonne or metric ton For other tons see Ton. 6 ton) range: 10 tonnes (11 tons);[10] 11. Units of mass There are three similar units of Mass called the ton: Long ton (simply ton in countries such as the United 5 tonnes (12. 7 tons);[11] 12. 7 tonnes (14 tons);[12] and 16 tonnes (17. 6 tons). [13]

Caudal vertebrae of Diplodocus carnegiei, Natural History Museum, London.
Caudal vertebrae of Diplodocus carnegiei, Natural History Museum, London. The Natural History Museum is one of three large Museums on Exhibition Road, South Kensington, London (the others are the Science Museum London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom.

Diplodocus had an extremely long tail, composed of about 80 caudal vertebrae,[14] which is almost double the number some of the earlier sauropods had in their tails (such as Shunosaurus with 43), and far more than contemporaneous macronarians had (such as Camarasaurus with 53). In fields of Anatomy, anatomical terms of location are descriptive terms to help identify relative positions or directions within a species Shunosaurus, meaning "Shu Lizard" is a Genus of Sauropod Dinosaur from Middle Jurassic (Bathonian–Callovian beds Macronaria is a Clade of Sauropod Dinosaurs from the Middle Jurassic ( Bathonian) to Late Cretaceous Periods of Camarasaurus (ˌkæmərəˈsɔrəs KAM-uh-ruh-SAWR-us meaning 'chambered lizard' referring to the holes in its Vertebrae ( Greek καμαρα There has been speculation as to whether it may have had a defensive[15] or noisemaking function. [16] The tail may have served as a counterbalance for the neck. The middle part of the tail had 'double beams' (oddly-shaped bones on the underside, which gave Diplodocus its name). They may have provided support for the vertebrae, or perhaps prevented the blood vessels from being crushed if the animal's heavy tail pressed against the ground. These 'double beams' are also seen in some related dinosaurs.

Like other sauropods, the manus (front "feet") of Diplodocus were highly modified, with the finger and hand bones arranged into a vertical column, horseshoe-shaped in cross section. A horseshoe is a U-shaped item made of metal or of modern synthetic materials nailed or glued to the Hooves of Horses and some other Draught Diplodocus lacked claws on all but one digit of the front limb, and this claw was unusually large relative to other sauropods, flattened from side to side, and detached from the bones of the hand. The function of this unusually specialized claw is unknown. [17]

Discovery and species

Presentation of the first replica of Diplodocus carnegiei to the trustees of the British Museum of Natural History, 12 May, 1905. Lord Avebury speaking.
Presentation of the first replica of Diplodocus carnegiei to the trustees of the British Museum of Natural History, 12 May, 1905. The Natural History Museum is one of three large Museums on Exhibition Road, South Kensington, London (the others are the Science Museum Events 1191 - Richard I of England marries Berengaria of Navarre. Lord Avebury speaking. Baron Avebury, of Avebury in the County of Wiltshire, is a title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom.

Several species of Diplodocus were described between 1878 and 1924. The first skeleton was found at Como Bluff, Wyoming by Benjamin Mudge and Samuel Wendell Williston in 1878, and was named Diplodocus longus ('long double-beam'), by paleontologist Othniel Charles Marsh in 1878. In Biology, the skeleton is a strong and often a rigid framework that supports the body of an animal holding it upright and giving it shape and strength (Also skeletal Como Bluff is a long ridge extending east-west located between the towns of Rock River and Medicine Bow, Wyoming. The State of Wyoming ( is a sparsely populated state in the western region of the United States. Benjamin Franklin Mudge ( August 11 1817 &ndash November 21 1879) was an American Lawyer, Geologist and Samuel Wendell Williston ( July 10, 1852 &ndash August 30, 1918) was an American Educator and Paleontologist who was the Palaeontology redirects here For the Scientific journal, see Palaeontology (journal. Othniel Charles Marsh ( October 29, 1831 &ndash March 18, 1899) was one of the pre-eminent Paleontologists of the 19th century who [18] Diplodocus remains have since been found in the Morrison Formation of the western U.S. States of Colorado, Utah, Montana and Wyoming. The Morrison Formation is a distinctive sequence of Late Jurassic Sedimentary rock that is found in the western United States which has been the most fertile source The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The State of Colorado ( or chiefly by nonresidents) is a state located in the Rocky Mountain region of the United States of America. The State of Utah (ˈjuːtɔː or) is a western state of the United States. Montana ( is a state in the Western United States. One-third of the state in the western part contains numerous mountain ranges (approximately 77 named of the northern The State of Wyoming ( is a sparsely populated state in the western region of the United States. Fossils of this animal are common, except for the skull, which is often missing from otherwise complete skeletons. FOSSIL is a standard protocol for allowing serial communication for Telecommunications programs under the DOS Operating system. Although not the type species, D. carnegiei is the most completely known and most famous due to the large number of casts of its skeleton in museums around the world.

The two Morrison Formation sauropod genera Diplodocus and Barosaurus had very similar limb bones. In the past, many isolated limb bones were automatically attributed to Diplodocus but may, in fact, have belonged to Barosaurus. [19]

Valid species

Seismosaurus redirects here. For the fictional mecha based on this dinosaur, see Seismosaurus (Zoids)

Diplodocus hallorum (formerly known as Seismosaurus)
Diplodocus hallorum (formerly known as Seismosaurus)

Nomina dubia (doubtful species)

Paleobiology

Due to a wealth of skeletal remains, Diplodocus is one of the best-studied dinosaurs. Many aspects of its lifestyle have been subjects of various theories over the years.

Habitat

Marsh and then Hatcher[26] assumed the animal was aquatic, because of the position of its nasal openings at the apex of the cranium. John Bell Hatcher ( October 11, 1861 &ndash July 3, 1904) was an American Paleontologist and fossil hunter best known Similar aquatic behavior was commonly depicted for other large sauropods such as Brachiosaurus and Apatosaurus. Brachiosaurus (ˌbrækiəˈsɔrəs meaning "arm lizard" from the Greek brachion /βραχιων meaning "arm" and sauros The idea of an aquatic existence was later debunked, as the water pressure on the chest wall of Diplodocus was proven to have been too great for the animal to have breathed. Since the 1970s, general consensus has the sauropods as firmly terrestrial animals, browsing on trees. However, a more recent theory suggests a likely riparian habitat for Diplodocus. "Riparian" redirects here For the legal doctrine see " Riparian water rights.

Posture

An outmoded depiction of Diplodocus by Oliver P. Hay (1910), with a high head and sprawled limbs
An outmoded depiction of Diplodocus by Oliver P. Hay (1910), with a high head and sprawled limbs[27]

The depiction of Diplodocus posture has changed considerably over the years. For instance, a classic 1910 reconstruction by Oliver P. Hay depicts two Diplodocus with splayed lizard-like limbs on the banks of a river. Hay argued that Diplodocus had a sprawling, lizard-like gait with widely-splayed legs,[28] and was supported by Gustav Tornier. However, this hypothesis was put to rest by W. J. Holland, who demonstrated that a sprawling Diplodocus would have needed a trench to pull its belly through. [29]

A classic depiction of Diplodocus by Mary Woodward (1905), with neck high up in the air and tail on the ground, a posture now generally believed to be incorrect
A classic depiction of Diplodocus by Mary Woodward (1905), with neck high up in the air and tail on the ground, a posture now generally believed to be incorrect

Later, diplodocids were often portrayed with their necks held high up in the air, allowing them to graze from tall trees. Diplodocids, or members of the family Diplodocidae ("double beams" are a group of Sauropod Dinosaurs The family includes some of the longest More recently, scientists have argued that the heart would have had trouble sustaining sufficient blood pressure to oxygenate the brain. Furthermore, more recent studies have shown that the structure of the neck vertebrae would not have permitted the neck to bend far upwards. [30][31]

As with the related genus Barosaurus, the very long neck of Diplodocus is the source of much controversy among scientists. A 1992 Columbia University study of Diplodocid neck structure indicated that the longest necks would have required a 1. Columbia University is a private University in the United States and a member of the Ivy League. 6 ton heart — a tenth of the animal's body weight. The study proposed that animals like these would have had rudimentary auxiliary 'hearts' in their necks, whose only purpose was to pump blood up to the next 'heart'. [4]

While the long neck has traditionally been interpreted as a feeding adaptation, a recent study[32] suggests that the oversized neck of Diplodocus and its relatives may have been primarily a sexual display, with any other feeding benefits coming second.

Diet

Diplodocus has highly unusual teeth compared to other sauropods. The crowns are long and slender, elliptical in cross-section, while the apex forms a blunt triangular point. [33] The most prominent wear facet is on the apex, though unlike all other wear patterns observed within sauropods, Diplodocus wear patterns are on the labial (cheek) side of both the upper and lower teeth. [33] What this means is Diplodocus and other diplodocids had a radically different feeding mechanism than other sauropods. Unilateral branch-stripping is the most likely feeding behaviour of Diplodocus,[34][35][36] as it explains the unusual wear patterns of the teeth (coming from tooth-food contact). In unilateral branch stripping, one tooth row would have been used to strip foliage from the stem, while the other would act as a guide and stabiliser. With the elongated preorbital (in-front of the eyes) region of the skull, longer portions of stems could be stripped in a single action. [33] Also the palinal (backwards) motion of the lower jaws could have contributed two significant roles to feeding behaviour: 1) an increased gape, and 2) allowed fine adjustments of the relative positions of the tooth rows, creating a smooth stripping action. [33]

Model Diplodocus standing on its hind legs in Bałtów, Poland.
Model Diplodocus standing on its hind legs in Bałtów, Poland.

With a laterally and dorsoventrally flexible neck, and the possibility of using its tail and rearing up on its hind limbs (tripodal ability), Diplodocus would have had the ability to browse at many levels (low, medium, and high), up to approximately 10 metres (33 ft) from the ground. [37] The neck's range of movement would have also allowed the head to graze below the level of the body, leading some scientists to speculate on whether Diplodocus grazed on submerged water plants, from riverbanks. This concept of the feeding posture is supported by the relative lengths of front and hind limbs. Furthermore, its peglike teeth may have been used for eating soft water plants. [30]

Other anatomical aspects

a) skull, b) classic rendering of the head with nostrils on top, c) Bakker's theory of a trunk, d) modern depiction with nostrils low on the snout and a possible resonating chamber
a) skull, b) classic rendering of the head with nostrils on top, c) Bakker's theory of a trunk, d) modern depiction with nostrils low on the snout and a possible resonating chamber

The head of Diplodocus has been widely depicted with the nostrils on top due to the position of the nasal openings at the apex of the skull. There has been speculation over whether such a configuration meant that Diplodocus may have had a trunk. [38] A recent study[39] surmised there was no paleoneuroanatomical evidence for a trunk. It noted that the facial nerve in an animal with a trunk, such as an elephant, is large as it innervates the trunk. The facial nerve is the seventh (VII of twelve paired Cranial nerves. The evidence suggests that the facial nerve is very small in Diplodocus. Studies by Lawrence Witmer (2001) indicated that, while the nasal openings were high on the head, the actual, fleshy nostrils were situated much lower down on the snout. [40]

Recent discoveries have suggested that Diplodocus and other diplodocids may have had narrow, pointed keratinous spines lining their back, much like those on an iguana. Keratins are a family of fibrous structural proteins; tough and insoluble they form the hard but nonmineralized structures found in Reptiles Birds Iguana is a Genus of Lizard native to tropical areas of Central and South America and the Caribbean first described by Austrian [41][42] This radically different look has been incorporated into recent reconstructions, notably Walking with Dinosaurs. Walking with Dinosaurs was a six-part Television series produced by the BBC, narrated by Kenneth Branagh, and first aired in the UK It is unknown exactly how many diplodocids had this trait, and whether it was present in other sauropods.

Reproduction and growth

While there is no evidence for Diplodocus nesting habits, other sauropods such as the titanosaurian Saltasaurus have been associated with nesting sites. Sauropoda (sɔˈrɒpədə or the sauropods (/ˈsɔroʊpɒd/ are a suborder or infraorder of the Saurischian ("lizard-hipped" Titanosaurs (members of the groups Titanosauria and/or Titanosauroidea) were a diverse group of sauropod Dinosaurs which included Saltasaurus Saltasaurus (which means "lizard from Salta " is a Genus of Sauropod Dinosaur of the Late Cretaceous [43][44] The titanosaurian nesting sites indicate that may have laid their eggs communally over a large area in many shallow pits, each covered with vegetation. It is possible that Diplodocus may have done the same. The documentary Walking with Dinosaurs portrayed a mother Diplodocus using an ovipositor to lay eggs, but it was pure speculation on the part of the documentary. Walking with Dinosaurs was a six-part Television series produced by the BBC, narrated by Kenneth Branagh, and first aired in the UK The ovipositor is an organ used by some of the Animals for Oviposition, i

Following a number of bone histology studies, Diplodocus, along with other sauropods, grew at a very fast rate, reaching sexual maturity at just over a decade, though continuing to grow throughout their lives. Bones are rigid organs that form part of the Endoskeleton of Vertebrates They function to move support and protect the various organs of the body produce Histology (from the Greek = 'tissue' is the study of the microscopic anatomy of cells and tissues of Plants and Sexual maturity is the age or stage when an Organism can reproduce. [45][46][47] Previous thinking held that sauropods would keep growing slowly throughout their lifetime, taking decades to reach maturity.

Classification

Mounted replica Diplodocus carnegiei skeleton, Natural History Museum, London.
Mounted replica Diplodocus carnegiei skeleton, Natural History Museum, London. The Natural History Museum is one of three large Museums on Exhibition Road, South Kensington, London (the others are the Science Museum London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom.

Diplodocus is both the type genus of, and gives its name to Diplodocidae, the family to which it belongs. In biology the phrase type genus is used differently depending on the nomenclatural ''Code'' that applies In zoological nomenclature, a type Diplodocids, or members of the family Diplodocidae ("double beams" are a group of Sauropod Dinosaurs The family includes some of the longest [24] Members of this family, while still massive, are of a markedly more slender build when compared with other sauropods, such as the titanosaurs and brachiosaurs. Titanosaurs (members of the groups Titanosauria and/or Titanosauroidea) were a diverse group of sauropod Dinosaurs which included Saltasaurus Brachiosauridae are a family of Dinosaurs whose members are known as brachiosaurids. All are characterised by long necks and tails and a horizontal posture, with forelimbs shorter than hindlimbs. Diplodocids flourished in the Late Jurassic of North America and possibly Africa[14] and appear to have been replaced ecologically by titanosaurs during the Cretaceous. The Cretaceous (kriːˈteɪʃəs, usually abbreviated 'K' for its German translation "Kreide" is a geologic period and system, reaching from the end of

A subfamily, Diplodocinae, was erected to include Diplodocus and its closest relatives, including Barosaurus. Barosaurus (ˌbæroʊˈsɔrəs BARR-oh-SAWR-us meaning 'heavy Lizard ' ( Greek barys/βαρυς meaning 'heavy' and More distantly related is the contemporaneous Apatosaurus, which is still considered a diplodocid although not a diplodocine, as it is a member of the subfamily Apatosaurinae. [48][49] The Portuguese Dinheirosaurus and the African Tornieria have also been identified as close relatives of Diplodocus by some authors. Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic (República Portuguesa is a country on the Iberian Peninsula. Dinheirosaurus (meaning "Porto Dinheiro lizard" is a Genus of Diplodocid Sauropod Dinosaur. Torniera ("Tornier's" is a Genus of Sauropod Dinosaur from Late Jurassic Tanzania. [50][51]

The Diplodocoidea comprises the diplodocids, as well as dicraeosaurids, rebbachisaurids, Suuwassea,[48][49] Amphicoelias[51] and possibly Haplocanthosaurus,[52] and/or the nemegtosaurids. Dicraeosauridae is a family of Sauropod dinosaurs known from the Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous of Africa and South America Rebbachisauridae is a family of Sauropod Dinosaurs known from fragmentary Fossil remains from the Cretaceous of South America Suuwassea (meaning "ancient thunder" is a Genus of diplodocoid Sauropod Dinosaur found in the Upper Jurassic Amphicoelias (ˌæmfɨˈsiːliəs meaning 'doubly hollow' from the Greek amphi: "on both sides" and koilos: "hollow concave" Haplocanthosaurus (meaning "simple spined lizard" is a Genus of Sauropod Dinosaur. Nemegtosauridae is a family of probably Titanosaurian Sauropod dinosaurs based originally on two late Cretaceous Mongolian species known [7] This clade is the sister group to, Camarasaurus, brachiosaurids and titanosaurians; the Macronaria. A clade is a taxonomic group comprising a single Common ancestor and all the descendants of that ancestor Brachiosauridae are a family of Dinosaurs whose members are known as brachiosaurids. [7][52] Together they comprise Neosauropoda; the largest, most diverse and successful group of sauropodomorph dinosaurs. The Sauropodomorpha (sɔˌrɒpədəˈmɔrfə were a group of long-necked herbivorous Dinosaurs that eventually dropped down on all fours and became

In popular culture

A statue of Diplodocus carnegiei in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
A statue of Diplodocus carnegiei in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

Diplodocus has been a famous and much-depicted dinosaur. Much of this has probably been due to its wealth of skeletal remains and former status as the longest known dinosaur. However, the donation of many mounted skeletal casts around the world a century ago[53] did much to familarise it to people worldwide. Casts of Diplodocus skeletons are still displayed in many museums worldwide, including an unusual D. hayi in the Houston Museum of Natural Science, and D. The Houston Museum of Natural Science is a Science museum located on the northern border of Hermann Park in Houston, Texas, USA. carnegiei in the Natural History Museum in London, the Natural Science Museum in Madrid, Spain, the Senckenberg Museum in Frankfurt, Germany, the Field Museum of Natural History in Chicago and, of course, the original is still on display at the Carnegie Museum of Natural History in Pittsburgh. The Natural History Museum is one of three large Museums on Exhibition Road, South Kensington, London (the others are the Science Museum London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. Madrid (pronounced in English in Spanish and colloquially in Spain) is the Capital and largest city of Spain. Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. The Senckenberg Museum in Frankfurt is the largest museum of natural history in Germany. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. The Field Museum of Natural History is located in Chicago, Illinois, USA. Chicago (ʃɪˈkɑːgoʊ is the largest City by population in the state of Illinois and the American Midwest of the United States. This article is about an organization that operates museums For the foundation which supports scientific research refer to the Carnegie Institution of Washington. A mounted skeleton of D. longus is at the Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History in Washington, D. C., while a mounted skeleton of D. The National Museum of Natural History is a Natural history Museum administered by the Smithsonian Institution, located on the National Washington DC ( formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, the District, or simply D hallorum (formerly Seismosaurus), which may be the same as D. longus, can be found at the New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science. The New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science is a Natural history and Science museum in Albuquerque New Mexico near Old Town Albuquerque

Illustration of two Diplodocus.
Illustration of two Diplodocus.

Diplodocus has been a frequent subject in dinosaur films, both factual and fictional. It was featured in the second episode of the award-winning BBC television series Walking with Dinosaurs. Walking with Dinosaurs was a six-part Television series produced by the BBC, narrated by Kenneth Branagh, and first aired in the UK The episode "Time of the Titans" follows the life of a simulated Diplodocus 152 million years ago. The animated feature Fantasia features many sauropods in the Rite of Spring sequence, some narrower-headed ones of which may be Diplodocus. Fantasia is a 1940 Animated film produced by Walt Disney, and is the third film in the Walt Disney Animated Classics. This article is about the ballet music For the emo/hardcore band see Rites of Spring The Rite of Spring, commonly referred In literature, James A. Michener's book Centennial has a chapter devoted to Diplodocus, narrating the life and death of one individual. James Albert Michener ( February 3, 1907 – October 16, 1997) was an American author of more than 40 titles the majority of which Centennial was a novel written by American author James Michener and published in 1974

Diplodocus is a commonly-seen figure in dinosaur toy and scale model lines. This article is about playthings For other uses of the term see Toy (disambiguation. A scale model is a representation or copy of an object that is larger or smaller than the actual size of the object. It has had two separate figures in the Carnegie Collection. The Carnegie Collection is a series of authentic Replicas based on Dinosaurs and other extinct Prehistoric creatures using Fossils featured at

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External links

Dictionary

diplodocus

-noun

  1. Any of several herbivorous sauropod dinosaurs, of the genus Diplodocus, known as fossils from the late Jurassic in North America.
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