Dimers of carboxylic acids are often found in vapour phase. Carboxylic acids are Organic acids characterized by the presence of a Carboxyl group, which has the formula -C(=OOH usually written -COOH or -CO2H

Diethylene glycol is a dimer of ethylene glycol. Diethylene glycol (DEG is an Organic compound described by the structural formula HO-CH2-CH2-O-CH2-CH2-OH Ethylene glycol ( monoethylene glycol ( MEG) 12-ethanediol, IUPAC name: ethane-12-diol) is an Alcohol with two -OH

A dimer is a chemical or biological entity consisting of two subunits called monomers, which are held together by either intramolecular forces (covalent bonds) or weaker intermolecular forces. A chemical substance is a Material with a definite chemical composition. A monomer (from Greek mono "one" and meros "part" is a small Molecule that may become chemically bonded to other Intramolecular in Chemistry describes a process or characteristic limited within the structure of a single Molecule; a property or phenomenon limited to the extent In Physics, Chemistry, and Biology, intermolecular forces are forces that act between stable Molecules or between functional groups of

Chemistry

The dimer of cyclopentadiene although this might not be readily apparent on initial inspection

An example of a molecular dimer (i. Cyclopentadiene is a Chemical compound with the formula C5H6 This colorless liquid organic chemical has a strong In Chemistry, a molecule is defined as a sufficiently stable electrically neutral group of at least two Atoms in a definite arrangement held together by e. held together by intramolecular forces) is dicyclopentadiene, wherein two cyclopentadiene molecules have reacted to give the product. Intramolecular in Chemistry describes a process or characteristic limited within the structure of a single Molecule; a property or phenomenon limited to the extent Dicyclopentadiene, abbreviated DCPD, is the Chemical compound with the formula C10H12 Cyclopentadiene is a Chemical compound with the formula C5H6 This colorless liquid organic chemical has a strong

Molecular dimers are often formed by the reaction of two identical compounds e. In Chemistry, a molecule is defined as a sufficiently stable electrically neutral group of at least two Atoms in a definite arrangement held together by g. : 2A → A-A.

In this example, monomer "A" is said to dimerise to give the dimer "A-A". A monomer (from Greek mono "one" and meros "part" is a small Molecule that may become chemically bonded to other Diaminocarbenes are another example which dimerise, to give tetraaminoethylenes. A persistent carbene (also known as a stable carbene or an Arduengo carbene is a type of Carbene demonstrating particular stability despite also being a Reactive Tetraaminoethylene organic compounds of the generla chemical formula (R2N2C=C(NR22

An example of an intermolecular or physical dimer is acetic acid wherein hydrogen bonds hold the two molecules together. In Physics, Chemistry, and Biology, intermolecular forces are forces that act between stable Molecules or between functional groups of Acetic acid, also known as ethanoic acid, is an organic chemical compound, giving Vinegar its sour taste A hydrogen bond results from a Dipole-dipole force between an Electronegative atom and a Hydrogen atom bonded to Nitrogen, Oxygen The water dimer is another such dimer. The water dimer consists of two water molecules loosely bound by a Hydrogen bond.

The term homodimer is used when the two molecules are identical (e. g. A-A) and heterodimer when they are not (e. g. A-B).

The reverse of dimerisation is often called disassociation. Dissociation in Chemistry and Biochemistry is a general process in which ionic compounds ( complexes, Molecules, or Salts) separate

Biochemistry

In biochemistry and molecular biology, dimers of macromolecules like proteins and nucleic acids are often observed. Biochemistry is the study of the chemical processes in living Organisms It deals with the Structure and function of cellular components such as Molecular biology is the study of Biology at a molecular level The term macromolecule by definition implies "large Molecule " Proteins are large Organic compounds made of Amino acids arranged in a linear chain and joined together by Peptide bonds between the Carboxyl A nucleic acid is a Macromolecule composed of chains of monomeric Nucleotides In Biochemistry these Molecules carry Genetic information The dimerization of identical subunits is called homodimerization; the dimerization of different subunits or unrelated monomers is called heterodimerization. A monomer (from Greek mono "one" and meros "part" is a small Molecule that may become chemically bonded to other Most dimers in biochemistry are not connected by covalent bonds with the exception of disulfide bridges. In Chemistry, a disulfide bond is a single Covalent bond derived from the coupling of Thiol groups An example of this would be the enzyme reverse transcriptase, which is made of two different amino acid chains. In Biochemistry, a reverse transcriptase, also known as RNA-dependent DNA polymerase, is a DNA polymerase Enzyme that transcribes In Chemistry, an amino acid is a Molecule containing both Amine and Carboxyl Functional groups In Biochemistry, this

Examples

• Nucleic acids:
  • DNA
• DNA Polymerase
• Proteins:
  • Antibodies
  • Protein kinases:
    • Receptor tyrosine kinases
  • Transcription factors
    • Leucine zipper motif proteins
    • Nuclear receptors
  • 14-3-3 proteins
  • G protein-coupled receptors
  • G protein βγ-subunit dimer
  • Kinesin
  • Triosephosphateisomerase (TIM)
  • Alcohol dehydrogenase
  • Factor XI
  • Factor XIII
  • Toll-like receptor
  • Fibrinogen

See also

• Monomer
• Trimer
• Oligomer
• Polymer

External links

• Reverse transcriptase
• Homo and hetero dimeric proteins