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See text. Digitaria sanguinalis is a species of grass known by the common name hairy crabgrass. Plants are living Organisms belonging to the kingdom Plantae. The flowering plants or angiosperms ( Angiospermae or Magnoliophyta) are the most widespread group Liliopsida is a Botanical name for the class containing the family Liliaceae (or Lily Family Poales is an order of Flowering plants in the Monocotyledons and includes families of plants such as the grasses, Bromeliads, Poaceae or Gramineae is a family in the Class Liliopsida of the flowering plants. Panicoideae is a Subfamily of the true grass family. |
Digitaria is a genus of about 300 species of grass (family Poaceae) native to tropical and warm temperate regions. A genus (plural genera from Γένος Latin genus "descent family type gender" is a low-level Taxonomic Grass is the common word that generally describes Monocotyledonous green Plants The family Gramineae ( Poaceae) are the "true grasses" and include Poaceae or Gramineae is a family in the Class Liliopsida of the flowering plants. Common names include crabgrass, finger-grass, and fonio. They are slender monocotyledonous annual and perennial lawn, pasture, and forage plants; some are often considered lawn pests. Monocotyledons or monocots are one of two major groups of Flowering plants (angiosperms that are traditionally recognised the other being Dicotyledons Digitus is the Latin word for "finger", and they are distinguished by the long, finger-like inflorescences they produce. Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. An inflorescence is a group or cluster of Flowers arranged on a stem that is composed of a main Branch or a complicated arrangement of branches
All crabgrasses have similar growth habits and flowering structures, but species are separated by minor differences in the flower structures and leaf pubescence. A flower, also known as a bloom or Blossom, is the reproductive structure found in Flowering plants (plants of the division Magnoliophyta, also In Botany, a leaf is an above-ground Plant organ specialized for Photosynthesis. [1] They typically have spreading stems with wide flat leaf blades that lie on the ground with the tips ascending. The inflorescence is a panicle in which the spike-like branches are arranged in digitate fashion. A panicle is a compound Raceme, a loose much-branched indeterminate Inflorescence with pedicellate Flowers (and Fruit The spikelets are arranged in two rows on an angled or winged rachis. Rachis is also the alternate spelling of Ratchis, king of the Lombards 744-749 Each spikelet has two florets, only one of which is fertile. The first bracts at the base of the spikelets are either very minute or absent. [2]
Crabgrass seed has a menstration germination period; if conditions are right, it can germinate throughout the growing season. Germination is the process whereby growth emerges from a period of dormancy Crabgrasses occur in tropical, subtropical, and temperate regions of both hemispheres.
Despite their weediness, crabgrasses do have a few redeeming qualities. The seeds, most notably those of fonio, can be toasted and ground into a flour, which can be used to make porridge or fermented to make beer. Fonio is the term for cultivated grains in the Digitaria genus Flour is a powder made of Cereal grains It is the key ingredient of Bread, which is a staple food in many countries and therefore the availability Porridge, or porage, is a simple dish made by boiling Oats (normally crushed oats occasionally Oatmeal) or another cereal in Water Fermentation in Food processing typically refers to the conversion of Sugar to Alcohol using Yeast under Anaerobic conditions Beer is the world's oldest and most widely consumed Alcoholic beverage and the third most popular drink overall after water and tea Fonio has been widely used as a staple crop in parts of Africa. Fonio is the term for cultivated grains in the Digitaria genus A staple food is a Food that forms the basis of a Traditional diet. It also has decent nutrient qualities as a forage for cattle.
"Crabgrass" can also refer to a garden or yard. [3]
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Lawns
The most prevalent species of Digitaria in North America are Large Crabgrass (D. sanguinalis), sometimes known as Hairy Crabgrass; and Smooth Crabgrass (D. ischaemum). These species often become problem weeds in lawns and gardens, growing especially well in lawns that are watered lightly, underfertilized, poorly drained, and growing thinly. WEED (1390 AM) is a Radio station broadcasting a Spanish format [4] They are annual plants, and one plant is capable of producing 150,000 seeds per season. The seeds germinate in the late spring and early summer and outcompete the domesticated lawn grasses and expand outward in a circle up to 12 inches in diameter. In the fall when the plants die they leave large voids in the lawn. The voids then become prime areas for the crabgrass seeds to germinate the following season. Crabgrasses also have a different texture and color that often interrupts the uniformity of a lawn. In vegetable gardens, crabgrass can quickly out-compete desirable plants, causing yield reductions. The term " vegetable " generally means the edible parts of Plants The definition of the word is traditional rather than Scientific, however Crabgrasses can be controlled with pre-emergent herbicides that interfere with a key enzyme when a seed germinates. Preemergent herbicides prevent the Germination of seeds by inhibiting a key Enzyme. These herbicides must be applied at a critical time. If they are applied to the soil too early, they get washed too deep into the soil by rainwater. If they are applied too late the key enzyme inhibited is no longer active. The rule of thumb is to apply when the local forsythia blooms are wilting. Forsythia is of Flowering plants in the family Oleaceae (olive family
Selected species
- Digitaria ammophila Silky Umbrella Grass
- Digitaria bicornis Finger Grass
- Digitaria brownii Cotton Panic Grass
- Digitaria californica Arizona Cottontop
- Digitaria ciliaris Summer Grass, Southern Crabgrass
- Digitaria ctenantha Comb Finger Grass
- Digitaria didactyla Queensland Blue Couch
- Digitaria eriantha Pangolagrass
- Digitaria exilis Fonio
- Digitaria filiformis Slender Crabgrass
- Digitaria gracillima Longleaf Crabgrass
- Digitaria horizontalis Jamaican Crabgrass
- Digitaria insularis Sourgrass
- Digitaria ischaemum Smooth or Small Crabgrass, Smooth Finger-grass
- Digitaria longiflora Indian Crabgrass
- Digitaria milanjiana Madagascar Crabgrass
- Digitaria nuda Naked Crabgrass
- Digitaria pauciflora Twospike Crabgrass
- Digitaria radicosa Trailing Crabgrass
- Digitaria sanguinalis Hairy Crabgrass, Northern Crabgrass, Hairy Finger-grass, Pigeon Grass, Large Crabgrass
- Digitaria serotina Dwarf Crabgrass
- Digitaria texana Texas Crabgrass
- Digitaria velutina Velvet Crabgrass
- Digitaria villosa Shaggy Crabgrass
- Digitaria violascens Violet Crabgrass
- Taxonomic relationsip of Digitaria in Pakistan
- New subspecies of Digitaria sanguinalis from Pakistan
Images
Crabgrass
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References
- ^ Andrea S. Fonio is the term for cultivated grains in the Digitaria genus Sourgrass is a common name given to several species of Oxalis, including Oxalis pes-caprae, also known as Cape Sorrel or Bermuda Buttercup Digitaria sanguinalis is a species of grass known by the common name hairy crabgrass. Vega and Zulma Rúgolo de Agrasar, Morphological interpretation of the spikelet in Digitaria atra (Poaceae: Panicoideae: Paniceae) and emended generic description American Journal of Botany (2001)
- ^ Museum of Natural History, University of Minnesota by A. F. Cholewa and J. F. Bell
- ^ Amazon.com: Crabgrass Frontier: The Suburbanization of the United States: Books: Kenneth T. Jackson
- ^ Crabgrass and Lawn Care