Differential may refer to:

Contents 1 Medicine 2 Mathematics 3 Natural sciences and engineering 4 Social sciences 5 Other uses

Medicine

• Differential diagnosis refers to the characterization of the underlying cause of pathological states based on specific tests. A differential diagnosis (sometimes abbreviated DDx, ddx

• Differential WBC count is the enumeration of each type of white blood cells either manually or using automated analyzers. An automated analyser is a Medical laboratory instrument designed to measure different chemicals and other characteristics in a number of biological samples quickly with minimal

Mathematics

• Differential (calculus), multiple related meanings in calculus and differential geometry, such as an infinitesimal change in the value of a function

• In traditional approaches to calculus, the differential of a function represents an infinitesimal change in its value and employs the dx, dy, dt, symbols. In mathematics and more specifically in Differential calculus, the term differential has several interrelated meanings In differential calculus, a differential is traditionally an Infinitesimally small change in a Variable. Infinitesimals (from a 17th century Modern Latin coinage infinitesimus, originally referring to the " Infinite[[ th]]" member of a series have
• In differential geometry, differentials represent the exterior derivatives of the coordinate functions on a differentiable manifold. Differential geometry is a mathematical discipline that uses the methods of differential and integral Calculus to study problems in Geometry In Differential geometry, the exterior derivative extends the concept of the differential of a function which is a form of degree zero to Differential forms In Mathematics and its applications a coordinate system is a system for assigning an n - Tuple of Numbers or scalars to each point A differentiable manifold is a type of Manifold that is locally similar enough to Euclidean space to allow one to do Calculus.

• Differential (coboundary), in homological algebra and algebraic topology, one of the maps of a cochain complex
• Differential (cryptography), in differential cryptanalysis, a pair consisting of the difference, usually computed by XOR (exclusive or), between two plaintexts, and the difference of the corresponding ciphertexts

See also derivative, differential calculus. In Mathematics, a chain complex is a construct originally used in the field of Algebraic topology. Differential cryptanalysis is a general form of Cryptanalysis applicable primarily to Block ciphers but also to Stream ciphers and Cryptographic hash In Calculus, a branch of mathematics the derivative is a measurement of how a function changes when the values of its inputs change Differential Calculus, a field in Mathematics, is the study of how functions change when their inputs change

Natural sciences and engineering

• Differential (mechanical device). This article deals with the concept of a differential in mechanical engineering. As part of a powertrain, the device that allows each of the driving wheels to rotate at different speeds. For the UK engine manufacturer see Powertrain Ltd. In a Motor vehicle, the term drivetrain, powertrain or powerplant
• Electronic Differential, an electric motor controller which substitutes its mechanical counterpart with significant advantages in electric vehicle application. The main purpose of the electronic differential is to substitute the mechanical differential in multi-drive systems providing the demanded Torque for each driving
• In electronics, differential signaling applies to a method of transmitting electronic signals over a pair of wires to improve noise immunity. Electronics refers to the flow of charge (moving Electrons through Nonmetal conductors (mainly Semiconductors, whereas electrical Differential signaling is a method of transmitting Information electrically by means of two complementary Signals sent on two separate wires

Social sciences

• Semantic and structural differentials in psychology
• A quality spread differential in finance
• Compensating differential in labor economics

Other uses

The word differential is also used in many fields as an adjective to refer to differences, particularly those of a variable or continuous nature. Semantic differential is a type of a rating scale designed to measure the connotative meaning of objects events and concepts The Structural differential is a physical chart or three-dimensional model illustrating the abstracting processes of the human Nervous system. Quality Spread Differential (QSD arises during an Interest rate swap in which two parties of different levels of Creditworthiness experience different levels of interest Compensating differential is a term used in Labor economics to analyze the relation between the Wage rate and the unpleasantness risk or other undesirable attributes A variable (ˈvɛərɪəbl is an Attribute of a physical or an abstract System which may change its Value while it is under Observation. In Mathematics, a continuous function is a function for which intuitively small changes in the input result in small changes in the output Examples include differential hardening in metallurgy, differential rotation in astronomy, differential centrifugation in cell biology, differential scanning calorimetry in materials science, differential signalling in communications, differential algebra in mathematics, differential execution in computer science, and differential GPS technology. Differential hardening is a method used in Forging Swords and Knives to increase the hardness of the edge without making the whole blade Brittle Differential rotation is seen when different parts of a rotating object move with different angular velocities (rates of Rotation) Differential centrifugation is a common procedure in Microbiology and cytology used to separate certain Organelles from whole cells for further Differential scanning calorimetry or DSC is a thermoanalytical technique in which the difference in the amount of Heat required to increase the Temperature Differential signaling is a method of transmitting Information electrically by means of two complementary Signals sent on two separate wires In Mathematics, differential rings differential fields and differential algebras are rings, fields and algebras equipped with a derivation, Differential execution refers to a method of executing a computer subroutine (See Control flow) in such a way that differences from prior executions can be detected and acted Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS is an enhancement to Global Positioning System that uses a network of fixed ground-based reference stations to broadcast the difference

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