In nutrition, the diet is the sum of food consumed by a person or other organism. Nutrition (also called nourishment or aliment) is the provision to cells and Organisms of the materials necessary (in the form of food to support [1] Dietary habits are the habitual decisions an individual or culture makes when choosing what foods to eat. Although humans are omnivores, each culture holds some food preferences and some food taboos. Individual dietary choices may be more or less healthy. Proper nutrition requires the proper ingestion and equally important, the absorption of vitamins, minerals, and fuel in the form of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. A vitamin is an Organic compound required as a Nutrient in tiny amounts by an Organism. A mineral is a naturally occurring substance formed through geological processes that has a characteristic chemical composition a highly ordered atomic structure and specific Fuel is any material that is burned or altered in order to obtain energy Carbohydrates (from ' Hydrates of Carbon ' or saccharides ( Greek σάκχαρον meaning " Sugar " are the most Proteins are large Organic compounds made of Amino acids arranged in a linear chain and joined together by Peptide bonds between the Carboxyl Fats consist of a wide group of compounds that are generally soluble in organic solvents and largely insoluble in water Dietary habits and choices play a significant role in health and mortality, and can also define cultures and play a role in religion. Health is a state of complete physical mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity Death is the termination of the biological functions that define living Organisms It refers both to a specific A religion is a set of Tenets and practices often centered upon specific Supernatural and moral claims about Reality, the Cosmos
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Traditional diet
"Traditional diet" is the diet of native populations such as the Native Americans, Khoisan or Australian Aborigines. For indigenous peoples in the United States other than Hawaii and Alaska see also Native Americans in the United States. Khoisan (increasingly commonly spelled Khoesan or Khoe-San) is the name for two major Ethnic groups of Southern Africa. This is an article about a class of people as identified and defined within Australian law
Traditional diets vary with availability of local resources, such as fish in coastal towns or grains in farming towns, as well as with cultural and religious customs and taboos. Fish are aquatic Vertebrate animals that are typically ectothermic (previously Cold-blooded) covered with scales, and equipped with two Agriculture refers to the production of goods through the growing of plants and fungi and the raising of domesticated Animals The study of agriculture A town is a type of settlement ranging from a few to several thousand (occasionally hundreds of thousands inhabitants although it may be applied loosely even to huge metropolitan Culture (from the Latin cultura stemming from colere, meaning "to cultivate" generally refers to patterns of human activity and the symbolic A religion is a set of Tenets and practices often centered upon specific Supernatural and moral claims about Reality, the Cosmos A convention is a set of agreed, stipulated or generally accepted Standards norms social norms or criteria, often taking the form of A taboo is a strong Social prohibition (or ban) against words objects actions or discussions that are considered undesirable or offensive by a group culture In some cases, the crops and domestic animals that characterize a traditional diet have been replaced by modern high-yield crops, and are no longer available. Agriculture refers to the production of goods through the growing of plants and fungi and the raising of domesticated Animals The study of agriculture This is a list of animals that have been domesticated by Humans. The slow food movement attempts to counter this trend and to preserve traditional diets. The Slow Food movement was founded by Carlo Petrini in Italy to combat Fast food.
Religious and cultural dietary choices
Some cultures and religions have restrictions concerning what foods are acceptable in their diet. For example, only Kosher foods are permitted by Judaism, and Halal foods by Islam. Kashrut (also kashruth or kashrus, he כַּשְׁרוּת refers to Jewish dietary laws. Judaism (from the Greek Ioudaïsmos, derived from the Hebrew יהודה Yehudah, " Judah " in Hebrew יַהֲדוּת Yahedut Halal (حلال ḥalāl, halaal) is an Arabic term meaning permissible. For other meanings including people named 'Islam' see Islam (disambiguation.
Diet and life outcome
A study published in the British medical journal The Lancet demonstrated that those who had been well-fed soon after they were born earned almost 50% more in average salary than those who had not. This article is about the journal For other uses of the term "lancet" see Lancet (disambiguation. The study was performed by giving a high-nutrition supplement to some infants and a lower-nutrition supplement to others, with only the researchers knowing which infants received which supplements (see double-blind study. The blind method is a part of the Scientific method, used to prevent research outcomes from being influenced by either the Placebo effect or the Observer ) The infants that received the high-nutrition supplement had higher average salaries, proving that infant nutrition affects cognitive development independent of other factors such as class or parental income. [1]
Individual dietary choices
Many individuals choose to limit what foods they eat for reasons of health, morality, environmental impact, or other factors. Additionally, many people choose to forgo food from animal sources to varying degrees; see vegetarianism, veganism, fruitarianism, living foods diet, and raw foodism. Vegetarianism is the practice of a diet that excludes Meat (including game and slaughter by-products Fish (including Shellfish and other sea Fruitarianism is a form of Veganism that is limited to eating the ripe fruits of plants and trees Raw foodism (or rawism) is a lifestyle promoting the consumption of un- cooked, un- processed, and often Organic foods as a large percentage
Properly planned vegetarian and vegan diets have been found to completely satisfy nutritional needs in every stage of life,[2]and significantly reduce risks of major diseases. Vegetarianism is the practice of a diet that excludes Meat (including game and slaughter by-products Fish (including Shellfish and other sea
Diets for weight management
A particular diet may be chosen to seek weight gain, weight loss, sports training, cardio-vascular health, avoidance of cancers, food allergies and for other reasons. Dieting is the practice of ingesting food in a regulated fashion to achieve or maintain a controlled weight A food allergy is an adverse immune response to a food protein Changing a subject's dietary intake, or "going on a diet", can change the energy balance and increase or decrease the amount of fat stored by the body. Some foods are specifically recommended, or even altered, for conformity to the requirements of a particular diet. These diets are often recommended in conjunction with exercise.
Eating disorders
An eating disorder is a mental disorder that interferes with normal food consumption. An eating disorder is a compulsion to eat or avoid eating that negatively affects both one's physical and mental health Eating disorders often affect people with a negative body image. Body image is a term which may refer to the Perceptions of a human's own Physical appearance, or the internal sense of having a body which is interpreted by the brain
Diet table
| Food Type | Carnivore | Omnivore | Vegan | Vegetarian | Halal | Kosher | Hunter-gatherer |
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See also
Notes
- ^ noun, def 1 askoxford. A carnivore (ˈkɑrnɪvɔər meaning 'meat eater' ( Latin carne meaning 'flesh' and vorare meaning 'to devour' is any animal with a diet consisting Omnivores (from Latin omne all everything vorare to devour are species that eat both Plants and Animals as their primary Vegetarianism is the practice of a diet that excludes Meat (including game and slaughter by-products Fish (including Shellfish and other sea Halal (حلال ḥalāl, halaal) is an Arabic term meaning permissible. A hunter-gatherer society is one whose primary subsistence method involves the direct procurement of edible plants and animals from the wild Foraging and Hunting The term " vegetable " generally means the edible parts of Plants The definition of the word is traditional rather than Scientific, however Poultry is the category of Domesticated Birds which some humans keep for the purpose of collecting their eggs, or kill for their Meat and/or Fish are aquatic Vertebrate animals that are typically ectothermic (previously Cold-blooded) covered with scales, and equipped with two Seafood is any Sea Animal or Seaweed that is served as Food, or is suitable for eating particularly saltwater animals such Beef is the Culinary name for Meat from Bovines especially domestic Cattle (cows Pork' is the Culinary name for Meat from the domestic Pig ( Sus scrofa) often specifically the fresh meat but can be used as an all-inclusive A dairy is a facility for the extraction and processing of animal Milk &mdashmostly from goats or cows, but also from buffalo, Sheep The American Dietetic Association ( ADA) is the United States ' largest organization of Food and Nutrition professionals with nearly 67000 members Diet food (or dietetic food) refers to any food or drink whose recipe has been altered in some way to make it part of a body modification diet. A gluten-free diet is recommended amongst other things in the treatment of Coeliac disease and Wheat allergy. Nutrigenomics is the study of molecular relationships between Nutrition and the response of genes, with the aim of extrapolating how such subtle changes can affect The Western pattern diet (also called Western dietary pattern or the meat-sweet diet) is a dietary habit chosen by many people in developed countries com
- ^ "Vegetarian Diets" (2003). Journal of the American Dietetic Association 103 (6): 748-765. online copy available
External links
- World Health Organization site on diet and physical activity
- Diet, Nutrition and the prevention of chronic diseases by a Joint WHO/FAO Expert consultation (2003)
- U.S. government diet recommendations
- An article about traditional diet
- A very useful site about eating in a healthy, common-sense way
- A very helpful comparison of the most popular diets
- 20 Special Tips For Permanent Weight Loss
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