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A number of vehicles use a diesel-electric powertrain for providing locomotion. For the UK engine manufacturer see Powertrain Ltd. In a Motor vehicle, the term drivetrain, powertrain or powerplant In Physics, motion means a constant change in the location of a body A diesel-electric powerplant includes a diesel engine connected to an electrical generator, creating electricity that powers electric traction motors. A diesel engine is an Internal combustion engine which operates using the Diesel cycle (named after Dr In Electricity generation, an electrical generator is a device that converts Mechanical energy to Electrical energy, generally using Electromagnetic An electric motor uses Electrical energy to produce Mechanical energy. See also Electric vehicle, Electric motor A traction motor is a type of Electric motor used to power the driving wheels of a vehicle such as Before diesel engines came into widespread use a similar system, using a petrol engine and called petrol-electric, was sometimes used. A Petrol engine or Gasoline engine is an Internal combustion engine with spark-ignition designed to run on petrol ( Gasoline) and similar volatile

This kind of power transmission is used by locomotives (see that article for details), used for pulling or pushing trains. Power transmission is the movement of Energy from its place of generation to a location where it is applied to performing useful work. A locomotive is a railway Vehicle that provides the motive power for a Train. A train is a connected series of vehicles that move along a track ( Permanent way) to transport freight or passengers from one place to another Diesel-electric powerplants have also been used in submarines and surface ships and some land vehicles. A submarine is a Watercraft that can operate independently below water as distinct from a Submersible that has only limited underwater capability A ship /ʃɪp/ is a large vessel that floats on water Ships are generally distinguished from Boats based on size In some high-efficiency applications, electrical energy may be stored in rechargeable batteries, in which case these vehicles can be considered as a class of hybrid electric vehicle. See also Rechargeable electricity storage system A rechargeable battery, also known as a storage battery, is a group of two or more secondary A hybrid electric vehicle (HEV is a Hybrid vehicle which combines a conventional propulsion system with a Rechargeable energy storage system (RESS

Contents

Ships

Siemens Schottel azimuth thrusters
Siemens Schottel azimuth thrusters

The first diesel motorship was also the first diesel-electric ship, the Russian tanker Vandal from Branobel, which was launched in 1903. Justus Georg Schottel ( Schottelius) ( 23 June 1612 - 25 October 1676) was a Baroque German grammarian An Azimuth thruster is a configuration of Ship propellers placed in pods that can be rotated in any horizontal direction making a Rudder unnecessary Branobel (short for Brothers Nobel) was the Oil company set up by Ludvig and Robert Nobel in Baku, Azerbaijan. Year 1903 ( MCMIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display calendar of the Gregorian calendar or a Common year starting Steamturbine-electric propulsion is in use at least since the 1920s (Tennessee class battleships), the practice of using diesel-electric powerplants in surface ships has been a more recent development. turbo-electric transmission uses Electric generators to convert the mechanical energy of a Turbine ( steam or gas) into electric energy and The 1920s is sometimes referred to as the " Jazz Age " or the " Roaring Twenties " when speaking about the United States and Canada Class history Tennessee and her sister ship California, already incorporating many of the innovations in the New Mexico class, were the first The Finnish "coastal defence ship " Ilmarinen, laid down in 1929, was among the first surface ships to use diesel-electric transmission. Finland, officially the Republic of Finland ( is a Nordic country situated in the Fennoscandian region of northern Europe. Coastal defence ships (sometimes called coast battleships) were Warships Operational history Ilmarinen and her sister ship ''Väinämöinen'' took part in the Winter War Year 1929 ( MCMXXIX) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Later the technology was used in diesel powered icebreakers. An icebreaker is a special purpose Ship or Boat designed to move and navigate through Ice -covered waters

Some modern ships, including cruise ships and icebreakers, use electric motors in pods called azimuth thrusters underneath to allow for 360° rotation, meaning that the ships are far more maneuverable. A cruise ship or cruise liner is a Passenger ship used for pleasure voyages where the voyage itself and the ship's amenities are part of the experience An Azimuth thruster is a configuration of Ship propellers placed in pods that can be rotated in any horizontal direction making a Rudder unnecessary

Some vehicles also use gas turbines in the same way. A gas turbine, also called a combustion turbine, is a rotary Engine that extracts energy from a flow of Combustion gas In fact, some use a combination: the Queen Mary 2 has a set of diesel engines in the bottom of the ship plus a gas turbine near the top exhaust tower. Characteristics The Queen Mary 2 is the current Cunard Flagship and makes regular Transatlantic crossings All are used for generating electrical power, and none of the ship's propellers are directly connected to any engines.

Submarines

When the diesel engine was first installed in submarines before the First World War, it revolutionized submarine tactics because its range (or operating time) far surpassed that of the gasoline engine, and the lower volatility fuel meant that fuel and vapors were far less prone to catch fire or explode if they leaked into a submarine cabin. World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All A Petrol engine or Gasoline engine is an Internal combustion engine with spark-ignition designed to run on petrol ( Gasoline) and similar volatile The fuel was also easier to stow. In submarines, the engine is connected to generators to produce electric energy that is stored in batteries for running underwater where oxygen is not available to feed the engines. In electronics a battery is a combination of two or more Electrochemical cells which store chemical Energy which can be converted into electrical energy Oxygen (from the Greek roots ὀξύς (oxys (acid literally "sharp" from the taste of acids and -γενής (-genēs (producer literally begetteris the It had been standard for them to use a driveshaft directly connecting the diesel engine, generator and propellers. A propeller is essentially a type of fan which transmits power by converting Rotational motion into Thrust for propulsion of a vehicle such as an There were a variety of clutch mechanisms for various connections as well. A clutch is a mechanism for transmitting rotation which can be engaged and disengaged However, the long driveshaft has often been a source of trouble, also producing noise and vibration. is a one volume manga created by Tsutomu Nihei as a prequel to his ten-volume work Blame!. Oscillation is the repetitive variation typically in Time, of some measure about a central value (often a point of Equilibrium) or between two or more different states

Some Soviet submarines had three propellers, and could be used in a variety of ways: each running on its diesel engine; either the central one or the outer two could each be connected to a diesel engine with or without the other propeller running on electric; or the engines could via snorkel be recharging the batteries while the central propeller was quietly running on its electric motor; or all three could be running on electric motors.

The diesel engine performance was critical for a conventional submarine's success. Navies imported and copied successful designs. The Germans had some excellent diesel designs for their U-boats, but they also had some designs which were not so good. The Americans had a similar history; their last diesel engine design was radial in form, its driveshaft axis angled vertically. These designs were subsequently abandoned. Older submarines had to be cut in half through the engine room and proven engines installed in a lengthened hull section to replace the unreliable but space-efficient designed engine. Since the correction, European submarine diesels have shown advances.

Modern diesel-electric submarines don't have a direct connection of the diesel engine to the propeller anymore: The usually single propeller is driven directly by an electric motor. Two or more diesel-generators provide electric energy for loading the batteries and/or driving the electric motor. This mechanically insulates the noisy engine compartment from the outer pressure hull and reduces the acoustic signature of the submarine. Acoustic signature is used to describe a combination of acoustic emissions of ships and submarines Even some nuclear submarines decouple their reactor room this way, e. Nuclear marine propulsion is propulsion of a ship powered by a Nuclear reactor. g. all French classes, like the Rubis and Redoutable and the Chinese Type 093 class, have turbo-electric propulsion. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. History Although the Rubis belonged to the same generation as the ''Redoutable'' class due to President Charles De Gaulle insistence on acquiring China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National Program China’s new generation nuclear submarine program can be dated back to the early 1980s when the PLA Navy issued the requirement for a new nuclear attack submarine (SSN turbo-electric transmission uses Electric generators to convert the mechanical energy of a Turbine ( steam or gas) into electric energy and

Locomotives

Main articles: Diesel-electric locomotive and electric locomotive
The Pioneer Zephyr used a diesel-electric drivetrain
The Pioneer Zephyr used a diesel-electric drivetrain

In the 1920s, diesel-electric technology first saw limited use in switchers (or shunters), locomotives used for moving trains around in railroad yards and assembling and disassembling them. A Diesel locomotive is a type of Railroad Locomotive in which the prime mover is a Diesel engine. "Electric Trains" redirects here For the 1995 Squeeze single see Electric Trains (song. The Pioneer Zephyr is a diesel-powered Railroad train formed of Railroad cars permanently articulated together with Jacobs bogies built The 1920s is sometimes referred to as the " Jazz Age " or the " Roaring Twenties " when speaking about the United States and Canada A switcher or shunter ( Great Britain: shunter; Australia: shunter or yard pilot; USA: switcher (or One of the first companies to offer "Oil-Electric" locomotives was the American Locomotive Company. The American Locomotive Company, often shortened to ALCO or Alco (or less frequently ALCo) was a builder of Railroad Locomotives in The ALCO HH series of diesel-electric switcher entered series production in 1931. The ALCO HH series were an early series of Switcher Diesel-electric locomotives built by the American Locomotive Company (ALCO of Schenectady Year 1931 ( MCMXXXI) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1931 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. In the 1930s, the system was adapted for streamliners, the fastest trains of their day. The 1930s were described as an abrupt shift to more radical and conservative lifestyles as countries were struggling to find a solution to the Great Depression. A streamliner is any vehicle that incorporates streamlining to produce a shape that provides less resistance to air. Diesel-electric powerplants became popular because they greatly simplified the way motive power was transmitted to the wheels and because they were both more efficient and had greatly reduced maintenance requirements. See also Electric vehicle, Electric motor A traction motor is a type of Electric motor used to power the driving wheels of a vehicle such as Fuel efficiency, in its basic sense is the same as Thermal efficiency, meaning the efficiency of a process that converts chemical potential energy contained in a carrier Direct-drive transmissions can become very complex, considering that a typical locomotive has four or more axles. An axle is a central shaft for a rotating Wheel or Gear. In some cases the axle may be fixed in position with a bearing or Bushing Additionally, a direct-drive diesel locomotive would require an impractical number of gears to keep the engine within its powerband; coupling the diesel to a generator eliminates this problem. Some attempts were made at using hydraulic fluid as a transmission medium, and it proved to be somewhat more efficient than diesel-electric technology. Hydraulic fluids are a large group of fluids used as the motive medium in Hydraulic machinery. However, the complexity of both the direct-drive and hydraulic systems meant that breakdowns were more common.

Buses

New Flyer DE60LF diesel-electric bus with rooftop batteries.
New Flyer DE60LF diesel-electric bus with rooftop batteries.
MCI diesel electric prototype bus with batteries under the floor.
MCI diesel electric prototype bus with batteries under the floor. Motor Coach Industries International Inc ( MCI) is a Schaumburg Illinois -based bus manufacturer founded in 1932

The batteries, carried generally on top of the bus (although some hybrid models are indistinguishable from conventional models, as shown to the right), are charged both by the diesel engine and by capturing energy from braking action. Diesel-electric hybrid buses are generally quieter than conventional (only-petroleum) diesel buses.

Hybrid systems

The two main providers of hybrid systems for diesel-electric transit buses include Allison Transmission and BAE Systems. Allison Transmission is a manufacturer of Automatic transmissions for medium and heavy-duty commercial vehicle applications BAE Systems plc (BAE is a British defence and aerospace company headquartered in Farnborough, England, that has global interests particularly Allison provides the EP40 and EP50 parallel hybrid systems, while BAE Systems provides the HybriDrive series hybrid system. Hybrid Vehicles make use of both an on-board Rechargeable energy storage system (RESS and a fueled power source for vehicle propulsion. Hybrid Vehicles make use of both an on-board Rechargeable energy storage system (RESS and a fueled power source for vehicle propulsion. New Flyer Industries, Gillig Corporation, and North American Bus Industries are major customers for the Allison EP hybrid systems, while Orion Bus Industries is a major customer for the BAE HybriDrive system. Gillig Corporation, formerly Gillig Bros, is a manufacturer of heavy-duty Transit buses located in Hayward CA. North American Bus Industries, commonly known as NABI, is a major transit bus manufacturing company based in Anniston Alabama. Orion Bus Industries, previously Ontario

Main electricity

Some hybrid buses are designed to receive most of their operating energy from electricity. Also, a driver may be able to choose to use only the battery system instead of the diesel engine. Some hybrid vehicles only use the electric battery when accelerating or idle, but otherwise operating on diesel. For other meanings including people named Idle see Idle (disambiguation.

See also

Trucks

See Category:Hybrid trucks

Cars


Motorcycles

eCycle Inc had plans to produce a diesel-electric motorcycle getting 180 mpg with a top speed of 80 mph (130 km/h) and a target retail price of $5,500. [11] [12] but has since decided not to sell a complete hybrid motorcycle but try to become a key supplier to enable other companies to make hybrid motorcycles. [13]

Other land vehicles

The diesel-electric powerd Liebherr T282 dumper
The diesel-electric powerd Liebherr T282 dumper

Diesel-electric propulsion was tried on some military vehicles, such as tanks. Military vehicles include all land Combat and transportation vehicles excluding rail-based which are designed for or are in significant use by Military forces A tank is a tracked, Armoured fighting vehicle designed for Front-line combat which combines Operational mobility and tactical One example was the ill-fated Maus tank. The Panzerkampfwagen VIII Maus (SdKfz 205 was a German Super-heavy tank design and the heaviest Tank to Currently no tank uses this principle for movement, but it's quite common to train the turret and/or guns with electric motors powered by diesel or turbine APUs. An auxiliary power unit ( APU) is a device on a vehicle whose purpose is to provide energy for functions other than propulsion

The U. S. military is considering a replacement for its HMMWV utility vehicle which would use a diesel-electric propulsion system. This article refers to the Military HMMWV not the civilian Hummer sold by General Motors The M998 High Mobility Multipurpose Wheeled Such a vehicle could operate its electrical systems for an extended period without running the engine, due to the large battery reserves. When stealth is desired, it could drive using only electrical power for a limited time.

See also

References

  1. ^ International starts hybrid production - eTrucker
  2. ^ Dodge Sprinter Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV)
  3. ^ Dodge - 2007 Sprinter - Passenger Vans, Cargo Vans
  4. ^ Frankfurt Green: Citroen C-Cactus - The Car Connection
  5. ^ Bosch says it has contract for diesel-hybrid parts - Automotive News Europe
  6. ^ Compact Hybrid Coming From Volkswagen
  7. ^ 2007 Frankfurt Auto Show: Volkswagen Up!
  8. ^ VW's Golf Diesel Hybrid Debuts. Tell Us Why You Love It | Autopia from Wired.com
  9. ^ Report: All Volkswagen models to have hybrid option
  10. ^ Diesel hybrid car also taps the sun - Green Machines - MSNBC.com
  11. ^ Hybrid Diesel Electric Motorcycle
  12. ^ eCycle Hybrid Motorcycles
  13. ^ eCycle, Inc. | Hybrid Motorcycle

External links

Buses

Metro Transit with hybrid buses

Systems

Cars

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