| Operettas by Johann Strauss II |
|---|
Indigo und die Vierzig Räuber (1871) |
Die Fledermaus (The Bat or literally, The Flutter-mouse) is a comic operetta composed by Johann Strauss II to a German libretto by Carl Haffner and Richard Genée. Johann Strauss II (also known as Johann Strauss the Younger, Johann Strauss Jr Indigo und die vierzig Räuber ( Indigo and the Forty Thieves) is an Operetta composed by Johann Strauss II based on the tale " Ali Baba Eine Nacht in Venedig ( A Night in Venice) is an Operetta in three acts by Johann Strauss II and was premiered in Berlin on 3 October The Gypsy Baron (In German Der Zigeunerbaron) is an Operetta in three Acts by Johann Strauss II which premiered at the Theater Simplicius is an Operetta by Johann Strauss II. Simplicius was first conceived from the work of HJC von Grimmelhausen entitled Wiener Blut ( Viennese Blood or Viennese Spirit) is the name of an Operetta named after the " Wiener Blut " waltz with music Operetta is a genre of light Opera, light in terms both of music and subject matter Johann Strauss II (also known as Johann Strauss the Younger, Johann Strauss Jr The German language (de ''Deutsch'') is a West Germanic language and one of the world's major languages. A libretto is the text used in an extended Musical work such as an Opera, Operetta, Masque, sacred or secular Oratorio and Franz Friedrich Richard Genée ( February 7, 1823, Danzig – June 15, 1895, Baden bei Wien) was an Austrian
Contents |
Literary sources
The original source for Die Fledermaus is a farce by German playwright Julius Roderich Benedix (1811–1873), Das Gefängnis (The Prison). A farce is a Comedy written for the stage or film which aims to Entertain the audience by means of unlikely extravagant and improbable situations disguise and mistaken Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Julius Roderich Benedix ( January 21, 1811 - September 26, 1873) was a German dramatist and librettist born in Leipzig, Year 1811 ( MDCCCXI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Year 1873 ( MDCCCLXXIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Another source is a French vaudeville play, Le réveillon, by Henri Meilhac and Ludovic Halévy. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Vaudeville was a Genre of variety entertainment prevalent on the stage in the United States and Canada, from the early 1880s Henri Meilhac ( February 21, 1831 &ndash July 6, 1897) French Dramatist and Opera Librettist, was Ludovic Halévy ( 1 January 1834 - 8 May 1908) was a French Author and Playwright. This was first translated by Carl Haffner into a non-musical play to be produced in Vienna. However, the peculiarly French custom of the réveillon (a midnight supper party) caused problems, which were solved by the decision to adapt the play as a libretto for Johann Strauss, with the réveillon replaced by a Viennese ball. In France and some other French-speaking places a réveillon is a long dinner and possibly party held on the evenings preceding Christmas Day At this point Haffner's translation was handed over for adaptation to Richard Genée, who subsequently claimed not only that he had made a fresh translation from scratch but that he had never even met Haffner.
Performance history
The operetta premièred on April 5, 1874 at the Theater an der Wien in Vienna, Austria and it currently appears as number 19 on Opera America's list of the 20 most-performed operas in North America. Events 456 - St Patrick returns to Ireland as a missionary bishop Year 1874 ( MDCCCLXXIV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The Theater an der Wien (The Theatre on the Wien River is a Theatre in Vienna. Vienna ( in Wien; see also other names) is the Capital of Austria, and is also one of the nine States of Austria. Austria (Österreich ( officially the Republic of Austria (Republik Österreich Opera America, officially OPERA America, is a service organization in North America promoting the creation presentation and enjoyment of Opera. [1]
Roles
| Role | Voice type | Premiere Cast, 5 April 1874 (Conductor:-) |
|---|---|---|
| Baron von Eisenstein | tenor | Jani Szika |
| Rosalinde, Eisenstein's wife | soprano | Marie Geistinger |
| Adele, Rosalinde's maid | soprano | Caroline Charles-Hirsch |
| Ida, Adele's sister | soprano | |
| Alfred, a singer teacher and Rosalinde's admirer | tenor | |
| Dr Falke, the Baron's friend | baritone | Ferdinand Lebrecht |
| Blind, the Baron's attorney | tenor | |
| Frank, the prison warden | baritone | |
| Prince Orlofsky | mezzo-soprano | Irma Nittinger |
| Frosch, the jailer | speaking role | |
| Chorus: Party goers at Prince Orlofsky's | ||
Synopsis
Act 1
Eisenstein's apartment
Baron von Eisenstein has been sentenced to eight days in prison for insulting an official, partially due to the incompetence of his attorney, Dr. The tenor is the highest male voice within the Modal register, just above the Baritone voice This article is related to a series of articles under the main article Voice type. This article is related to a series of articles under the main article Voice type. This article is related to a series of articles under the main article Voice type. A prison, penitentiary, or correctional facility is a place in which individuals are physically confined or interned and usually deprived of a range of Blind. Adèle, Eisenstein's maid, receives an invitation to Prince Orlofsky's ball but pretends it is a letter from her sister, and asks for a leave of absence ("My sister Ida writes to me"). Falke, the Baron's friend, arrives to invite him to the ball (Duet: "Come with me to the souper"). Eisenstein bids farewell to Adèle and his wife Rosalinde, pretending he is going to prison (Terzett: "Oh dear, oh dear, how sorry I am") but really intending to postpone jail for one day and have fun at the ball.
After Eisenstein leaves, Rosalinde is visited by a former admirer, the singing teacher Alfred, who serenades her ("Dove that has escaped"). Frank, the governor of the prison, arrives to take Eisenstein to jail, and finds Alfred instead. In order not to compromise Rosalinde, Alfred agrees to pretend to be Eisenstein and to accompany Frank. (Finale, drinking song: "Happy is he who forgets" followed by Rosalinde’s defence when Frank arrives: "In tête-à-tête with me so late," and Frank’s invitation: "My beautiful, large bird-cage. ")
Act 2
A summer house in the Villa Orlovsky
It turns out that Falke, with Prince Orlofsky's permission, is orchestrating the ball as a way of getting revenge on Eisenstein. The previous winter, Eisenstein had abandoned a drunken Falke dressed as a bat (and thus explaining the opera's title) in the center of town, exposing him to ridicule the next day. As part of his scheme, Falke has invited Frank, Adèle, and Rosalinde to the ball as well. Rosalinde pretends to be a Hungarian countess, Eisenstein goes by the name "Marquis Renard," Frank is "Chevalier Chagrin," and Adèle pretends she is an actress.
The ball is in progress (Chorus: "A souper is before us") and the Prince welcomes his guests ("I love to invite my friends"). Eisenstein is introduced to Adèle, but is confused as to who she really is because of her striking resemblance to his maid. ("My lord marquis," sometimes referred to as "Adèle's Laughing Song"). Then Falke introduces the disguised Rosalinde to Eisenstein (Czardas: "Sounds from home"). During an amorous tête-à-tête, she succeeds in extracting a valuable watch from her husband's pocket, something which she can use in the future as evidence of his impropriety. (Watch duet: "My eyes will soon be dim"). In a rousing finale, the company celebrates (The Drinking song: "In the fire stream of the grape"; followed by the canon: "Brothers, brothers and sisters"; and the ballet and waltz finale, "Ha, what joy, what a night of delight. ")
Act 3
In the prison offices of Governor Frank
The next morning they all find themselves at the prison where the confusion increases and is compounded by the jailer, Frosch, who has profited by the absence of the prison director to become gloriously drunk.
Adèle arrives to obtain the assistance of the Chevalier Chagrin (Melodrama; Couplet of Adèle: "If I play the innocent peasant maid") while Alfred wants nothing more than to get out of jail. Knowing of Eisenstein's trickery, Rosalinde wants to begin an action for divorce, and Frank is still intoxicated.
Frosch locks up Adèle and her sister Ida, and the height of the tumult arrives when Falke appears with all the guests of the ball and declares the whole thing is an act of vengeance for the "Fledermaus". (Terzett between Rosalinde, Eisenstein, Alfred: "A strange adventure"). Everything is amicably arranged (with Eisenstein blaming the intoxicating effects of champagne for his act of infidelity and Orlofsky volunteering to support Adèle's artistic career), but Eisenstein is compelled to serve his full term in jail (Finale, "Oh bat, oh bat, at last let thy victim escape").
Selected recordings
There are about 20 recordings of Die Fledermaus available. Some of the best known:
Film adaptations
Die Fledermaus has been adapted numerous times for the cinema and for TV:
| Year | Country | Notes | Director | Eisenstein | Rosalinde | Adele | Orlofsky | Frosch |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1917 | Ger | as Das Fidele Gefängnis (The Merry Jail) Silent movie | Ernst Lubitsch | Harry Liedtke (Alex von Reizenstein) | Kitty Dewall (Alice, his wife) | Agda Nielson (Mizi, the maid) | Emil Jannings (Quabbe, the jailer) | |
| 1923 | Ger | Silent movie | Max Mack | Harry Liedtke | Eva May | Lya De Putti | -?- | -?- |
| 1931 | Fr/Ger | Carl Lamac | -?- | -?- | -?- | -?- | -?- | |
| 1933 | GB | Waltz Time - new title | Wilhelm Thiele | Fritz Schulz | Evelyn Laye | Gina Malo | George Baker | Jay Laurier |
| 1937 | Ger | Paul Verhoeven | -?- | -?- | -?- | -?- | -?- | |
| 1945 | Ger | Released 1946 | Géza von Bolváry | Johannes Heesters | Marte Harell | Dorit Kreysler | Siegfried Breuer | Josef Egger |
| 1955 | GB | Oh... Rosalinda!! - new title |
Michael Powell and Emeric Pressburger | Michael Redgrave | Ludmilla Tchérina | Anneliese Rothenberger | Anthony Quayle | Oskar Sima |
| 1955 | E Ger | Rauschende Melodien - new title | E. Julius Patzak ( 9 April, 1898 &ndash 26 January, 1974) was an Austrian Tenor distinguished in operatic and concert work Anny Schlemm ( February 22, 1929, Neu-Isenburg) is a German operatic Soprano, and later Mezzo-soprano. Rita Streich ( December 18, 1920, Barnaul - March 20, 1987, Vienna) was one of the most significant Coloratura Helmut Krebs ( October 8, 1913, Dortmund - August 30, 2007, Berlin) was a distinguished German operatic Tenor WikipediaWikiProject Classical music#Biographical_infoboxes --> Ferenc Fricsay ( 9 August 1914 &ndash 20 February Julius Patzak ( 9 April, 1898 &ndash 26 January, 1974) was an Austrian Tenor distinguished in operatic and concert work The Austrian Soprano Hilde Gueden, or Güden (born in Vienna, September 15, 1917; died in Klosterneuburg, Wilma Lipp ( April 26, 1925, Vienna) is an Austrian operatic Soprano, particularly associated with Mozart roles especially Konstanze Kammersänger Anton Dermota ( June 4, 1910 &ndash June 22, 1989) was a Slovene Tenor. WikipediaWikiProject Classical music#Biographical_infoboxes --> Clemens Heinrich Krauss ( March 31, 1893 &ndash The Swedish Tenor Nicolai Gedda (born July 11, 1925) is a famous Opera singer and recitalist Dame Elisabeth Schwarzkopf, DBE ( December 9, 1915 &ndash August 3, 2006) was a German -born Austrian British Rita Streich ( December 18, 1920, Barnaul - March 20, 1987, Vienna) was one of the most significant Coloratura Helmut Krebs ( October 8, 1913, Dortmund - August 30, 2007, Berlin) was a distinguished German operatic Tenor Rudolf Christ (b Vienna, 20 March 1916 d there 20 April 1982 was an Austrian Tenor concert and Opera singer. WikipediaWikiProject Classical music#Biographical_infoboxes --> Herbert von Karajan ( April 5 Waldemar Kmentt ( February 2, 1929, Vienna) is an Austrian operatic Tenor, particularly associated with the German repertory both Opera The Austrian Soprano Hilde Gueden, or Güden (born in Vienna, September 15, 1917; died in Klosterneuburg, Erika Köth ( September 15, 1927, Darmstadt - February 21, 1989, Speyer) was a German operatic Coloratura Regina Resnik (born August 30, 1922) is an American Operatic singer WikipediaWikiProject Classical music#Biographical_infoboxes --> Herbert von Karajan ( April 5 Eberhard Wächter (Waechter ( July 9, 1929 &ndash March 29, 1992) was an Austrian baritone particularly celebrated for his performances Gundula Janowitz (born August 2, 1937 in Berlin, Germany) is an Austrian ( Lyric soprano) singer of Operas Waldemar Kmentt ( February 2, 1929, Vienna) is an Austrian operatic Tenor, particularly associated with the German repertory both Opera WikipediaWikiProject Classical music#Biographical_infoboxes --> Karl August Leopold Böhm ( August 28, 1894 &ndash The Swedish Tenor Nicolai Gedda (born July 11, 1925) is a famous Opera singer and recitalist Anneliese Rothenberger (born June 19, 1926 in Mannheim, Germany) is an Operatic lyric Soprano. Willi Boskovsky (born Vienna, June 16 1909; died Visp, Switzerland April 21, 1991) was an Austrian For the Swedish football defender see Robert Stoltz. Robert Elisabeth Stolz ( August 25, 1880 &ndash June 27 Rudolf Schock ( September 4 1915 &ndash November 13 1986) was a German Tenor. Wilma Lipp ( April 26, 1925, Vienna) is an Austrian operatic Soprano, particularly associated with Mozart roles especially Konstanze For the Swedish football defender see Robert Stoltz. Robert Elisabeth Stolz ( August 25, 1880 &ndash June 27 Hermann Prey ( July 11, 1929 &ndash July 22, 1998) was a German Baritone. Júlia Várady (born Júlia Tözsér September 1, 1941) is a Soprano of Hungarian nationality born in Nagyvárad Hungary (today Oradea WikipediaWikiProject Opera#Infoboxes and WikipediaWikiProject Musicians/Infobox --> Lucia Popp (born René Kollo (born November 20, 1937) is a German Tenor. He was born René Kollodzieyski in Berlin and grew up in Wyk auf Ivan Rebroff, born as Hans-Rolf Rippert, ( 31 July 1931 - 27 February 2008) was a German Singer, allegedly Carlos Kleiber ( July 3, 1930 - July 13, 2004) was an Austrian-Argentine conductor. Peter Seiffert (born January 4, 1954, in Düsseldorf) is a German Tenor. WikipediaWikiProject Opera#Infoboxes and WikipediaWikiProject Musicians/Infobox --> Lucia Popp (born WikipediaWikiProject Opera#Infoboxes --> José Plácido Domingo Embil KBE (born January 21, 1941) better WikipediaWikiProject Opera#Infoboxes --> José Plácido Domingo Embil KBE (born January 21, 1941) better Edita Gruberová (born December 23, 1946, Bratislava) is a Slovak Soprano who is one of the most acclaimed Coloraturas of Barbara Bonney (born April 14, 1956) is an American Soprano. Bonney was born in Montclair, New Jersey. Marjana Lipovšek ( Mezzosoprano) is an Opera and Concert singer and Actress. WikipediaWikiProject Classical music#Biographical_infoboxes --> Nikolaus Harnoncourt ( Count Johann Nicolaus Graf de la Fontaine und Dame Kiri Janette Te Kanawa, ONZ, DBE, AC (ˈkiri ˈtɛ ˈkɑːnəwə born Edita Gruberová (born December 23, 1946, Bratislava) is a Slovak Soprano who is one of the most acclaimed Coloraturas of Richard Leech ( March 26, 1957) is an American operatic Tenor, recipient of the Richard Tucker Award in 1988 and particularly associated with WikipediaWikiProject Classical music#Biographical_infoboxes --> André Previn ( Andreas Ludwig Priwin) KBE (b Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Ernst Lubitsch ( January 28, 1892 – November 30, 1947) was a German -born Jewish Film director. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Lya De Putti (Amalia Putty ( January 10, 1899 – November 27, 1931) was a Hungarian film Actress of the silent era This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. See also Kingdom of Great Britain Great Britain (Breatainn Mhòr Prydain Fawr Breten Veur Graet Breetain is the larger of the two main islands Fritz Schulz ( April 25, 1896 – May 9, 1972) was a movie actor Evelyn Laye OBE ( 10 July 1900 &ndash 17 February 1996) was an English Theatre actress. This article refers to the record singer For other people with the same name see George Baker. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Paul Verhoeven (born in Unna, Germany; died in Munich)was a German Actor, film and theatre director and Writer Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Géza von Bolváry (full name Géza Maria von Bolváry-Zahn; 26 December 1897 – 10 August 1961) was a Hungarian Johannes Heesters (born December 5, 1903) is a Dutch Actor, Singer, and Entertainer with a 87-year career almost exclusively Siegfried Breuer ( June 24 1906 - February 1 1954) was a Austrian stage and Film actor and occasional See also Kingdom of Great Britain Great Britain (Breatainn Mhòr Prydain Fawr Breten Veur Graet Breetain is the larger of the two main islands Oh Rosalinda!! ( is a film by the British director-writer team of Michael Powell and Emeric Pressburger. Michael Latham Powell ( 30 September 1905 &ndash 19 February 1990) was a British Film director, renowned for his partnership Emeric Pressburger ( 5 December &ndash 5 February) was an Oscar -winning Hungarian / British screenwriter film director and producer Sir Michael Scudamore Redgrave CBE ( 20 March, 1908 — 21 March, 1985) was an English actor author director and Ludmilla Tchérina ( 10 October 1924 - 21 March 2004) was an internationally-famous Ballet Dancer and Actress Anneliese Rothenberger (born June 19, 1926 in Mannheim, Germany) is an Operatic lyric Soprano. Sir John Anthony Quayle, CBE ( 7 September 1913 &ndash 20 October 1989) was an English Actor and director Oskar Sima ( July 31, 1896 &mdash June 24, 1969) was an Austrian actor who is best remembered for appearing in supporting roles in The German Democratic Republic ( GDR; Deutsche Demokratische Republik DDR; commonly known in English as East Germany) was a Socialist state W. Fiedler | Erich Arnold | Jarmila Ksirová | Sonja Schöner | Gerd Frickhöffer | Josef Egger |
| 1959 | W Ger | TV adaptation | Kurt Wilhelm | Friedrich Schoenfelder | -?- | -?- | -?- | -?- |
| 1962 | Aus | Géza von Cziffra | Peter Alexander | Marianne Koch | Marika Rökk | Boy Gobert | Hans Moser | |
| 1968 | Den | Flagermusen - new title | John Price | Poul Reichhardt | Birgitte Bruun | Ellen Winther | Susse Wold | Buster Larsen |
| 1972 | W Ger | Otto Schenk | Eberhard Wächter | Gundula Janowitz | Renate Holm | Wolfgang Windgassen | Otto Schenk | |
| 1979 | USSR | Летучая Мышь - new title |
Yan Frid | Yuri Solomin | Lyudmila Maksakova | Larisa Udovichenko | Yuri Vasilyev | Ivan Lyubeznov |
| 1984 | GB | TV adaptation | Humphrey Burton | Hermann Prey | Kiri Te Kanawa | Hildegard Heichele | Doris Soffel | Josef Meinrad |
| 1986 | W Ger | Otto Schenk | Eberhard Wächter | Pamela Coburn | Janet Perry | Brigitte Fassbaender | Franz Muxeneder | |
| 1990 | GB | Humphrey Burton | Louis Otey | Nancy Gustafson | Judith Howarth | Jochen Kowalski | John Sessions | |
| 1997 | Aust | Lindy Hume | Anthony Warlow | Gillian Sullivan | Amelia Farrugia | Suzanne Johnston | Geoff Kelso | |
| 2001 | Fr | La chauve-souris - new title |
Don Kent | Christoph Homberger | Mireille Delunsch | Malin Hartelius | David Moss | Elisabeth Trissenaar |
References
External links
- Libretto to Die Fledermaus in the original German with a literal English translation from Aria-Database. West Germany ( Inf German: Westdeutschland or West-Deutschland) was the common English name for the Federal Republic of Germany ( Austria (Österreich ( officially the Republic of Austria (Republik Österreich Géza von Cziffra fɔn ˈʦifrɒ}} ( 19 December 1900 – 28 April 1989) was a Hungarian and Austrian Film director Peter Alexander (born Peter Alexander Ferdinand Maximilian Neumayer on June 30, 1926 in Vienna, Austria) is an Austrian singer and Marianne Koch (born August 19, 1931 in Munich) is a retired German Actress of the 1950s and 1960s best known for her appearances Marika Rökk ( November 3, 1913 - May 16, 2004) was an Egyptian born singer Hans Moser as a waiter in a The Kingdom of Denmark ( ˈd̥ænmɑɡ̊ (archaic ˈd̥anmɑːɡ̊ commonly known as Denmark, is a country in the Scandinavian region of northern Europe John Price may refer to John Price (England cricketer (born 1937 English cricketer played in 15 Tests 1964&ndash1972 John Price (New South Poul David Reichhardt ( February 2, 1913 – October 31, 1985) was a Danish actor well known for his roles in Danish 1940s/50s Susse Wold ( November 17, 1938 -) is a stage and screen actress whose career has spanned five decades Buster Larsen ( September 1 1920 – December 18 1993) was a Danish comic film and TV Actor. West Germany ( Inf German: Westdeutschland or West-Deutschland) was the common English name for the Federal Republic of Germany ( Otto Schenk (born June 12, 1930 in Vienna, Austria) is an actor theater director and production designer Eberhard Wächter (Waechter ( July 9, 1929 &ndash March 29, 1992) was an Austrian baritone particularly celebrated for his performances Gundula Janowitz (born August 2, 1937 in Berlin, Germany) is an Austrian ( Lyric soprano) singer of Operas Otto Schenk (born June 12, 1930 in Vienna, Austria) is an actor theater director and production designer The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991 Yury Mefodievich Solomin (Ю́рий Мефо́диевич Соло́мин b See also Kingdom of Great Britain Great Britain (Breatainn Mhòr Prydain Fawr Breten Veur Graet Breetain is the larger of the two main islands Humphrey Burton, CBE (born 25 March 1931) is a British classical music presenter broadcaster director producer and biographer of musicians Hermann Prey ( July 11, 1929 &ndash July 22, 1998) was a German Baritone. Dame Kiri Janette Te Kanawa, ONZ, DBE, AC (ˈkiri ˈtɛ ˈkɑːnəwə born Doris Soffel (Born in Hechingen, Germany on 12 May, 1948) is a German Mezzo-soprano. Josef Meinrad ( April 21 1913 - February 18 1996) was a famous Austrian Actor. West Germany ( Inf German: Westdeutschland or West-Deutschland) was the common English name for the Federal Republic of Germany ( Otto Schenk (born June 12, 1930 in Vienna, Austria) is an actor theater director and production designer Eberhard Wächter (Waechter ( July 9, 1929 &ndash March 29, 1992) was an Austrian baritone particularly celebrated for his performances Janet Perry (born in Minneapolis, Minnesota, on December 27, 1947) is a celebrated operatic Soprano. See also Kingdom of Great Britain Great Britain (Breatainn Mhòr Prydain Fawr Breten Veur Graet Breetain is the larger of the two main islands Humphrey Burton, CBE (born 25 March 1931) is a British classical music presenter broadcaster director producer and biographer of musicians Nancy Gustafson ( June 27, 1956 in Evanston Illinois) is an American opera singer Jochen Kowalski (born January 30, 1954) is a famous German Alto or Mezzo Countertenor, noted for his very rich Timbre John Sessions (born 11 January 1953) is a Scottish Actor and Comedian. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. Anthony Warlow (born 18 November 1961 in Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia) is an Australian Opera and Musical theatre performer This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Don Kent is a collector of Blues and bluegrass recordings a founder and owner of Record labels such as Mamlish Records, Country Turtle Records Mireille Delunsch (born 2 November 1962 in Mulhouse, France) is an opera Soprano. Malin Hartelius (born 1967 in Växjö Sweden is a Swedish Soprano who performs regularly with conductors like Nikolaus Harnoncourt, Ton Koopman, com
- List of upcoming performances from major opera companies from Operabase. com
- The Guide to Operetta - Die Fledermaus
- Recording of "Klänge der Heimat: Csàrdàs" by Lotte Lehmann
Dapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic