Richard Bruce Cheney
46th Vice President of the United States
Incumbent
Assumed office  January 21, 2001
President	George W. Bush
Preceded by	Al Gore
17th United States Secretary of Defense
In office March 20, 1989 – January 20, 1993
President	George H.W. Bush
Deputy	Donald J. Atwood, Jr.
Preceded by	Frank Carlucci
Succeeded by	Les Aspin
15th U.S. House Minority Whip
In office January 3 – March 20, 1989
Leader	Robert H. Michel
Preceded by	Trent Lott
Succeeded by	Newt Gingrich
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Wyoming‘s At-Large Congressional District
In office January 3, 1979 – March 20, 1989
Preceded by	Teno Roncalio
Succeeded by	Craig Thomas
7th White House Chief of Staff
In office November 21, 1975 – January 20, 1977
President	Gerald R. Ford
Preceded by	Donald Rumsfeld
Succeeded by	Hamilton Jordan
Born	30 January 1941 (1941-01-30) (age 67) Lincoln, Nebraska, United States
Political party	Republican
Spouse	Lynne Cheney
Residence	Number One Observatory Circle
Alma mater	University of Wyoming
Religion	Methodist
Signature
Website	Richard R. Cheney

Richard Bruce "Dick" Cheney^[1] (born January 30, 1941) is the forty-sixth and current Vice President of the United States. The Vice President of the United States is the first person in the presidential line of succession, becoming the new President of the United States upon the death Events 1189 - Philip II of France and Richard I of England begin to assemble troops to wage the Third Crusade. Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. George Walker Bush ( born July 6 1946 is the forty-third and current President of the United States. Albert Arnold Gore Jr (born March 31 1948 is an American environmental Activist, author Businessperson, former Politician, and former The United States Secretary of Defense ( SECDEF) is the head of the U Events 1600 - The Linköping Bloodbath takes place on Maundy Thursday in Linköping, Sweden. Year 1989 ( MCMLXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link displays 1989 Gregorian calendar) Events 250 - Emperor Decius begins a widespread persecution of Christians in Rome. Year 1993 ( MCMXCIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1993 Gregorian calendar) George Herbert Walker Bush (born June 12 1924 served as the forty-first President of the United States from 1989 to 1993 The United States Deputy Secretary of Defense is the second-highest ranking official in the United States Department of Defense. Donald Jesse Atwood Jr (May 25 1924 &ndash April 24, 1994 was appointed Deputy Secretary of Defense for U Frank Charles Carlucci III (born October 18 1930) is a former government official in the United States, associated with the Republican Party Leslie "Les" Aspin Jr ( July 21, 1938 — May 21, 1995) was a United States Representative from 1971 to 1993 and A whip in the United States House of Representatives is a member of the party leadership who comes second in line after the party's Floor leader, which Events 1431 - Joan of Arc is handed over to the Bishop Pierre Cauchon. Events 1600 - The Linköping Bloodbath takes place on Maundy Thursday in Linköping, Sweden. Year 1989 ( MCMLXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link displays 1989 Gregorian calendar) Robert Henry "Bob" Michel (born March 2 1923 in Peoria Illinois) is a former member of the United States House of Representatives Chester Trent Lott Sr (born October 9, 1941) is a former United States Senator from Mississippi and a member of the Republican Party Newton "Newt" Leroy Gingrich, (born Newton Leroy McPherson on June 17, 1943) is an American politician and author who served as the Speaker The United States House of Representatives is one of the two chambers of the United States Congress; the other is the Senate. The State of Wyoming ( is a sparsely populated state in the western region of the United States. All of the US state of Wyoming is fully within one at large Congressional District making it the third largest district geographically in the nation Events 1431 - Joan of Arc is handed over to the Bishop Pierre Cauchon. Year 1979 ( MCMLXXIX) was a Common year starting on Monday (link displays the 1979 Gregorian calendar) Events 1600 - The Linköping Bloodbath takes place on Maundy Thursday in Linköping, Sweden. Year 1989 ( MCMLXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link displays 1989 Gregorian calendar) Teno Roncalio ( March 23, 1916 - March 30, 2003) was a Democratic politician Craig Thomas may refer to Craig L Thomas (1933-2007 American politician who represented Wyoming in the United States Senate from 1995 to 2007 The White House Chief of Staff is the highest-ranking member of the Executive Office of the President of the United States and a senior aide to the President Events 164 BC - Judas Maccabaeus, son of Mattathias of the Hasmonean family restores the Temple in Jerusalem. Year 1975 ( MCMLXXV) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 250 - Emperor Decius begins a widespread persecution of Christians in Rome. Also 1977 (album by Ash. Year 1977 ( MCMLXXVII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays Gerald Rudolph Ford Jr (July 14 1913 December 26 2006 was the thirty-eighth President of the United States, serving from 1974 to 1977 and the fortieth Vice President Donald Henry Rumsfeld (born July 9 1932 is a United States Businessman, Politician, the 13th Secretary of Defense under President William Hamilton McWhorter Jordan ( September 21 1944 &ndash May 20 2008) was Chief of Staff to President of the United States Events 1648 - Eighty Years' War: The Treaty of Münster is signed ending the conflict between the Netherlands and Spain Year 1941 ( MCMXLI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (the link will display 1941 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The City of Lincoln ( Umóⁿhoⁿ: Nískithe Tʰóⁿwoⁿgthoⁿ ˈnĩskiˡðe ˌtʰãwãŋgˡðã meaning "Salt Village" for Salt Creek which was the Nebraska ( is a state located on the Great Plains of the Midwestern United States and The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Lynne Ann Vincent Cheney (born August 14, 1941) is the current Second Lady of the United States, the wife of United States Vice President Number One Observatory Circle is the Official residence of the Vice President of the United States. Alma mater is Latin for "nourishing mother" It was used in Ancient Rome as a title for the mother Goddess, and in Medieval The University of Wyoming is a Land-grant university located in Laramie, Wyoming, situated on Wyoming's high Laramie Plains, at an elevation The United Methodist Church is the largest Methodist denomination and the second largest Protestant denomination in the United States. Events 1648 - Eighty Years' War: The Treaty of Münster is signed ending the conflict between the Netherlands and Spain Year 1941 ( MCMXLI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (the link will display 1941 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Vice President of the United States is the first person in the presidential line of succession, becoming the new President of the United States upon the death As Vice President, Cheney is also the President of the United States Senate. The President of the Senate is a title often given to the presiding officer speaker or chairman of a Senate.

Cheney was born in Lincoln, Nebraska but soon relocated to Casper, Wyoming where he grew up. The City of Lincoln ( Umóⁿhoⁿ: Nískithe Tʰóⁿwoⁿgthoⁿ ˈnĩskiˡðe ˌtʰãwãŋgˡðã meaning "Salt Village" for Salt Creek which was the Nebraska ( is a state located on the Great Plains of the Midwestern United States and Casper is the only City in and the County seat of Natrona County, Wyoming, United States, although the county is home to a number The State of Wyoming ( is a sparsely populated state in the western region of the United States. He began his political career as an intern for Congressman William A. Steiger, eventually working his way into the White House during the Ford administration where he served as White House Chief of Staff. William Albert "Bill" Steiger ( May 15, 1938 - December 4, 1978) was a member of the United States House of Representatives Gerald Rudolph Ford Jr (July 14 1913 December 26 2006 was the thirty-eighth President of the United States, serving from 1974 to 1977 and the fortieth Vice President The White House Chief of Staff is the highest-ranking member of the Executive Office of the President of the United States and a senior aide to the President In 1978, Cheney was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives from Wyoming; he was reelected five times, eventually becoming House Minority Whip. The United States House of Representatives is one of the two chambers of the United States Congress; the other is the Senate. The State of Wyoming ( is a sparsely populated state in the western region of the United States. A whip in the United States House of Representatives is a member of the party leadership who comes second in line after the party's Floor leader, which Cheney was selected to be the Secretary of Defense during the presidency of George H.W. Bush, a position he held for all but two months of Bush's term. The United States Secretary of Defense ( SECDEF) is the head of the U George Herbert Walker Bush (born June 12 1924 served as the forty-first President of the United States from 1989 to 1993 During this time, Cheney oversaw the 1991 Operation Desert Storm, among other actions.

Out of office during the Clinton presidency, Cheney was Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Halliburton Company from 1995 to 2000. William Jefferson "Bill" Clinton (born William Jefferson Blythe III, August 19 1946 served as the forty-second President of the United States A chief executive officer ( CEO) or chief executive is typically the highest-ranking corporate officer ( executive) or administrator Halliburton Energy Services ( is a US -based Multinational corporation with operations in more than 70 countries

Cheney joined the presidential campaign of George W. Bush in 2000, who selected him as his running mate. George Walker Bush ( born July 6 1946 is the forty-third and current President of the United States. As Vice President, Cheney remains a very public and controversial figure. Many of his policy recommendations initially drew strong approval, but his second term has drawn more disapproval.

Contents 1 Early life and family 1.1 Marriage and children 2 Vietnam War draft 3 Early White House appointments 4 Congress 4.1 Votes 4.2 House Minority Whip 5 Secretary of Defense 5.1 Early tenure 5.2 Budgetary practices 5.3 Political climate and agenda 5.4 International situations 5.4.1 Iraqi invasion of Kuwait 5.4.1.1 US and world reaction 5.4.1.2 Military action 5.4.1.3 Aftermath 6 Private sector career 7 Vice-President 7.1 2000 election 7.2 First term 7.2.1 War on Terrorism 7.3 Second term 7.3.1 Disclosure of documents 7.3.2 CIA leak scandal 7.3.3 Hunting incident 7.3.4 Impeachment proceedings 7.3.5 Assassination attempt 7.3.6 Policy formulation 8 Health problems 9 Public perception 10 Footnotes 11 Further reading 11.1 Works by 11.2 Works about 12 External links

Early life and family

Cheney was born in Lincoln, Nebraska, the son of Marjorie Lorraine (née Dickey) and Richard Herbert Cheney. The City of Lincoln ( Umóⁿhoⁿ: Nískithe Tʰóⁿwoⁿgthoⁿ ˈnĩskiˡðe ˌtʰãwãŋgˡðã meaning "Salt Village" for Salt Creek which was the Nebraska ( is a state located on the Great Plains of the Midwestern United States and He attended Calvert Elementary School^[2][3] before his family moved to Casper, Wyoming,^[4] where he attended Natrona County High School. Surroundings A large community Recreation center is attached to Calvert Casper is the only City in and the County seat of Natrona County, Wyoming, United States, although the county is home to a number The State of Wyoming ( is a sparsely populated state in the western region of the United States. Natrona County High School is a public secondary institution (grades 9-12 located in Casper, Wyoming and serves Natrona County School District #1 which encompasses His father was a soil conservation agent for the U.S. Department of Agriculture and his mother was a softball star in the 1930s;^[5] Cheney has a brother and a sister as well. Softball is a team Sport popular especially in the United States. He attended Yale University but, as he himself stated, "I flunked out. "^[6][7] Amongst the influential teachers from his days in New Haven was Professor H. Bradford Westerfield, whom Cheney repeatedly credited with having helped to shape his hard-line approach to foreign policy. H Bradford Westerfield ( March 7, 1928 - January 19, 2008) was Damon Wells Professor of International Studies and professor of political science ^[8] He later attended the University of Wyoming where he earned both a Bachelor of Arts and a Master of Arts in political science. The University of Wyoming is a Land-grant university located in Laramie, Wyoming, situated on Wyoming's high Laramie Plains, at an elevation Political science is a branch of Social sciences that deals with the theory and practice of Politics and the description and analysis of Political systems He subsequently started, but did not finish, doctoral studies at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. ^[9]

In November 1962, at the age of 21, Cheney was convicted of driving while intoxicated (DWI). Driving under the influence of alcohol ( driving while intoxicated, drunk driving, drinking and driving, drink-driving) or other drugs He was arrested for DWI again the following year. ^[10] Cheney said that the arrests made him, "think about where I was and where I was headed. I was headed down a bad road if I continued on that course. "^[11]

Marriage and children

In 1964, he married Lynne Vincent, his high school sweetheart, whom he had met at age 14. Lynne Ann Vincent Cheney (born August 14, 1941) is the current Second Lady of the United States, the wife of United States Vice President Lynne Cheney served as Chair of the National Endowment for the Humanities from 1986 to 1996. The National Endowment for the Humanities ( NEH) is an independent federal agency of the United States established by the National Foundation on the Arts and the Humanities She is now a public speaker, author, and a senior fellow at the American Enterprise Institute. The American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research (AEI is a conservative Think tank, founded in 1943

Cheney is a Christian, attending the United Methodist Church. A Christian is a person who adheres to Christianity, a monotheistic Religion centered on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth The United Methodist Church is the largest Methodist denomination and the second largest Protestant denomination in the United States. ^[12] He has two children, Elizabeth and Mary, and six grandchildren. Elizabeth Cheney Perry (born July 28, 1966) is an American Attorney. Mary Claire Cheney (born March 14, 1969) is the second daughter of Dick Cheney, the Vice President of the United States, and his wife Elizabeth, his eldest daughter, is married to Philip J. Perry, General Counsel of the Department of Homeland Security; Mary currently lives in Great Falls, Virginia with her longtime partner, Heather Poe. Great Falls is a Census-designated place (CDP in Fairfax County, Virginia, United States. The Commonwealth of Virginia ( is an American state ^[13] Mary's pregnancy and her sexual orientation as a lesbian became a source of public attention for Cheney during the 2004 election in light of the same-sex marriage debate. Sexual orientation is believed to refer to "an enduring pattern of emotional romantic and/or sexual attractions to men women or both sexes A lesbian is a Woman who is romantically or sexually attracted only to other women The United States presidential election of 2004 was held on Tuesday November 2, 2004, to elect the President of the United States. Same-sex marriage (also referred to as gay marriage) is a term for a legally or Socially recognized Marriage between two people of the same NOTICE TO WOULD-BE ROMEOS ************** ^[14]

Vietnam War draft

When Cheney became eligible for the draft, he was a supporter of the Vietnam War but did not serve in the military. The Draft redirects here For other uses see Draft. Conscription in the United States has been employed several times usually during The Vietnam War, also known as the Second Indochina War, or the Vietnam Conflict, occurred in Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia Instead, he applied for and received five draft deferments. In 1989, The Washington Post writer, George C. The Washington Post is the largest and most circulated Newspaper in Washington D Wilson, interviewed Cheney as the next Secretary of Defense; when asked about his deferments, Cheney reportedly said, "I had other priorities in the '60s than military service. The United States Secretary of Defense ( SECDEF) is the head of the U "^[15] Cheney testified during his confirmation hearings in 1989 that he received deferments to finish a college career that lasted six years rather than four, owing to sub par academic performance and the need to work to pay for his education. Initially, he was not called up because the Selective Service System was only taking older men. The Selective Service System is the means by which the United States administers military Conscription. When he became eligible for the draft, he applied for four deferments in sequence. He applied for his fifth exemption on January 19, 1966, when his wife was about 10 weeks pregnant. Events 1419 - Hundred Years' War: Rouen surrenders to Henry V of England completing his reconquest of Normandy. Year 1966 ( MCMLXVI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the 1966 Gregorian calendar. He was granted 3-A status, the "hardship" exemption, which excluded men with children or dependent parents. In January 1967, Cheney turned 26 and was no longer eligible for the draft. ^[16]

Early White House appointments

Cheney's political career began in 1969, as an intern for Congressman William A. Steiger during the Nixon Administration. Donald Henry Rumsfeld (born July 9 1932 is a United States Businessman, Politician, the 13th Secretary of Defense under President William Albert "Bill" Steiger ( May 15, 1938 - December 4, 1978) was a member of the United States House of Representatives He then joined the staff of Donald Rumsfeld, who was then Director of the Office of Economic Opportunity from 1969–70. Donald Henry Rumsfeld (born July 9 1932 is a United States Businessman, Politician, the 13th Secretary of Defense under President The Office of Economic Opportunity was the agency responsible for administering most of the War on Poverty programs created as part of United States President ^[10] He held several positions in the years that followed: White House Staff Assistant in 1971, Assistant Director of the Cost of Living Council from 1971–73, and Deputy Assistant to the president from 1974–1975. It was in this position that Cheney suggested in a memo to Rumsfeld that the Ford White House should use the Justice Department in a variety of legally questionable ways to exact retribution for an article published by The New York Times investigative reporter Seymour Hersh. For animal rights group see Justice Department (JD The United States Department of Justice ( DOJ) is a Cabinet department Seymour (Sy Myron Hersh (born April 8, 1937) is an American Pulitzer Prize winning investigative Journalist and Author ^[17][18]

Cheney was Assistant to the President under Gerald Ford. Gerald Rudolph Ford Jr (July 14 1913 December 26 2006 was the thirty-eighth President of the United States, serving from 1974 to 1977 and the fortieth Vice President When Rumsfeld was named Secretary of Defense, Cheney became White House Chief of Staff, succeeding Rumsfeld. The United States Secretary of Defense ( SECDEF) is the head of the U The White House Chief of Staff is the highest-ranking member of the Executive Office of the President of the United States and a senior aide to the President ^[10] He later was campaign manager for Ford's 1976 presidential campaign as well. The United States presidential election of 1976 followed the resignation of President Richard M ^[19]

Congress

In 1978, Cheney was elected to represent Wyoming in the U.S. House of Representatives and succeed retiring Congressman Teno Roncalio, having defeated his Democratic opponent, Bill Bailey. The State of Wyoming ( is a sparsely populated state in the western region of the United States. The United States House of Representatives is one of the two chambers of the United States Congress; the other is the Senate. Teno Roncalio ( March 23, 1916 - March 30, 2003) was a Democratic politician Cheney was reelected five times, serving until 1989. He was Chairman of the Republican Policy Committee from 1981 to 1987 when he was elected Chairman of the House Republican Conference. The House Republican Conference is an organization for Republicans in the United States House of Representatives. The following year, he was elected House Minority Whip. A whip in the United States House of Representatives is a member of the party leadership who comes second in line after the party's Floor leader, which ^[20]

Votes

Among the many votes he cast during his tenure in the House, he voted in 1979 with the majority against making Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.'s birthday a national holiday, but then voted with the majority in 1983 when the measure passed. Martin Luther King Jr ( January 15, 1929 April 4, 1968) was an American clergyman, Activist and prominent leader Lists of holidays The words holiday or vacation have related meanings in different English-speaking countries and continents but will usually refer to one of ^[19] He voted against the creation of the U.S. Department of Education, citing his concern over budget deficits and expansion of the federal government, and claiming that the Department was an encroachment on states' rights. The United States Department of Education (also referred to as ED, for Education Department is a Cabinet -level department of the United States ^[21] He voted against funding Head Start, but reversed his position in 2000. For the Australian television series see Head Start (TV series Head Start is a program of the United States Department of Health and Human ^[22]

In 1986, after President Ronald Reagan vetoed a bill to impose economic sanctions on South Africa for its policy of apartheid, Cheney was one of 83 Representatives to vote against overriding Reagan's veto. A veto, Latin for "I forbid" is used to Denote that a certain party has the right to stop unilaterally a certain piece of Legislation. The Republic of South Africa (also known by other official names) is a country located at the southern tip of the continent of Africa ^[23] In later years, he articulated his opposition to unilateral sanctions against many different countries, stating "they almost never work"^[24] and that in that case they might have ended up hurting the people instead. ^[25]

In 1986, Cheney, along with 145 Republicans and 31 Democrats, voted against a non-binding Congressional resolution calling on the South African government to release Nelson Mandela from prison, after the Democrats defeated proposed amendments that would have required Mandela to renounce violence sponsored by the African National Congress (ANC) and requiring it to oust the communist faction from its leadership; the resolution was defeated. Casper is the only City in and the County seat of Natrona County, Wyoming, United States, although the county is home to a number Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela (xolíɬaɬa mandéːla born 18 July 1918 is a former President of South Africa, the first to be elected in fully representative The African National Congress (ANC has been South Africa 's governing party supported by its Tripartite alliance with the Congress of South African Trade Unions South African Communist Party ( SACP) is a Political party in South Africa. Appearing on CNN, Cheney addressed criticism for this, saying he opposed the resolution because the ANC "at the time was viewed as a terrorist organization and had a number of interests that were fundamentally inimical to the United States. Cable News Network, usually referred to by its Initialism CNN, is a major English language Television network founded in 1980 by Ted Turner "^[26]

Cheney also served as ranking minority member of the Congressional committee investigating the Iran-Contra affair. The Iran-Contra affair was a political scandal which was revealed in November 1986 as a result of earlier events during the Reagan administration. ^{[10] [27]} He promoted Wyoming's petroleum and coal businesses as well,^[28] and as a result, the federal building in Casper, a regional center of the oil and coal business, is named the "Dick Cheney Federal Building. Petroleum ( L petroleum, from Greek πετρέλαιον, lit Casper is the only City in and the County seat of Natrona County, Wyoming, United States, although the county is home to a number "^[29]

House Minority Whip

In December 1988, the House Republicans elected Cheney as Minority Whip, the second spot under the Minority Leader. A whip in the United States House of Representatives is a member of the party leadership who comes second in line after the party's Floor leader, which ^[20] He served for two and a half months before he was appointed Secretary of Defense instead of former Texas Senator John G. Tower, whose nomination had been rejected by the Senate in March 1989. John Goodwin Tower ( September 29, 1925 – April 5, 1991) was the first Republican United States senator from Texas ^[30]

Secretary of Defense

Cheney served as the Secretary of Defense from March 1989 to January 1993 under President George H. W. Bush. The United States Secretary of Defense ( SECDEF) is the head of the U The United States Secretary of Defense ( SECDEF) is the head of the U George Herbert Walker Bush (born June 12 1924 served as the forty-first President of the United States from 1989 to 1993 He directed the United States invasion of Panama and Operation Desert Storm in the Middle East. The United States invasion of Panama, codenamed Operation Just Cause, was the Invasion of Panama by the United States in December 1989 In 1991 he was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom by President Bush. The Presidential Medal of Freedom is a decoration bestowed by the President of the United States and is along with the equivalent Congressional Gold Medal bestowed ^[20]

Early tenure

Cheney worked closely with Pete Williams, Assistant Secretary of Defense for Public Affairs, and Paul Wolfowitz, Under Secretary of Defense for Policy, from the beginning of his tenure. Pete Williams is an NBC News correspondent based in Washington D Paul Dundes Wolfowitz (born December 22, 1943) is a former United States Ambassador to Indonesia, U He focused primarily on external matters, and left most internal Pentagon management to Deputy Secretary of Defense Donald J. Atwood, Jr.^[30]

Budgetary practices

Cheney's most immediate issue as Secretary of Defense was the Department of Defense budget. Donald Jesse Atwood Jr (May 25 1924 &ndash April 24, 1994 was appointed Deputy Secretary of Defense for U The United States Department of Defense ( DOD or DoD) is the federal department charged with coordinating and supervising all agencies and functions of the government Cheney deemed it appropriate to cut the budget and downsize the military, following President Ronald Reagan's peacetime defense buildup at the height of the Cold War. Cold War is the state of conflict tension and competition that existed between the United States and the Soviet Union (USSR and their respective allies from the ^[31] As part of the fiscal year 1990 budget, Cheney assessed the requests from each of the branches of the armed services for such expensive programs as the B-2 stealth bomber, the V-22 Osprey tilt-wing helicopter, the Aegis destroyer and the MX missile, totaling approximately $4. 5 billion in light of changed world politics. ^[30] Cheney opposed the V-22 program, which Congress had already appropriated funds for, and initially refused to issue contracts for it before relenting. ^[32] When the 1990 Budget came before Congress in the summer of 1989, it settled on a figure between the Administration's request and the House Armed Services Committee's recommendation. The US House Committee on Armed Services, commonly known as the House Armed Services Committee, is a Standing committee of the United States House of Representatives ^[30]

In subsequent years under Cheney, the proposed and adopted budgets followed patterns similar to that of 1990. Early in 1991, he unveiled a plan to reduce military strength by the mid-1990s to 1. 6 million, compared with 2. 2 million when he entered office. Cheney's 1993 defense budget was reduced from 1992, omitting programs that Congress had directed the Department of Defense to buy weapons that it did not want, and omitting unrequested reserve forces. ^[30]

Over his four years as Secretary of Defense, Cheney downsized the military and his budgets showed negative real growth, despite pressures to acquire weapon systems advocated by Congress. The Department of Defense's total obligational authority in current dollars declined from $291 billion to $270 billion. Total military personnel strength decreased by 19 percent, from about 2. 2 million in 1989 to about 1. 8 million in 1993. ^[30]

Political climate and agenda

Cheney publicly expressed concern that nations such as Iraq, Iran, and North Korea, could acquire nuclear components after the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Iraq topics. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Iran topics. North Korea is the commonly used short form name for the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (or DPRK) a State located in East Asia, The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991 The end of the Cold War, the fall of the Soviet Union, and the disintegration of the Warsaw Pact obliged the first Bush Administration to reevaluate the North Atlantic Treaty Organization's (NATO's) purpose and makeup. Cold War is the state of conflict tension and competition that existed between the United States and the Soviet Union (USSR and their respective allies from the The Warsaw Pact (see Nomenclature) was an organization of Communist states in Central and Eastern Europe. The North Atlantic Treaty Cheney believed that NATO should remain the foundation of European security relationships and that it would remain important to the United States in the long term; he urged the alliance to lend more assistance to the new democracies in Eastern Europe. Eastern Europe is a general term that refers to the Geopolitical region encompassing the easternmost part of the European continent. ^[30]

Cheney's views on NATO reflected his skepticism about prospects for peaceful social development in the former Eastern Bloc countries, where he saw a high potential for political uncertainty and instability. During the Cold War, the term Communist Bloc (or Soviet Bloc) was used to refer to the Soviet Union and countries it either controlled or that were He felt that the Bush Administration was too optimistic in supporting Soviet Premier Mikhail Gorbachev and his successor, Russian President Boris Yeltsin. Premier of the Soviet Union is the commonly used English term for the offices of Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR (Председатель Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev ( Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachyov;; born 2 March 1931 in Privolnoye Stavropol Krai) is a Russian politician The President of Russia (Президент России or the President of the Russian Federation, Президент Российской Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin () (1 February 1931 23 April 2007 was the first President of the Russian Federation, serving from 1991 to 1999 ^[30] Cheney worked to maintain strong ties between the United States and its European allies. ^[33]

Cheney persuaded the Saudi Arabian leaders to allow bases of American ground troops and war planes in the nation, which became an important element of the success of the Gulf War. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, KSA ( المملكة العربية السعودية, al-Mamlaka al-ʻArabiyya as-Suʻūdiyya) or Suudi ^[34]

International situations

Using economic sanctions and political pressure, the United States mounted a campaign to drive Panamanian ruler General Manuel Antonio Noriega from power. Panama, officially the Republic of Panama (República de Panamá) is the southernmost country of Central America. Manuel Antonio Noriega (born February 11, 1934) He was never officially the President of Panama, but held the post of "chief executive officer" ^[30] In May 1989, after Guillermo Endara had been duly elected President of Panama, Noriega nullified the election outcome, drawing intensified pressure. Guillermo David Endara Galimany (born 12 May 1936 in Panama City) was the President of Panama from 1989 to 1994 In October, Noriega suppressed a military coup attempt, but in December, after his defense forces shot a U. S. serviceman, 24,000 U.S. troops invaded Panama under Cheney's direction. The United States invasion of Panama, codenamed Operation Just Cause, was the Invasion of Panama by the United States in December 1989 The stated reason for the invasion was to seize Noriega to face drug charges in the United States, protect American lives and property, and restore Panamanian civil liberties. ^[35] Although the mission was controversial,^[36] American forces achieved control and Endara assumed the Presidency; Noriega was convicted and imprisoned on racketeering and drug trafficking charges in April 1992. ^[37]

In 1991, the Somali Civil War drew the world's attention. The Somali Civil War is an armed conflict in Somalia that started in 1988 In August 1992, the United States began to provide humanitarian assistance, primarily food, through a military airlift. At President Bush's direction, Cheney dispatched the first of 26,000 U. S. troops to Somalia as part of the Unified Task Force (UNITAF), designed to provide security and food relief. Somalia ( Soomaaliya; الصومال) officially the Somali Republic ( Jamhuuriyadda Soomaaliya, جمهورية الصومال) and formerly known Unified Task Force (UNITAF was a United States led United Nations sanctioned multinational force which operated in the Republic of Somalia from 9 ^[30] Cheney's successors as Secretary of Defense, Les Aspin and William J. Perry, had to contend with both the Bosnian and Somali issues. Leslie "Les" Aspin Jr ( July 21, 1938 — May 21, 1995) was a United States Representative from 1971 to 1993 and William James Perry (born October 11, 1927) is an American businessman and engineer who was the United States Secretary of Defense from

Iraqi invasion of Kuwait

Cheney would face a big challenge in the Persian Gulf, on August 1, 1990, Iraqi dictator Saddam Hussein sent invading forces into neighboring Kuwait, a small oil-rich country long claimed by Iraq. The Persian Gulf, in the Southwest Asian region is an extension of the Events 30 BC - Octavian (later known as Augustus enters Alexandria, Egypt, bringing it under the control of the Roman Year 1990 ( MCMXC) was a Common year starting on Monday (link displays the 1990 Gregorian calendar) For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Iraq topics. Saddam Hussein Abd al-Majid al-Tikriti ( Arabic: ar صدام حسين عبد المجيد التكريتي --> April 28 1937 &ndash December 30 ^[38] An estimated 140,000 Iraqi troops quickly took control of Kuwait City and moved on to the Saudi Arabia/Kuwait border. Kuwait City ( Arabic: مدينة الكويت Transliteration: Madīnat al-Kūwait) is the Capital and largest The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, KSA ( المملكة العربية السعودية, al-Mamlaka al-ʻArabiyya as-Suʻūdiyya) or Suudi ^[30] The United States had already begun to develop contingency plans for defense of Saudi Arabia by the U.S. Central Command, headed by General Norman Schwarzkopf. The United States Central Command ( USCENTCOM) is a theater -level Unified Combatant Command unit of the U General H Norman Schwarzkopf (also known as '''"Stormin' Norman"''' and '''"The Bear"''') (b

US and world reaction

Cheney and Schwarzkopf oversaw planning for what would become a full-scale U. Khalid Bandar Fahad Turki The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, KSA ( المملكة العربية السعودية, al-Mamlaka al-ʻArabiyya as-Suʻūdiyya) or Suudi S. military operation. According to General Colin Powell, Cheney "had become a glutton for information, with an appetite we could barely satisfy. Colin Luther Powell, KCB (Honorary MSC, (born April 5, 1937) is a retired General in the United States Army. He spent hours in the National Military Command Center peppering my staff with questions. "^[30]

Shortly after the Iraqi invasion, Cheney made the first of several visits to Saudi Arabia where King Fahd requested U. King Fahd bin Abdul Aziz Al Saud, Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques, ( 1921 - August 1, 2005) was the King of the Kingdom S. military assistance. The United Nations took action as well, passing a series of resolutions condemning Iraq's invasion of Kuwait; the UN Security Council authorized "all means necessary" to eject Iraq from Kuwait, and demanded that the country withdraw its forces by January 15, 1991. The United Nations ( UN) is an International organization whose stated aims are to facilitate cooperation in International law, International security Events 588 BC - Nebuchadrezzar II of Babylon lays siege to Jerusalem under Zedekiah 's reign Year 1991 ( MCMXCI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar. ^[38] By then, the United States had a force of about 500,000 stationed in Saudi Arabia and the Persian Gulf. Other nations, including Great Britain, Canada, France, Italy, Syria, and Egypt, contributed troops, and other allies, most notably Germany and Japan, agreed to provide financial support for the coalition effort, named Operation Desert Shield. See also Kingdom of Great Britain Great Britain (Breatainn Mhòr Prydain Fawr Breten Veur Graet Breetain is the larger of the two main islands Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest Syria ( سوريّة or) officially the Syrian Arab Republic (Arabic ar الجمهورية العربية السورية This article is about the country of Egypt For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Egypt topics. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. ^[30]

On January 12, 1991, both Houses of Congress authorized the President to use military force to secure Iraq's compliance with UN resolutions on Kuwait. Events 475 - Basiliscus becomes Byzantine Emperor, with a coronation ceremony in the Hebdomon palace in Constantinople Year 1991 ( MCMXCI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar. ^[38]

Military action

The first phase of Operation Desert Storm, which began on January 17, 1991, was an air offensive to secure air superiority and attack Iraq's forces, targeting key Iraqi command and control centers, including Baghdad and Basra. Events 38 BC - Octavian marries Livia Drusilla. 1287 - King Alfonso III of Aragon invades Minorca Year 1991 ( MCMXCI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar. Baghdad (بغداد) is the Capital of Iraq and of Baghdad Governorate, with which it is also coterminous Basra ( BGN: AlBasrah also called Basorah Abillah and Uruk or IRAQ The name that British colony has adopted for Basra Cheney turned most other Department of Defense matters over to Deputy Secretary Atwood and briefed Congress during the air and ground phases of the war. ^[30] He flew with General Powell to the region (specifically Riyadh) to review and finalize the ground war plans. Riyadh ( الرياض Ar-Riyāḍ) is the Capital of Saudi Arabia and its largest city ^[38]

After an air offensive of more than five weeks, the UN coalition launched the ground war on February 24. Events 303 - Galerius, Roman Emperor, publishes his edict that begins the persecution of Christians in his portion of the Within 100 hours, Iraqi forces had been routed from Kuwait and General Schwarzkopf reported that the basic objective—expelling Iraqi forces from Kuwait—had been met on February 27. Events 1560 - The Treaty of Berwick, which would expel the French from Scotland, is signed by England and the Congregation ^[39] After consultation with Cheney and other members of his national security team, President Bush declared a suspension of hostilities. ^[38]

Aftermath

A total of 147 U. S. military personnel died in combat, and another 236 died as a result of accidents or other causes. ^[30][39] Iraq agreed to a formal truce on March 3, and a permanent cease-fire on April 6. Events 1284 - Statute of Rhuddlan incorporated the Principality of Wales into England 1575 - Indian Events 46 BC - Julius Caesar defeats Caecilius Metellus Scipio and Marcus Porcius Cato in the Battle of Thapsus ^[30]

Subsequently there was debate about whether the UN coalition should have driven as far as Baghdad to oust Saddam Hussein from power. President Bush agreed that the decision to end the ground war when they did was correct, but the debate persisted as Hussein remained in power and rebuilt his military forces. ^[30] Arguably the most significant debate concerned whether U. S. and coalition forces had left Iraq too soon. ^[40][41] In an April 15, 1994 interview with C-SPAN, Cheney explained that occupying and attempting to take over the country would have been a "bad idea" and would have led to a "quagmire. Events 1450 - Battle of Formigny: Toward the end of the Hundred Years' War, the French attack and nearly annihilate English Year 1994 ( MCMXCIV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full 1994 Gregorian calendar) C-SPAN (officially the Cable-Satellite Public Affairs Network) is an American Cable television network dedicated to airing non-stop coverage "^[42][43]

Cheney regarded the Gulf War as an example of the kind of regional problem the United States was likely to continue to face in the future. ^[44]

We're always going to have to be involved [in the Middle East]. Maybe it's part of our national character, you know we like to have these problems nice and neatly wrapped up, put a ribbon around it. You deploy a force, you win the war and the problem goes away and it doesn't work that way in the Middle East it never has and isn't likely to in my lifetime.

Private sector career

With the new Democratic administration under President Bill Clinton in January 1993, Cheney left the Department of Defense and joined the American Enterprise Institute. The Democratic Party is one of two major Political parties in the United States, the other being the Republican Party. William Jefferson "Bill" Clinton (born William Jefferson Blythe III, August 19 1946 served as the forty-second President of the United States The United States presidential elections of 1992 featured a battle between incumbent President, Republican George H The American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research (AEI is a conservative Think tank, founded in 1943 From 1995 until 2000, he served as Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer of Halliburton, a Fortune 500 company and market leader in the energy sector. Halliburton Energy Services ( is a US -based Multinational corporation with operations in more than 70 countries Please do not add the complete list of fortune 500 companies The list is copyrighted by Fortune which makes money by selling the content

Cheney's record as CEO was subject to some dispute among Wall Street analysts; a 1998 merger between Halliburton and Dresser Industries attracted the criticism of some Dresser executives for Halliburton's lack of accounting transparency. Dresser Industries was a Multinational corporation headquartered in Dallas, Texas, which provided a wide range of technology products and services used ^[45] During Cheney's tenure, Halliburton changed its accounting practices regarding revenue realization of disputed costs on major construction projects. ^[46] Cheney resigned as CEO of Halliburton on July 25, 2000. Halliburton Energy Services ( is a US -based Multinational corporation with operations in more than 70 countries Events 285 - Diocletian appoints Maximian as Caesar, co-ruler 2000 ( MM) was a Leap year that started on Saturday of the Common Era, in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. As vice president, he argued that this step removed any conflict of interest. A conflict of interest is a situation in which someone in a position of trust such as a Lawyer, Insurance adjuster, a Politician, executive or director Cheney's net worth, estimated to be between $30 million and $100 million, is largely derived from his post at Halliburton, as well as the Cheneys gross income of nearly $8. 82 million. ^[47]

In 1997, along with Donald Rumsfeld, William Kristol and others, Cheney founded the "Project for the New American Century," a neoconservative U.S. think tank whose self-stated goal is to "promote American global leadership. Donald Henry Rumsfeld (born July 9 1932 is a United States Businessman, Politician, the 13th Secretary of Defense under President William Kristol (born December 23, 1952 in New York City) is an American political analyst and commentator The Project for the New American Century (PNAC was an American neoconservative Think tank based in Washington D Neoconservatism (or Neocon is a Right-wing political philosophy that emerged in the United States from the rejection of the Social liberalism, Moral relativism The United States of America —commonly referred to as the A think tank (also called a policy institute) is an organization institute corporation or group that conducts Research and engages in advocacy in areas such "^[48] He was also part of the board of advisors of the Jewish Institute for National Security Affairs (JINSA) before becoming vice president. The Jewish Institute for National Security Affairs (JINSA is a Washington D ^[34]

Vice-President

2000 election

See also: United States presidential election, 2000

In early 2000, while serving as the CEO of Halliburton, Cheney headed George W. Bush's vice-presidential search committee. The United States presidential election of 2000 was a contest between Democratic candidate Al Gore, then Vice President, and Republican Leon J LaPorte is a retired United States Army General who served as Commander United States Forces Korea until 2006 Yongsan Garrison ( a facility which includes Camp Coiner, is a U George Walker Bush ( born July 6 1946 is the forty-third and current President of the United States. On July 25, after reviewing Cheney's findings, Bush surprised some pundits by asking Cheney himself to join the Republican ticket. ^[10] Halliburton reportedly reached agreement on July 20 to allow Cheney to retire, with a package estimated at $20 million. ^[49]

Cheney campaigned vigorously against Al Gore's running mate, Joseph Lieberman, in the 2000 presidential election. Albert Arnold Gore Jr (born March 31 1948 is an American environmental Activist, author Businessperson, former Politician, and former Joseph Isadore "Joe" Lieberman (born February 24 1942 is the junior United States Senator from Connecticut. Cheney, who had been typecast as being "aloof" during most of the campaign was remarkably lively during his visit to Chicago where he rode the L, danced the polka, served attendees kielbasa with stuffed cabbage and addressed a cheering crowd^[50]. Chicago (ʃɪˈkɑːgoʊ is the largest City by population in the state of Illinois and the American Midwest of the United States. The 'L' (variously and sometimes, styled "L" El EL or L) is a Rapid transit system that serves the city of The polka is a fast lively Central European Dance and also a genre of dance music familiar throughout Europe and the Americas Kielbasa comes from the Polish word kiełbasa for traditional Polish sausage.

While the election was undecided, the Bush-Cheney team was not eligible for public funding to plan a transition to a new administration. So, Cheney opened a privately funded transition office in Washington. This office worked to identify candidates for all important positions in the cabinet. ^[51] According to Craig Unger, Cheney advocated Donald Rumsfeld for the post of Secretary of Defense to counter the influence of Colin Powell at the State Department, and tried unsuccessfully to have Paul D. Wolfowitz named to replace George Tenet as director of the CIA. Craig Unger is an American Journalist and Writer. His most recent book is The Fall of the House of Bush about the internal feud in the Bush Donald Henry Rumsfeld (born July 9 1932 is a United States Businessman, Politician, the 13th Secretary of Defense under President Colin Luther Powell, KCB (Honorary MSC, (born April 5, 1937) is a retired General in the United States Army. Paul Dundes Wolfowitz (born December 22, 1943) is a former United States Ambassador to Indonesia, U George John Tenet (born January 5, 1953) was the Director of Central Intelligence for the United States Central Intelligence Agency near as long as it used to be several months ago It has been actively summarized and split into sub-articles and there is a dynamic talk page discussion of all ^[52]

First term

Following the September 11, 2001 attacks, Vice President Cheney remained physically apart from President Bush for security reasons. For a period, Cheney stayed at an "undisclosed location," out of public view. Blue Ridge Summit is a town in southcentral Pennsylvania, United States located at 39 ^[53]

On the morning of June 29, 2002, Cheney served as Acting President of the United States under the terms of the 25th Amendment to the Constitution, while President Bush was undergoing a colonoscopy. Events 512 - A Solar eclipse is recorded by a monastic chronicler in Ireland. See also 2002 (disambiguation Year 2002 ( MMII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. Acting President of the United States is a reference to a person who is legitimately exercising the Presidential powers even though that person does not hold the office of the President The Twenty-fifth Amendment ( Amendment XXV) to the United States Constitution partially replaced the ambiguous wording of Article II Section 1 Clause The Constitution of the United States of America is the supreme Law of the United States. Colonoscopy is the endoscopic examination of the large colon and the distal part of the small bowel with a CCD camera or a Fiber optic Cheney acted as President from 11:09 UTC that day until Bush resumed control at 13:24 UTC^[54][55]

War on Terrorism

Since the September 11, 2001 attacks on the United States, Cheney has helped shape President Bush's approach to the war on terrorism. The War on Terrorism (also known as the War on Terror) is the common term for the military political and legal, and ideological conflict and specifically for U Despite contrary claims from The Pentagon, Cheney continued to assert a connection between Al-Qaeda and Iraq prior to the Iraq War in several public speeches, drawing criticism from some members of the intelligence community and leading Democrats. The Pentagon is the Headquarters of the United States Department of Defense, located in Arlington County, Virginia. ^[56][57] He also made numerous public statements regarding Iraq's alleged weapons of mass destruction, and made repeated personal visits to CIA headquarters, where he questioned mid-level agency analysts on their WMD conclusions. ^[58]

Following the U. S. invasion of Iraq, Cheney remained steadfast in his support of the war, stating that it would be an "enormous success story"^[59] and made many visits to the country. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Iraq topics. He often criticized war critics, calling them “opportunists” who were peddling “cynical and pernicious falsehoods” to gain political advantage while U. There has been significant opposition to the Iraq War across the world S. soldiers died in Iraq. In response, Senator John Kerry asserted, “It is hard to name a government official with less credibility on Iraq [than Cheney]. } John Forbes Kerry (born December 11 1943 is an American Politician who is currently serving his fourth term as the junior United States Senator "^[60]

Second term

See also: United States presidential election, 2004

George W. Bush and Cheney were re-elected in the 2004 presidential election, running against John Kerry and his running mate, John Edwards. The United States presidential election of 2004 was held on Tuesday November 2, 2004, to elect the President of the United States. Valdas Adamkus, born Voldemaras Adamkavičius on November 3 1926 is the current President of the Republic of Lithuania. George Walker Bush ( born July 6 1946 is the forty-third and current President of the United States. The United States presidential election of 2004 was held on Tuesday November 2, 2004, to elect the President of the United States. } John Forbes Kerry (born December 11 1943 is an American Politician who is currently serving his fourth term as the junior United States Senator Johnny Reid "John" Edwards (born June 10 1953

Cheney's former chief legal counsel, David Addington^[61], is currently his chief of staff. David S Addington (b January 22, 1957, Washington DC) is chief of staff and former legal Counsel to Vice President John P. Hannah serves as his national security adviser. John Peter Hannah (born January 5, 1962) is the Assistant to U ^[62] Until his resignation in 2005, I. Lewis "Scooter" Libby, Jr. served in both roles. Irve Lewis "Scooter" Libby (born August 22 1950) is a former Assistant to the President of the United States, George W ^[63]

On the morning of July 21, 2007, Cheney once again served as Acting President for about two and a half hours. Events 356 BC - Herostratus sets fire to the Temple of Artemis in Ephesus, one of the Seven Wonders of the World Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. President Bush transferred the power of the presidency prior to undergoing a medical procedure, requiring sedation, and later resumed his powers and duties that same day. ^[64]

Since 2001, when asked if he is interested in the Republican presidential nomination, Cheney has said he wishes to retire to private life after his term as Vice President expires. ^[65]

Disclosure of documents

Cheney was a prominent member of the National Energy Policy Development Group (NEPDG),^[66] commonly known as the Energy task force, which comprised energy industry representatives, including several Enron executives. Donald Henry Rumsfeld (born July 9 1932 is a United States Businessman, Politician, the 13th Secretary of Defense under President In his second week in office George W Bush created the task force officially known as the National Energy Policy Development Group (NEPDG with Dick Cheney as chairman Enron Creditors Recovery Corporation (formerly Enron Corporation, former NYSE ticker symbol ENE was an American Energy company based in After the Enron scandal, critics accused the Bush administration of improper political and business ties. The Enron scandal was a financial scandal involving Enron Corporation Former ( NYSE ticker symbol ENE and its accounting firm Arthur Andersen In July 2003, the Supreme Court ruled that the Department of Commerce must disclose NEPDG documents, containing references to companies that had made agreements with Saddam Hussein to develop Iraq's oil. The Supreme Court of the United States is the highest judicial body in the United States and leads the federal judiciary. The United States Department of Commerce is the Cabinet department of the United States government concerned with promoting Economic growth Saddam Hussein Abd al-Majid al-Tikriti ( Arabic: ar صدام حسين عبد المجيد التكريتي --> April 28 1937 &ndash December 30 ^[67]

Since 2003, the vice president's staff have opted not to file required reports with the National Archives and Records Administration office charged with assuring that the executive branch protects classified information, nor has it allowed inspection of its record keeping. ^[68] Cheney refused to release the documents, citing his executive privilege to deny congressional information requests. ^[69][70] Such media outlets as Time Magazine and CBS News sarcastically questioned whether Cheney had created a "fourth branch of government" that was not subject to any laws. Time (trademarked in capitals as TIME) is a weekly American Newsmagazine, similar to Newsweek and CBS News is the news division of American Television and Radio network CBS. ^[71]

CIA leak scandal

Main article: CIA leak scandal

See also: CIA leak grand jury investigation and United States v. Libby

On October 18, 2005, The Washington Post reported that the vice president's office was central to the investigation of the Valerie Plame CIA leak scandal, for Cheney's former chief of staff, Lewis "Scooter" Libby, was one of the figures under investigation. The phrase Plame Affair (also known as the CIA leak scandal, the CIA leak case, the CIA leak grand jury investigation, and Plamegate) refers CIA leak grand jury investigation (related to the " CIA leak scandal United States of America v I Lewis Libby also known as "Scooter Libby" (USA v Events 1009 - The Church of the Holy Sepulchre, a Christian church in Jerusalem, is completely destroyed by the Fatimid Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Washington Post is the largest and most circulated Newspaper in Washington D Valerie Elise Plame Wilson (born 19 April 1963) known as Valerie Plame, Valerie E The phrase Plame Affair (also known as the CIA leak scandal, the CIA leak case, the CIA leak grand jury investigation, and Plamegate) refers In Politics, a chief of staff is the primary aide to a political leader or position Irve Lewis "Scooter" Libby (born August 22 1950) is a former Assistant to the President of the United States, George W ^[72] On March 6, 2007, Libby was convicted on four felony counts for obstruction of justice, perjury, and making false statements to federal investigators. Events 1079 - Omar Khayyám completes the Iranian calendar. 1454 - Thirteen Years' War: Delegates of Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. This statute generally prohibits lying to or concealing information from a federal official ^[73] Libby resigned from his positions as Cheney's chief of staff and assistant on national security affairs after his indictment in 2005. The National Journal reported that Libby had stated before a grand jury that his superiors, including Vice President Cheney, had authorized him to disclose classified information to the press regarding Iraq's weapons intelligence on February 9, 2006. Events 474 - Zeno crowned as co-emperor of the Byzantine Empire. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ^[74]

On September 8, 2006, Richard Armitage, former Deputy Secretary of State, publicly announced that he was the source of the revelation of Plame's status. Events 70 - Roman forces under Titus sack Jerusalem. 1264 - The Statute of Kalisz Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Richard Armitage may refer to Richard Armitage (actor, English actor Richard Armitage (politician, American politician Armitage said he was not a part of a conspiracy to reveal Plame's identity and did not know whether one existed. ^[75]

Hunting incident

Main article: Dick Cheney hunting incident

On February 11, 2006, Cheney accidentally^[76] shot Harry Whittington, a 78-year-old Texas attorney, in the face, neck, and upper torso with birdshot pellets when he turned to shoot a quail while hunting on a southern Texas ranch. The Dick Cheney hunting incident occurred on February 11, 2006, when U Events 660 BC - Traditional founding date of Japan by Emperor Jimmu. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Harry M Whittington (born March 3, 1927) is an American lawyer, Real estate investor and political figure from Austin Texas Quail is a collective name for several genera of mid-sized Birds in the Pheasant family Phasianidae, or in the family Odontophoridae. ^[77]

Whittington suffered a mild heart attack, and atrial fibrillation due to a pellet that embedded in the outer layers of his heart. Myocardial infarction ( MI or AMI for acute myocardial infarction) also known as a heart attack, occurs when the blood supply Atrial fibrillation ( AF or afib) is a Cardiac arrhythmia (abnormal heart rhythm that involves the two upper chambers ( atria) of the Heart The Kenedy County Sheriff's office cleared Cheney of any criminal wrongdoing in the matter, and in an interview with Fox News, Cheney accepted full responsibility for the incident. Kenedy County is a County located in the US state of Texas. It is part of the Kingsville Micropolitan Statistical Area. ^[78] Whittington was discharged from the hospital on February 17, 2006. Events 1500 - Battle of Hemmingstedt. 1600 - Philosopher Giordano Bruno is burned alive at Campo de' Fiori Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Later, Whittington apologized to the vice-president for the trouble the event had caused him and his family. Cheney reiterated that it was an honest accident. ^[79] Cheney became the target of satire after the incident; one notable reference to the event was Stephen Colbert at the 2006 White House Correspondents' Association Dinner. On April 29 2006, American Comedian Stephen Colbert appeared as the featured entertainer at the 2006 White House Correspondents' Association ^[80]

Impeachment proceedings

Main article: US House Resolution 333

On April 24, 2007, Representative Dennis Kucinich of Ohio presented articles of impeachment against Cheney, as House Resolution 333. House Resolution 333 ( is a resolution proposed in the House of Representatives on April 24, 2007 by Representative Dennis Kucinich (D- Events 1479 BC - Thutmose III ascends to the throne of Egypt, although power effectively shifts to Hatshepsut (according to Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Dennis John Kucinich (kuˈsɪnɪtʃ (born October 8[[ 946]] is a Democratic member of the United States House of Representatives and was a candidate for Ohio ( is a Midwestern state of the United States. As part of the Great Lakes region, Ohio has long been a cultural and geographical crossroads The articles of impeachment are the set of charges drafted against a public official to initiate the Impeachment process House Resolution 333 ( is a resolution proposed in the House of Representatives on April 24, 2007 by Representative Dennis Kucinich (D- ^[81][82][83] It was not initially cosponsored, and was immediately referred to the House Judiciary Committee, where no action was taken. United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary US House Committee on the Judiciary, or (more commonly the House Judiciary Committee, is a Standing committee of ^[84] The resolution has acquired twenty-four Democratic cosponsors since its introduction, six of whom are members of the House Judiciary Committee. ^[85][86] After six months without a debate or vote, Kucinich re-introduced identical content as a new resolution, House Resolution 799, on November 6, 2007. Events 355 - Roman Emperor Constantius II promotes his cousin Julian to the rank of Caesar, entrusting him with Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ^[87] This was also referred to the House Judiciary Committee. ^[88]

Assassination attempt

Main article: 2007 Bagram Air Base bombing

On February 27, 2007, at about 10 a. Addison Mitchell "Mitch" McConnell Jr (born February 20 1942 is the senior United States Senator from Kentucky. Chester Trent Lott Sr (born October 9, 1941) is a former United States Senator from Mississippi and a member of the Republican Party The 2007 Bagram Air Base bombing was a Suicide attack that had killed up to 23 people and injured 20 more at the Bagram Air Base in Afghanistan, while Events 1560 - The Treaty of Berwick, which would expel the French from Scotland, is signed by England and the Congregation Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. m. , a suicide bomber killed 23 people and wounded 20 more outside Bagram Air Base in Afghanistan during a visit by Cheney. Bagram Air Base is a militarized Airport and housing complex that is located next to the ancient city of Bagram, southeast of Charikar in Parwan Afghanistan /æfˈgænɪstæn/ officially the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan ( Pashto: د افغانستان اسلامي جمهوریت, Qari Yousef Ahmadi, a Taliban spokesman, claimed responsibility for the attack and said Cheney was its intended target. The Taliban ( طالبان, also anglicised as Taleban; translation "students" is a Sunni Islamist, predominately The Taliban claim that Osama Bin Laden supervised the operation. Osama bin Laden, with some spelling variations is the name used in English to refer to (أسامة بن محمد بن عوض بن لادن born 10 March ^[89] The bomb went off outside the front gate, however, while Cheney was inside the base and half a mile away. He reported hearing the blast, saying "I heard a loud boom. . . The Secret Service came in and told me there had been an attack on the main gate. "^[90] The purpose of Cheney's visit to the region had been to press Pakistan for a united front against the Taliban. Pakistan () officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country located in South Asia, Southwest Asia, Middle East and ^[91]

Policy formulation

Both supporters and detractors of Cheney regard him as a shrewd and knowledgeable politician who knows the functions and intricacies of the federal government. A sign of Cheney's active policy-making role was House Speaker Dennis Hastert's provision of an office near the House floor for Cheney^[92] in addition to his office in the West Wing,^[93] his ceremonial office in the Old Executive Office Building,^[94] and his Senate offices (one in the Dirksen Senate Office Building and another off the floor of the Senate). See also Illinois's 14th congressional district special election 2008 John Dennis "Denny" Hastert (born January 2, 1942) is an The West Wing is the Official offices of the President of the United States The Eisenhower Executive Office Building (EEOB was formerly known as the Old Executive Office Building (OEOB and originally was built as the State War and Navy Building The Dirksen Senate Office Building was the second office building constructed for members of the United States Senate in Washington D ^[95][92]

Cheney has actively promoted an expansion of the powers of the presidency, saying that the Bush administration’s challenges to the laws which Congress passed after Vietnam and Watergate to contain and oversee the executive branch—the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act, the Presidential Records Act, the Freedom of Information Act and the War Powers Resolution—are, in Cheney's words, “a restoration, if you will, of the power and authority of the president. The Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 (" FISA ",) is an Act of Congress which prescribes procedures for the physical and electronic Surveillance The Presidential Records Act (PRA of 1978 44 USC §2201-2207 governs the official records of Presidents and Vice Presidents created or received after The War Powers Act of 1973 ( also referred to as the War Powers Resolution is a resolution of the Congress of The United States of America that stated that the President of ”^[96][97]

In June of 2007, the Washington Post summarized Cheney’s vice presidency in a Pulitzer Prize-winning^[98] four-part series, based in part on interviews with former administration officials. The Washington Post is the largest and most circulated Newspaper in Washington D The articles characterized Cheney not as a “shadow” president, but as someone who usually has the last words of counsel to the president on policies, which in many cases would reshape the powers of the presidency. When former vice president Dan Quayle suggested to Cheney that the office was largely ceremonial, Cheney reportedly replied, “I have a different understanding with the president. James Danforth "Dan" Quayle (born February 4 1947 is an American politician and a former Senator from the state of Indiana. ” The articles described Cheney as having a secretive approach to the tools of government, indicated by the use of his own security classification and three man-sized safes in his offices. ^[99]

The articles described Cheney’s influence on decisions pertaining to detention of suspected terrorists and the legal limits that apply to their questioning, especially what constitutes torture. ^[100] They characterized Cheney as having the strongest influence within the administration in shaping budget and tax policy in a manner that assures “conservative orthodoxy. ” ^[101] They also highlighted Cheney’s behind-the-scenes influence on the administration’s environmental policy to ease pollution controls for power plants, facilitate the disposal of nuclear waste, open access to federal timber resources, and avoid federal constraints on greenhouse gas emissions, among other issues. The articles characterized his approach to policy formulation as favoring business over the environment. ^[102]

Health problems

Cheney's long histories of cardiovascular disease and periodic need for urgent health care have raised questions of whether he is medically fit to serve in public office. Cardiovascular disease or cardiovascular diseases refers to the class of diseases that involve the Heart or Blood vessels ( arteries and Formerly a heavy smoker, Cheney sustained the first of four heart attacks in 1978, at age 37. Myocardial infarction ( MI or AMI for acute myocardial infarction) also known as a heart attack, occurs when the blood supply Subsequent attacks in 1984, 1988, and 2000 have resulted in moderate contractile dysfunction of his left ventricle. The left ventricle is one of four chambers (two atria and two ventricles in the Human Heart. He underwent four-vessel coronary artery bypass grafting in 1988, coronary artery stenting in November 2000, and urgent coronary balloon angioplasty in March 2001. Coronary artery bypass surgery, also coronary artery bypass graft surgery, and colloquially heart bypass or bypass surgery is a surgical procedure In Medicine, a stent is a tube that is inserted into a natural conduit of the body to prevent or counteract a disease-induced localized flow constriction Angioplasty is the technique of mechanically widening a narrowed or totally obstructed Blood vessel; typically as a result of Atherosclerosis. ^[103]

As vice president, Cheney is cared for by the White House Medical Group (WHMG). ^[104] Staff from the WHMG accompany the president and the vice president while either are traveling, and make advance contact with local emergency medical services to ensure that urgent care is available immediately should it be necessary. He has undergone a number of operations during his tenure.

In 2001, an examination of Cheney with a Holter monitor revealed the presence of brief episodes of (asymptomatic) ectopy. In Medicine, a Holter monitor (also called an ambulatory electrocardiography device) named after its inventor Dr Cardiac ectopy or "ventricular extra beats" is a disturbance of the Electrical conduction system of the heart in which beats arise from the wrong part of the heart An electrophysiologic study was performed, at which Cheney was found to have an unsteady and potentially fatal heartbeat. An electrophysiologic study (EPS is one of a number of tests of the Electrical conduction system of the heart performed by a cardiac electrophysiologist, a specialist ^[105] An implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) was therefore implanted in his left upper anterior chest. An implantable cardioverter-defibrillator ( ICD) is a small battery -powered electrical impulse generator which is implanted in patients who are at risk of Sudden ^[106]

On September 24, 2005, Cheney underwent a six hour endo-vascular procedure to repair popliteal artery aneurysms bilaterally, a catheter treatment technique used in the artery behind each knee. Events 622 - Prophet Muhammad completes his hegira from Mecca to Medina. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The blood vessels are part of the Circulatory system and function to transport Blood throughout the body In Human anatomy, the popliteal artery is defined as the extension of the "superficial" Femoral artery after passing through the Adductor canal An aneurysm (or aneurism) is a localized blood-filled dilation (balloon-like bulge of a blood vessel caused by disease or weakening of the vessel wall In Medicine a catheter is a tube that can be inserted into a body cavity duct or vessel ^[103] The condition was discovered at a regular physical in July, and was not life-threatening. ^[105] Cheney was taken to hospital for tests after experiencing shortness of breath five months later. In late April, 2006, an ultrasound revealed that the clot was smaller. ^[103]

On March 5, 2007, Cheney was treated for deep-vein thrombosis in his left leg at George Washington University Hospital after experiencing pain in his left calf. Events 363 - Roman Emperor Julian moves from Antioch with an army of 90000 to attack the Sassanid Empire, in a Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. In Medicine, deep vein thrombosis (also known as deep-vein thrombosis or deep venous thrombosis and usually abbreviated as DVT) is the formation The George Washington University ( GW or GWU) is a private coeducational university located in Washington D ^[103] Doctors prescribed blood-thinning medication and allowed him to return to work. ^[107]

CBS News reported that during the morning of November 26, 2007, Cheney was diagnosed with atrial fibrillation and underwent treatment that afternoon. CBS News is the news division of American Television and Radio network CBS. Events 43 BC - The Second Triumvirate alliance of Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus ("Octavian" later "Caesar Augustus" Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Atrial fibrillation ( AF or afib) is a Cardiac arrhythmia (abnormal heart rhythm that involves the two upper chambers ( atria) of the Heart ^[103]

Public perception

In the beginning of the Bush administration, Cheney's public opinion polls were more favorable than unfavorable. In the wake of the September 11, 2001 attacks, both Bush's and Cheney's approval ratings rose, with Cheney reaching 63%^[108] and the president with 90%. In the United States, presidential job approval ratings were introduced by George Gallup in the late 1930s (probably 1937 to gauge public support for the president ^[109] The polling numbers for both men have steadily declined since that period, however. ^[108][110]Cheney's Gallup poll figures are consistent with those from other polls:^[108]

• April, 2001—63% approval, 21% disapproval
• January, 2002—68% approval, 18% disapproval
• January, 2004—56% approval, 36% disapproval
• January, 2005—50% approval, 40% disapproval
• January, 2006—41% approval, 46% disapproval
• July, 2007—30% approval, 60% disapproval

Cheney has created controversy, mostly from his role in shaping the Bush administration's policies on Iraq and the war on terrorism. In one instance, the vice president was recorded as apparently supporting waterboarding, widely regarded as a form of torture, as an interrogation technique for questioning suspected terrorists. Waterboarding is a form of Torture that consists of immobilizing a person on their back with the head inclined downward and pouring water over the face and into the breathing ^[111] The following day, the White House denied that Cheney was referring to waterboarding or torture. ^[112]

In April 2007 the Vice President was awarded an honorary doctorate of public service from Brigham Young University, where he delivered the commencement address. An honorary degree or a degree honoris causa ( Latin: 'for the sake of the honour' is an Academic degree for which a university (or other degree-awarding ^[113] His selection as graduate commencement speaker was controversial. The college board of trustees issued a statement explaining that the invitation to Vice President Cheney should be viewed "as one extended to someone holding the high office of vice president of the United States rather than to a partisan political figure. "^[114] BYU permitted a protest to occur so long as it did not "make personal attacks against Cheney, attack (the) BYU administration, the church or the First Presidency. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints is the fourth largest Christian denomination in the United States and the largest and most well-known First Presidency The First Presidency (also called the Quorum of the Presidency of the Church or simply the Presidency) is the presiding or governing authority "^[115]

Footnotes

Further reading

Works by

• Professional Military Education: An Asset for Peace and Progress : A Report of the Crisis Study Group on Professional Military Education (Csis Report) 1997. ISBN 0-89206-297-5
• Kings of the Hill: How Nine Powerful Men Changed the Course of American History 1996. ISBN 0-8264-0230-5

Works about

• Andrews, Elaine. Dick Cheney: A Life Of Public Service. Millbrook Press, 2001. ISBN 0-7613-2306-6
• Mann, James. Rise of the Vulcans: The History of Bush's War Cabinet. Viking, 2004. ISBN 0-670-03299-9
• Nichols, John. Dick: The Man Who is President. New Press, 2004. ISBN 1-56584-840-3

External links

• Official homepage at whitehouse.gov
• Dick Cheney at the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress
• US Department of State
• The New York Times — Dick Cheney archives
• Vice Presidential Debate, October 5, 2004: Transcript text, Audio and Video (RealPlayer or MPG format)

Political offices
Preceded by Donald Rumsfeld	White House Chief of Staff 1975 – 1977	Succeeded by Hamilton Jordan
Preceded by Frank C. Carlucci	United States Secretary of Defense Served Under: George H. W. Bush 1989 – 1993	Succeeded by Les Aspin
Preceded by Al Gore	Vice President of the United States January 20, 2001 – Present Acting President: June 29, 2002 & July 21, 2007	Succeeded by Incumbent
United States House of Representatives
Preceded by Teno Roncalio	Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Wyoming's At-large congressional district 1979 – 1989	Succeeded by Craig Thomas
Party political offices
Preceded by Jack Kemp	Chairman of House Republican Conference 1987–1989	Succeeded by Jerry Lewis
Preceded by Trent Lott	House Republican Whip 1989	Succeeded by Newt Gingrich
Preceded by Jack Kemp	Republican Party Vice Presidential candidate 2000, 2004	Succeeded by Most recent
Order of precedence
Preceded by None President George W. Bush	United States Presidential Line of Succession 1st in line	Succeeded by Nancy Pelosi Speaker of the House
Preceded by Laura Bush First Lady	United States order of precedence as of 2006	Succeeded by Lynne Cheney Second Lady

Persondata
NAME	Cheney, Dick
ALTERNATIVE NAMES	Cheney, Richard Bruce "Dick" (full name)
SHORT DESCRIPTION	Vice President of the United States
DATE OF BIRTH	30 January 1941
PLACE OF BIRTH	Lincoln, Nebraska, U.S.
DATE OF DEATH
PLACE OF DEATH

The Biographical Directory of the United States Congress is a Biographical dictionary of all present and former members of the United States Congress as Events 869 - The Fourth Council of Constantinople is convened to decide about what to do about Patriarch Photius of Constantinople "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " Donald Henry Rumsfeld (born July 9 1932 is a United States Businessman, Politician, the 13th Secretary of Defense under President The White House Chief of Staff is the highest-ranking member of the Executive Office of the President of the United States and a senior aide to the President William Hamilton McWhorter Jordan ( September 21 1944 &ndash May 20 2008) was Chief of Staff to President of the United States Frank Charles Carlucci III (born October 18 1930) is a former government official in the United States, associated with the Republican Party The United States Secretary of Defense ( SECDEF) is the head of the U George Herbert Walker Bush (born June 12 1924 served as the forty-first President of the United States from 1989 to 1993 Leslie "Les" Aspin Jr ( July 21, 1938 — May 21, 1995) was a United States Representative from 1971 to 1993 and Albert Arnold Gore Jr (born March 31 1948 is an American environmental Activist, author Businessperson, former Politician, and former The Vice President of the United States is the first person in the presidential line of succession, becoming the new President of the United States upon the death Events 250 - Emperor Decius begins a widespread persecution of Christians in Rome. Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. Acting President of the United States is a reference to a person who is legitimately exercising the Presidential powers even though that person does not hold the office of the President Events 512 - A Solar eclipse is recorded by a monastic chronicler in Ireland. See also 2002 (disambiguation Year 2002 ( MMII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 356 BC - Herostratus sets fire to the Temple of Artemis in Ephesus, one of the Seven Wonders of the World Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. The United States House of Representatives is one of the two chambers of the United States Congress; the other is the Senate. Teno Roncalio ( March 23, 1916 - March 30, 2003) was a Democratic politician These are tables of members from Wyoming of the United States Senate and United States House of Representatives. All of the US state of Wyoming is fully within one at large Congressional District making it the third largest district geographically in the nation Craig Lyle Thomas ( February 17, 1933 – June 4, 2007) was an American politician who served over twelve years as a Republican Jack French Kemp Jr (born July 13 1935 is an American politician and former professional American football player This is a list of Republican Conference Chairmen of the United States House of Representatives. Charles Jeremy Lewis (born October 21 1934) an American politician has been a Republican member of the United States House of Representatives Chester Trent Lott Sr (born October 9, 1941) is a former United States Senator from Mississippi and a member of the Republican Party A whip in the United States House of Representatives is a member of the party leadership who comes second in line after the party's Floor leader, which Newton "Newt" Leroy Gingrich, (born Newton Leroy McPherson on June 17, 1943) is an American politician and author who served as the Speaker Jack French Kemp Jr (born July 13 1935 is an American politician and former professional American football player This is a list of the candidates for the offices of President of the United States and Vice President of the United States of the Republican Party of the The United States presidential election of 2000 was a contest between Democratic candidate Al Gore, then Vice President, and Republican The United States presidential election of 2004 was held on Tuesday November 2, 2004, to elect the President of the United States. The President of the United States is the Head of state and Head of government of the United States and is the highest political official in United States by George Walker Bush ( born July 6 1946 is the forty-third and current President of the United States. The presidential line of succession defines who may become or act as President of the United States upon the incapacity death resignation or removal from office (by Impeachment Nancy Patricia D'Alesandro Pelosi (born March 26 1940 is the current Speaker of the United States House of Representatives. Laura Lane Welch Bush (born November 4 1946 is the wife of the forty-third and current President of the United States, George W The United States Order of precedence is a nominal and symbolic hierarchy of important positions within the government of the United States. Lynne Ann Vincent Cheney (born August 14, 1941) is the current Second Lady of the United States, the wife of United States Vice President The Vice President of the United States is the first person in the presidential line of succession, becoming the new President of the United States upon the death Events 1648 - Eighty Years' War: The Treaty of Münster is signed ending the conflict between the Netherlands and Spain Year 1941 ( MCMXLI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (the link will display 1941 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The City of Lincoln ( Umóⁿhoⁿ: Nískithe Tʰóⁿwoⁿgthoⁿ ˈnĩskiˡðe ˌtʰãwãŋgˡðã meaning "Salt Village" for Salt Creek which was the Nebraska ( is a state located on the Great Plains of the Midwestern United States and The United States of America —commonly referred to as the

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