Dichloromethane
IUPAC name	Dichloromethane
Other names	Methylene chloride, methylene dichloride, Solmethine, Narkotil, Solaesthin, Di-clo, Freon 30, R-30, DCM, UN 1593, MDC
Identifiers
CAS number	[75-09-2]
PubChem	6344
EINECS number	200-838-9
KEGG	C02271
ChEBI	15767
RTECS number	PA8050000
SMILES	C(Cl)Cl
InChI	1/CH2Cl2/c2-1-3/h1H2
Properties
Molecular formula	CH2Cl2
Molar mass	84. IUPAC Nomenclature is a system of naming Chemical compounds and of describing the science of Chemistry in general CAS registry numbers are unique numerical identifiers for Chemical compounds Polymers biological sequences mixtures and Alloys They are also referred to PubChem is a Database of chemical Molecules The system is maintained by the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI a component The EINECS number (for European Inventory of Existing Chemical Substances) is a registry number given to each Chemical substance commercially available in the KEGG ( Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) is a collection of Online databases dealing with Genomes Enzymatic pathways and biological chemicals ChEBI (meaning "Chemical Entities of Biological Interest" or "Chemistry at the EBI " is a database of molecular entities focused on 'small' chemical Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances ( RTECS) is a Database of Toxicity information compiled from the open scientific literature without reference The IUPAC International Chemical Identifier ( InChI, pronounced "INchee" is a textual Identifier for Chemical substances designed to provide a A chemical formula is a way of expressing information about the Atoms that constitute a particular Chemical compound, and how the relationship between those atoms changes Molar mass, symbol M, is the Mass of one mole of a substance ( Chemical element or Chemical compound) 93 g/mol
Appearance	Colorless liquid
Density	1. The density of a material is defined as its Mass per unit Volume: \rho = \frac{m}{V} Different materials usually have different 3255 g/cm³, liquid
Melting point	-96. The melting point of a solid is the temperature range at which it changes state from solid to Liquid. 7 °C (175. 7 K)
Boiling point	39 °C (312. The boiling point of a liquid is the temperature at which the Vapor pressure of the liquid equals the environmental pressure surrounding the liquid 8 K)
Solubility in water	13 g/l at 20 °C
Vapor pressure	47 kPa at 20 ºC
Hazards
MSDS	External MSDS
Main hazards	Harmful (Xn), Carc. Cat. 2B
NFPA 704	0 2 0
R-phrases	R40
S-phrases	S23, S24/25, S36/37
Flash point	None
Supplementary data page
Structure and properties	n, εr, etc. Solubility is the characteristic Physical property referring to the ability of a given substance the Solute, to dissolve in a Solvent. Water is a common Chemical substance that is essential for the survival of all known forms of Life. Vapor pressure (also known as equilibrium vapor pressure or saturation vapor pressure) is the Pressure of a Vapor in equilibrium A material safety data sheet ( MSDS) is a form containing data regarding the properties of a particular substance Please find below supplementary chemical data about Dichloromethane. Occupational safety and health is a cross-disciplinary area concerned with protecting the Safety, Health and welfare of people engaged in The term carcinogen refers to any substance Radionuclide or radiation that is an agent directly involved in the promotion of Cancer or in the fatation of its propagation Symbolism The four divisions are typically color-coded with blue indicating level of Health Hazard, red indicating R-phrases (short for Risk Phrases) are defined in Annex III of European Union Directive 67/548/EEC: Nature of special risks attributed to dangerous R-phrases (short for Risk Phrases) are defined in Annex III of European Union Directive 67/548/EEC: Nature of special risks attributed to dangerous S-phrases are defined in Annex IV of European Union Directive 67/548/EEC: Safety advice concerning dangerous substances and preparations. S-phrases are defined in Annex IV of European Union Directive 67/548/EEC: Safety advice concerning dangerous substances and preparations. S-phrases are defined in Annex IV of European Union Directive 67/548/EEC: Safety advice concerning dangerous substances and preparations. S-phrases are defined in Annex IV of European Union Directive 67/548/EEC: Safety advice concerning dangerous substances and preparations. The flash point of a flammable liquid is the lowest Temperature at which it can form an ignitable mixture in air Please find below supplementary chemical data about Dichloromethane. Please find below supplementary chemical data about Dichloromethane. The refractive index (or index of Refraction) of a medium is a measure for how much the speed of light (or other waves such as sound waves is reduced inside the medium Measurement The relative static permittivity εr can be measured for static Electric fields as follows first the Capacitance of a test
Thermodynamic data	Phase behaviour Solid, liquid, gas
Spectral data	UV, IR, NMR, MS
Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa) Infobox disclaimer and references

Near IR absorption spectrum of dichloromethane showing complicated overlapping overtones of mid IR absorption features. Please find below supplementary chemical data about Dichloromethane. Please find below supplementary chemical data about Dichloromethane. Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy or ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry ( UV/ VIS) involves the Spectroscopy of Photons in the UV-visible Infrared spectroscopy (IR spectroscopy is the subset of Spectroscopy that deals with the Infrared region of the Electromagnetic spectrum. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, most commonly known as NMR spectroscopy, is the name given to a technique which exploits the magnetic properties of certain nuclei Mass spectrometry is an analytical technique that identifies the chemical composition of a compound or sample based on the Mass-to-charge ratio of charged particles In Chemistry, the standard state of a material is its state at 1 bar (100 Kilopascals exactly Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS is a Spectroscopic method utilising the near Infrared region of the Electromagnetic spectrum (from about 800 nm to 2500 An overtone is a natural resonance or vibration frequency of a system

Dichloromethane (DCM) or methylene chloride is the chemical compound with the formula CH₂Cl₂. A chemical compound is a substance consisting of two or more different elements chemically bonded together in a fixed proportion by Mass. A chemical formula is a way of expressing information about the Atoms that constitute a particular Chemical compound, and how the relationship between those atoms changes It is a colorless, volatile liquid with a moderately sweet aroma. It is widely used as a solvent, the general view being that it is one of the less harmful of the chlorocarbons, and it is miscible with most organic solvents. A solvent is a liquid or gas that dissolves a solid liquid or gaseous Solute, resulting in a Solution. Applications The simplest form of organochlorides are chlorinated Hydrocarbons These consist of simple Hydrocarbons in which one or more hydrogen atoms have Miscibility is a term commonly used in Chemistry that refers to the property of Liquids to mix in all proportions forming a Homogeneous Solution

Dichloromethane was first prepared in 1840 by the French chemist Henri Victor Regnault, who isolated it from a mixture of chloromethane and chlorine that had been exposed to sunlight. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. A chemist is a Scientist trained in the Science of Chemistry. Henri Victor Regnault ( July 21, 1810 – January 19, 1878) was a French chemist and physicist best known for his careful measurements Chloromethane, also called Methyl chloride, R-40 or HCC 40 is a Chemical compound of the group of Organic compounds called Haloalkanes. Chlorine (ˈklɔriːn from the Greek word 'χλωρóς' ( khlôros, meaning 'pale green' is the Chemical element with Atomic number 17 and Sunlight, in the broad sense is the total spectrum of the Electromagnetic radiation given off by the Sun.

Production

Industrially, dichloromethane is produced by reacting either methyl chloride or methane with chlorine gas at 400–500 °C. A chemical reaction is a process that always results in the interconversion of Chemical substances The substance or substances initially involved in a chemical reaction are called At these temperatures, both methane and methyl chloride undergo a series of reactions producing progressively more chlorinated products.

CH₄ + Cl₂ → CH₃Cl + HCl

CH₃Cl + Cl₂ → CH₂Cl₂ + HCl

CH₂Cl₂ + Cl₂ → CHCl₃ + HCl

CHCl₃ + Cl₂ → CCl₄ + HCl

The output of these processes is a mixture of methyl chloride, dichloromethane, chloroform, and carbon tetrachloride. Methane is a Chemical compound with the molecular formula. It is the simplest Alkane, and the principal component of Natural gas. Chlorine (ˈklɔriːn from the Greek word 'χλωρóς' ( khlôros, meaning 'pale green' is the Chemical element with Atomic number 17 and Chloromethane, also called Methyl chloride, R-40 or HCC 40 is a Chemical compound of the group of Organic compounds called Haloalkanes. Hydrochloric acid is the Solution of Hydrogen chloride ( H[[Chlorine Cl]] in water Chloroform, also known as trichloromethane and methyl trichloride, is a Chemical compound with formula C[[Hydrogen H]] Cl Carbon tetrachloride, also known by many other names (see Table is the Organic compound with the formula CCl4 Chloromethane, also called Methyl chloride, R-40 or HCC 40 is a Chemical compound of the group of Organic compounds called Haloalkanes. Chloroform, also known as trichloromethane and methyl trichloride, is a Chemical compound with formula C[[Hydrogen H]] Cl Carbon tetrachloride, also known by many other names (see Table is the Organic compound with the formula CCl4 These compounds are separated by distillation. Distillation is a method of separating Mixtures based on differences in their volatilities in a boiling liquid mixture

Uses

Dichloromethane's volatility and ability to dissolve a wide range of organic compounds makes it an ideal solvent for many chemical processes. It is widely used as a paint stripper and a degreaser. Paint stripper, or paint remover, is the generic name given to Solvent mixtures designed to remove Paint and other finishes and also to clean the underlying Parts cleaning is essential to many industrial processes as a prelude to Surface finishing or to protect sensitive components In the food industry, it is still used to decaffeinate coffee and to prepare extracts of hops and other flavorings, . The food industry is the complex global collective of diverse Businesses that together supply much of the Food energy consumed by the World population. Decaffeination is the act of removing Caffeine from coffee beans, mate, Cocoa, Tea leaves and other caffeine-containing materials CoFFEE is an Open source Software for computer supported collaborative learning (CSCL in a digital classroom Hops are the female Flower cones of the hop plant ( Humulus lupulus) Alternate meanings Seasoning (cast iron; Seasoning (wood; Seasoning (slave Seasoning is the process of imparting or improving ^[1]. It is used to chemically weld certain plastics (for example, it is used to seal the casing of electric meters). Its volatility has led to its use as an aerosol spray propellant and as a blowing agent for polyurethane foams. Aerosol spray is a type of dispensing system which creates an aerosol mist of liquid particles A foaming agent is a surfactant which when present in small amounts facilitates the formation of a Foam, or enhances its colloidal stability by inhibiting the coalescence of A polyurethane, commonly abbreviated PU, is any Polymer consisting of a chain of organic units joined by urethane links The most general definition of foam is a substance that is formed by trapping many gas Bubbles in a Liquid or Solid. It is also used as a fumigant pesticide for stored strawberries and grains. Fumigation is a method of Pest control that completely fills an area with gaseous Pesticides to suffocate or poison the pests within A pesticide is a substance or mixture of substances used to kill a pest. Garden strawberries are a common variety of strawberry cultivated worldwide It is also the most common "active" component in Drinking Birds. Drinking birds are thermodynamically powered Toy Heat engines that mimic the motions of a bird drinking from a fountain or other water source Concerns about its health effects have led to a search for alternatives in many of these applications.

It is used in Christmas lights called bubble lights, in a sealed vial which bubbles when the incandescent light bulb below it is lit. Christmas lights (also sometimes called fairy lights, twinkle lights or holiday lights in the United States are strands of Electric lights used A bubble light is a decorative device consisting of a liquid-filled vial that is heated and lighted by an Incandescent light bulb. A vial (also phial) is a relatively small Glass vessel or Bottle, especially used to store Medication as liquids powders or in other forms like Incandescence is the emission of Light (visible Electromagnetic radiation) from a hot body due to its temperature The incandescent light bulb, incandescent lamp or incandescent light globe is a source of electric Light that works by Incandescence, (a general Wurlitzer also used it in their 1940's "bubbler" style jukeboxes. The Rudolph Wurlitzer Company, usually referred to simply as Wurlitzer, is an American company formerly a producer of stringed instruments woodwind brass instruments jukebox is a partially automated music-playing device usually a Coin -operated machine that can play specially selected songs from self-contained media The bubble tubes were up to 30 inches long and used resistors to provide the heat to boil the liquid in a small constricted chamber that had bits of rock and a special glass valve to concentrate the small bubbles into larger ones. It is still used today in their reproduction machines.

Often sold under the brand name of "EMA Plastic Weld" it is also used extensively in the modelmaking industry for joining plastic components together - it is commonly referred to as "Di-clo".

Toxicity

Dichloromethane is the least toxic of the simple chlorohydrocarbons, but it is not without its health risks as its high volatility makes it an acute inhalation hazard. Toxicity is the degree to which a substance is able to damage an exposed organism Volatility in the context of Chemistry, Physics and Thermodynamics is a measure of the tendency of a substance to Vaporize. Dichloromethane is also metabolised by the body to carbon monoxide potentially leading to carbon monoxide poisoning. Carbon monoxide, with the chemical formula CO is a colorless odorless tasteless yet highly toxic Gas. Carbon monoxide poisoning occurs after the inhalation of Carbon monoxide gas ^[2] Prolonged skin contact can result in the dichloromethane dissolving some of the fatty tissues in skin, resulting in skin irritation or chemical burns. ^[3]

It may be carcinogenic, as it has been linked to cancer of the lungs, liver, and pancreas in laboratory animals. The term carcinogen refers to any substance Radionuclide or radiation that is an agent directly involved in the promotion of Cancer or in the fatation of its propagation Cancer (medical term Malignant Neoplasm) is a class of Diseases in which a group of cells display uncontrolled lung is the essential Respiration organ in air-breathing Animals including most Tetrapods a few Fish and a few Snails The most primitive The liver is a vital organ in the human body and is present in Vertebrates and some other animals The pancreas is a Gland organ in the digestive and Endocrine system of Vertebrates. ^[4] Dichloromethane crosses the placenta. Fetal toxicity in women who are exposed to it during pregnancy however has not been proven. A fetus (or foetus or fœtus) is a developing Mammal or other Viviparous Vertebrate, after the Embryonic stage and Pregnancy ( Latin graviditas) is the carrying of one or more offspring known as a Fetus or Embryo, inside the Uterus of a Female ^[5] In animal experiments it was fetotoxic at doses that were maternally toxic but no teratogenic effects were seen. Teratology stems from the Greek ( Genitive) meaning monster, or marvel and, meaning word, speech. ^[4]

In many countries products containing dichloromethane must carry labels warning of its health risks.

See also

• Haloalkane
• Halomethane

References

External links

• International Chemical Safety Card 0058
• NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards 0414
• National Pollutant Inventory - Dichloromethane Fact Sheet
• MSDS at Oxford University
• Dichloromethane at National Toxicology Program
• IARC Summaries & Evaluations Vol. 71 (1999)