Dexmedetomidine
Systematic (IUPAC) name
4-[1-(2,3-dimethylphenyl)ethyl]-3H-imidazole
Identifiers
CAS number	113775-47-6
ATC code	N05CM18
PubChem	68602
DrugBank	APRD00578
Chemical data
Formula	C13H16N2
Mol. mass	200. IUPAC Nomenclature is a system of naming Chemical compounds and of describing the science of Chemistry in general CAS registry numbers are unique numerical identifiers for Chemical compounds Polymers biological sequences mixtures and Alloys They are also referred to The Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System is used for the classification of drugs It is controlled by the WHO Collaborating Centre for Drug A section of the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System. PubChem is a Database of chemical Molecules The system is maintained by the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI a component The DrugBank database available at the University of Alberta is a unique Bioinformatics and Cheminformatics resource that combines detailed drug (i A chemical formula is a way of expressing information about the Atoms that constitute a particular Chemical compound, and how the relationship between those atoms changes Carbon (kɑɹbən is a Chemical element with the symbol C and its Atomic number is 6 Hydrogen (ˈhaɪdrədʒən is the Chemical element with Atomic number 1 Nitrogen (ˈnaɪtɹəʤɪn is a Chemical element that has the symbol N and Atomic number 7 and Atomic weight 14 The molecular mass (abbreviated m of a substance, more commonly referred to as molecular weight and abbreviated as MW, is the Mass of one 28 g/mol
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability	?
Protein binding	94%
Metabolism	?
Half life	2 hours
Excretion	?
Therapeutic considerations
Pregnancy cat.	?
Legal status
Routes	?

Dexmedetomidine is a sedative medication used by intensive care units and anesthesiologists. In Pharmacology, bioavailability is used to describe the fraction of an administered Dose of unchanged drug that reaches the Systemic circulation, one of A drug's efficiency may be affected by the degree to which it binds to the proteins within Blood plasma. Drug metabolism is the Metabolism of drugs, their Biochemical modification or degradation usually through specialized enzymatic systems The biological half-life of a substance is the time it takes for a substance (drug radioactive nuclide or other to lose half of its pharmacologic physiologic or radiologic activity Excretion is the process of eliminating waste products of Metabolism and other non-useful materials The pregnancy category of a pharmaceutical agent is an assessment of the risk of fetal injury due to the pharmaceutical if it is used as directed by the mother during The regulation of therapeutic goods, that is drugs and therapeutic devices, varies by jurisdiction In Pharmacology and Toxicology, a route A sedative, or more specifically a sedative-hypnotic, is a substance that depresses the Central nervous system (CNS resulting in calmness relaxation sleepiness It is relatively unique in its ability to provide sedation without causing respiratory depression. In Medicine, hypoventilation (also known as respiratory depression) occurs when ventilation is inadequate ( hypo means "below" to perform needed Like clonidine, its mechanism of action is agonism of alpha-2 receptors in certain parts of the brain. Clonidine is a direct-acting α2 Adrenergic agonist prescribed historically as an Antihypertensive agent ^[1]

Dexmedetomidine has sedative, analgesic, sympatholytic, and anxiolytic effects that blunt many of the cardiovascular responses in the perioperative period. It reduces the volatile anesthetic, sedative and analgesic requirements of the patient without causing significant respiratory depression. ^[2]

Recent research has suggested dexmedetomidine to be an effective treatment for the dangerous cardiovascular symptoms of cocaine intoxication and overdose. Cocaine ( benzoylmethyl ecgonine) is a Crystalline Tropane Alkaloid that is obtained from the leaves of the Coca plant The term drug overdose (or simply overdose or OD) describes the Ingestion or application of a Drug or other substance in quantities ^[3] It also seemed to be superior to lorazepam for ventilated patients in the intensive care unit. In Medicine, mechanical ventilation is a method to mechanically assist or replace spontaneous breathing when patients cannot do so on their own An intensive care unit (ICU critical care unit (CCU intensive therapy unit or intensive treatment unit (ITU is a specialized department used in ^[4]

References

1. ^ Cormack JR, Orme RM, Costello TG. The role of alpha2-agonists in neurosurgery. Journal of Clinical Neuroscience. 2005 May;12(4):375-8.
2. ^ Paris A, Tonner PH. Dexmedetomidine in anaesthesia. Current Opinion in Anaesthesiology. 2005 Aug;18(4):412-8.
3. ^ Menon DV, Wang Z, Fadel PJ, Arbique D, Leonard D, Li JL, Victor RG, Vongpatanasin W. "Central sympatholysis as a novel countermeasure for cocaine-induced sympathetic activation and vasoconstriction in humans". J Am Coll Cardiol 2007; 50(7): 626-33. PMID 17692748
4. ^ Pandharipande PP, Pun BT, Herr DL, et. al. "Effect of sedation with dexmedetomidine vs lorazepam on acute brain dysfunction in mechanically ventilated patients: the MENDS randomized controlled trial. " JAMA 2007; 298(22): 2644-53. PMID 18073360