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Detomidine
Systematic (IUPAC) name
4-[(2,3-dimethylphenyl)methyl]-3H-imidazole
Identifiers
CAS number  ?
ATC code  ?
PubChem 56032
Chemical data
Formula C12H14N2 
Mol. mass 186. IUPAC Nomenclature is a system of naming Chemical compounds and of describing the science of Chemistry in general CAS registry numbers are unique numerical identifiers for Chemical compounds Polymers biological sequences mixtures and Alloys They are also referred to The Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System is used for the classification of drugs It is controlled by the WHO Collaborating Centre for Drug PubChem is a Database of chemical Molecules The system is maintained by the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI a component A chemical formula is a way of expressing information about the Atoms that constitute a particular Chemical compound, and how the relationship between those atoms changes Carbon (kɑɹbən is a Chemical element with the symbol C and its Atomic number is 6 Hydrogen (ˈhaɪdrədʒən is the Chemical element with Atomic number 1 Nitrogen (ˈnaɪtɹəʤɪn is a Chemical element that has the symbol N and Atomic number 7 and Atomic weight 14 The molecular mass (abbreviated m of a substance, more commonly referred to as molecular weight and abbreviated as MW, is the Mass of one 253 g/mol
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability  ?
Metabolism  ?
Half life  ?
Excretion  ?
Therapeutic considerations
Pregnancy cat.

?
Legal status
Routes  ?

Detomidine is an imidazole derivative and alpha2-adrenergic agonist, used as a large animal sedative,primarily used in horses. In Pharmacology, bioavailability is used to describe the fraction of an administered Dose of unchanged drug that reaches the Systemic circulation, one of Drug metabolism is the Metabolism of drugs, their Biochemical modification or degradation usually through specialized enzymatic systems The biological half-life of a substance is the time it takes for a substance (drug radioactive nuclide or other to lose half of its pharmacologic physiologic or radiologic activity Excretion is the process of eliminating waste products of Metabolism and other non-useful materials The pregnancy category of a pharmaceutical agent is an assessment of the risk of fetal injury due to the pharmaceutical if it is used as directed by the mother during The regulation of therapeutic goods, that is drugs and therapeutic devices, varies by jurisdiction In Pharmacology and Toxicology, a route Imidazole is a Organic compound with the formula HC3H3N2 This Aromatic Heterocyclic is classified as an Alkaloid An agonist is a term used to describe a type of ligand or drug that binds and alters the activity of a receptor. A sedative, or more specifically a sedative-hypnotic, is a substance that depresses the Central nervous system (CNS resulting in calmness relaxation sleepiness The horse ( Equus caballus) is a hoofed ( Ungulate) Mammal, one of eight living species of the family Equidae. Usually available as detomidine hydrochloride. This is a prescription medication available to veterinarians sold inder the trade name Domosedan. A prescription drug is a licensed medicine that is regulated by legislation to require a prescription before it can be obtained

Contents

Properties

Detomidine is a sedative with analgesic properties. Alpha2-adrenergic agonists produce dose-dependent sedative and analgesic effects, mediatated by activation of alpha-2 catecholamine receptors, thus inducing a negative feedback response, reducing production of excitatory neurotransmitters. Negative Feedback feeds part of a System 's output inverted into the system's input generally with the result that fluctuations are attenuated Due to inhibition of the sympathetic nervous system, detomidine also has cardiac and respiratory effects and an antidiuretic action. The Sympathetic Nervous System ( SNS) is a branch of the Autonomic nervous system along with the Enteric nervous system and Parasympathetic nervous An antidiuretic is an Agent or Drug that administered to an Organism, helps control body water balance through its effects on the urine output and kidneys

Effects

A profound lethargy and characteristic lowering of the head with reduced sensitivity to environmental stimuli (sounds, etc. ) are seen with detomidine. A short period of in-coordination is characteristically followed by immobility and a firm stance with front legs spread. Following administration there is an initial increase in blood pressure, followed by bradycardia and second degree atrioventricular block (this is not pathologic in horses). Bradycardia, as applied to adult medicine is defined as a resting Heart rate of under 60 beats per minute though it is seldom symptomatic until the rate drops below 50 beat/min An atrioventricular block (or AV block) is a type of Heart block involving impairment of the conduction between the atria and ventricles of the heart The horse commonly sweats to excess, especially on the flanks and neck. Other side effects reported include pilo erection (hair standing erect), ataxia, salivation, slight muscle tremors, and (rarely) penile prolapse. Ataxia (from Greek α- as a negative prefix + -τάξις, meaning "lack of order" is a neurological sign and symptom consisting For the band see Saliva (band; for the village in Azerbaijan see Səliva.

Uses

Sedation and anaesthetic premedication in horses and other large animals, commonly combined with butorphanol for increased analgesia and depth of sedation. Premedication refer to a drug treatment given to a patient before a (surgical or invasive medical procedure Butorphanol ( INN) is a Morphinan -type synthetic Opioid Analgesic. In conjunction with ketamine it may also be used for intravenous anaesthesia of short duration. Ketamine is a drug for use in human and veterinary medicine developed by Parke-Davis (today a part of Pfizer) in 1962 Anesthesia, or anaesthesia (see spelling differences; from Greek grc αν- an-, "without" and grc αἲσθησις Detomidine is only licenced for use in horses at the present time. The drug is normally administered by the intravenous route, and is fastest and most efficient when given i/v (usually 2-5 minutes to take effect, although this is highly dependent upon the individual and the environment. Intravenous therapy or IV therapy is the giving of Liquid substances directly into a Vein. Some horses are highly resistant to sedation!). However, in recalcitrant animals, detomidine may be administered by the intramuscular or sublingual routes. Intramuscular injection is the injection of a substance directly into a Muscle. The dose range advised by the manufacturers is 20-40 mcg/kg i/v for moderate sedation. This dose may need to be higher if given i/m.

Cautions

As detomidine is an arrhythmogenic agent, extreme care should be exercised in horses with cardiac disease, and in the concurrent administration of other arrhythmogenics. Dysrhythmia redirects here For the American band see Dysrhythmia (band. The concurrent use of potentiated sulfonamide antibiotics is considered particularly dangerous. In modern usage an antibiotic is a Chemotherapeutic agent with activity against Microorganisms such as Bacteria, fungi or Protozoa

References

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