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Detective fiction is a branch of crime fiction that centers upon the investigation of a crime, usually murder, by a detective, either professional or amateur. Crime fiction is the Genre of Fiction that deals with Crimes their detection criminals and their motives It is usually distinguished from Murder is the unlawful killing of another human person with Malice aforethought, as defined in Common Law countries Detective fiction is the most popular form of both mystery fiction and hardboiled crime fiction. Hardboiled Crime fiction is a literary style pioneered by Carroll John Daly in the mid-1920s popularized by Dashiell Hammett over the course of the

Commonly in detective fiction, the investigator has some source of income other than detective work and some undesirable eccentricities or striking characteristics. He or she frequently has a less able assistant (or foil) who acts as an audience surrogate for the explanation of the mystery at the end of the story. A foil is a character that contrasts with another character usually the protagonist and so highlights various facets of the main character's personality In the study of Literature, an audience surrogate is a character with whom the audience can identify or who expresses the questions and confusion of the audience

Contents

Beginnings of detective fiction

Daguerreotype of Edgar Allan Poe
Daguerreotype of Edgar Allan Poe

One of the earliest examples of detective fiction is Voltaire's Zadig (1748), which features a main character who performs feats of analysis. The daguerreotype (original French daguerréotype) is an early type of Photograph, developed by Louis Daguerre, in which the image is exposed directly François-Marie Arouet ( 21 November 1694 30 May 1778) better known by the Pen name Voltaire, was a French Zadig ou La Destinée, (" Zadig or The Book of Fate " ( 1747) is a famous Novel written by Enlightenment philosopher Voltaire [1] The Norwegian crime novel, "Mordet på Maskinbygger Rolfsen" ("The Murder of Engine Maker Rolfsen"), by Maurits Hansen was published in 1839. Maurits Christopher Hansen ( 5 July 1794 - 16 March 1842) was a Norwegian Writer recognized for his contribution to [2]

However, detective fiction is widely considered to have begun in 1841 with the publication of "The Murders in the Rue Morgue", a short story by Edgar Allan Poe[1] featuring "the first fictional detective, the eccentric and brilliant C. Auguste Dupin". " The Murders in the Rue Morgue " is a Short story by Edgar Allan Poe published in Graham's Magazine in 1841 Edgar Allan Poe (January 19 1809 – October 7 1849 was an American poet, short-story Writer, editor and Literary critic, C Auguste Dupin is a fictional Detective created by Edgar Allan Poe. Poe set up a plot formula that's been successful ever since, give or take a few shifting variables. "[3] Poe followed with further Auguste Dupin tales: "The Mystery of Marie Roget" in 1843, and "The Purloined Letter" in 1844. " The Purloined Letter " is one of Edgar Allan Poe 's detective stories. Poe referred to his stories as "tales of ratiocination". [1] In stories such as these, the primary concern of the plot is ascertaining truth, and the usual means of obtaining the truth is through a complex and mysterious process combining intuitive logic, astute observation, and perspicacious inference. "Early detective stories tended to follow an investigating protagonist from the first scene to the last, making the unraveling a practical rather than emotional matter. "[3]

"The Mystery of Marie Roget" is particularly interesting because it is a barely fictionalized account based on Poe's theory of what happened to the real-life Mary Cecilia Rogers. Mary Cecilia Rogers, also known as the "Beautiful Cigar Girl" was a 19th-century murder victim whose story became a national sensation The style of the analysis, with its attention to forensic detail, makes it a precursor and perhaps inspiration for the stories about the most famous of all fictional detectives, Arthur Conan Doyle's Sherlock Holmes. Forensic pathology is a branch of Pathology concerned with determining the Cause of death by examination of a cadaver Sir Arthur Ignatius Conan Doyle, DL (22 May 1859 – 7 July 1930 was an Anglo-Scottish Author most noted for his stories about the Sherlock Holmes is a famous fictional detective of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries who first appeared in Publication in 1887 [4] Indeed Holmes mentions the Poe story in the first Conan Doyle novel.

Another early example of a whodunit is a sub-plot in the vast novel Bleak House (1853) by Charles Dickens. Bleak House is the ninth Novel by Charles Dickens, published in twenty monthly installments between March 1852 and September 1853 A conniving lawyer Tulkinghorn is killed in his office late one night, and the crime is investigated by Inspector Bucket of the Metropolitan police force. Numerous characters appeared on the staircase leading to Tulkinghorn's office that night, some of them in disguise, and Inspector Bucket must penetrate these mysteries to identify the murderer.

Dickens's protégé, Wilkie Collins (1824-1889) — sometimes referred to as the "grandfather of English detective fiction" — is credited with the first great mystery novel, The Woman in White. William Wilkie Collins ( 8 January 1824 &ndash 23 September 1889) was an English Novelist, Playwright, and The Woman in White is an Epistolary novel written by Wilkie Collins in 1859, serialized in 1859-1860 and first published in book His novel The Moonstone (1868) was described by T. S. Eliot as "the first and greatest of English detective novels" and by Dorothy L. Sayers as "probably the very finest detective story ever written". The Moonstone (1868 by Wilkie Collins is a 19th-century, British, Epistolary novel, generally considered the first Thomas Stearns Eliot, OM (September 26 1888 – January 4 1965 was a poet Dramatist, and Literary critic. Dorothy Leigh Sayers ( IPA: usually pronounced /ˈseɪɜrz/ although Sayers herself preferred /ˈsɛːz/ and encouraged the use of her middle initial to facilitate this Although technically preceded by Charles Felix's The Notting Hill Mystery (1865), The Moonstone can claim to have established the genre with several classic features of the twentieth-century detective story:

Some readers have suggested much earlier prototypes for the whodunnit, most notably the Old Testament story of Susanna and the Elders (Daniel 13; in the Protestant Bible this story is found in the apocrypha); "Oedipus Rex", Sophocles' dramatic masterpiece, in which the young Oedipus tries to find out what happened to his murdered father and to his mother; the story of the dog and the horse related in the third chapter of Voltaire's Zadig (1747). The Notting Hill Mystery is a mystery novel written under the pseudonym of Charles Felix published in 1863 Inside Job is the fourth studio Album by Don Henley, released in 2000. The locked room mystery is a sub-genre of Detective fiction wherein a crime such as murder is committed under apparently impossible circumstances—typically involving a crime Susanna or Shoshana ( "lily" is one of the Additions to Daniel, considered Apocryphal by Protestants, but included in the Book Protestantism refers to the forms of Christian faith and practice that originated in the 16th century Protestant Reformation. Etymology According to the Online Etymology Dictionary, the word bible is from Latin biblia, traced from the same word through Medieval Latin and Late Latin François-Marie Arouet ( 21 November 1694 30 May 1778) better known by the Pen name Voltaire, was a French Zadig ou La Destinée, (" Zadig or The Book of Fate " ( 1747) is a famous Novel written by Enlightenment philosopher Voltaire

Ancient Chinese detective fiction

Another strand of detective fiction is the ancient Chinese detective fiction such as Bao Gong An (Chinese:包公案) and the 18th century novel Di Gong An (Chinese:狄公案). Bao Gong An ( or Cases by Judge Bao Zheng) is an ancient Chinese mystery novel written by Ming Dynasty 's An Yushi (安遇时 Celebrated Cases of Judge Dee ( Chinese:狄公案 Pinyin: dí gōng àn, lit The latter was translated into English as Dee Goong An (Celebrated Cases of Judge Dee) by Dutch sinologist Robert Van Gulik, who then used the style and characters to write an original Judge Dee series. Celebrated Cases of Judge Dee ( Chinese:狄公案 Pinyin: dí gōng àn, lit Robert Hans van Gulik (髙羅佩 ( August 9, 1910, Zutphen - September 24, 1967, The Hague) was a highly educated Judge Dee (also Judge Di) is the titular protagonist of Robert van Gulik 's series of Detective novels The series is set in Ancient China and

The hero of these novels is typically a traditional judge or similar official based on historical personages such as Judge Bao (Bao Qingtian) or Judge Dee (Di Renjie). Bao Zheng ( courtesy name Xiren 希仁，posthumous title Xiaosu 孝肅 (999&ndash1062 was a much-praised official who served during the reign of Emperor Renzong of Song Dí Rénjié ( ( 630 - August 15, 700) Courtesy name Huaiying (懷英 formally Duke Wenhui of Liang (梁文惠公 was Although the historical characters may have lived in an earlier period (such as the Song or Tang dynasty) the novels are often set in the later Ming or Manchu period. The Song Dynasty ( Wade-Giles: Sung Ch'ao was a ruling dynasty in China between 960&ndash1279 CE it succeeded the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms The Tang Dynasty ( Middle Chinese: dhɑng (June 18 618&ndashJune 4 907 was an imperial dynasty of China preceded by the Sui Dynasty and followed by The Ming Dynasty ( or Empire of the Great Ming ( was the ruling dynasty of China from 1368 to 1644 following the collapse of the Mongol -led Not to be confused with Qin Dynasty, the first dynasty of Imperial China

These novels differ from the Western tradition in several points as described by van Gulik:

Van Gulik chose Di Gong An to translate because it was in his view closer to the Western tradition and more likely to appeal to non-Chinese readers.

Golden Age detective novels

Many English and some North American readers, in what became known as the Golden Age of Detective Fiction between the wars, generally preferred a type of detective story in which an outsider -- sometimes a salaried investigator or a police officer, but often a gifted amateur -- investigates a murder committed in a closed environment by one of a limited number of suspects. The Golden Age of Detective Fiction was an era of classic murder mystery novels produced by various authors all following similar patterns and style The most widespread subgenre of the detective novel became the whodunit (or whodunnit), where great ingenuity may be exercised in narrating the events of the crime, usually a homicide, and of the subsequent investigation in such a manner as to conceal the identity of the criminal from the reader until the end of the book, when the method and culprit are revealed. A whodunit or whodunnit (for "Who done it?" is a complex plot-driven variety of the detective story in which the puzzle is the main feature of interest List of countries by homicide rate Homicide ( Latin homicidium, homo human being + caedere to cut kill refers to the act of killing another "The golden age of detective fiction began with high-class amateur detectives sniffing out murderers lurking in rose gardens, down country lanes, and in picturesque villages. Many conventions of the detective-fiction genre evolved in this era, as numerous writers -- from populist entertainers to respected poets -- tried their hands at mystery stories. "[3]

The four original Queens of Crime were Agatha Christie, Dorothy L. Sayers, Ngaio Marsh and Margery Allingham. Agatha Mary Clarissa Lady Mallowan, DBE (née Miller; 15 September 1890 &ndash 12 January 1976 commonly known as Agatha Christie, was an English Dorothy Leigh Sayers ( IPA: usually pronounced /ˈseɪɜrz/ although Sayers herself preferred /ˈsɛːz/ and encouraged the use of her middle initial to facilitate this Dame Ngaio Marsh DBE ( April 23, 1895 &ndash February 18, 1982) born Edith Ngaio Marsh was a Crime writer and Margery Louise Allingham ( May 20, 1904 - June 30, 1966) was an English Apart from Ngaio Marsh (New Zealand) they were all female British writers; perhaps Josephine Tey could be added. Josephine Tey was one of many Pseudonyms used by Elizabeth Mackintosh ( July 25 1896 &ndash February 13 1952) a Scottish

The most popular writer of the Golden Age whodunnit, and one of the most popular writers of all time, was Agatha Christie, who produced a long series of books featuring her detectives Hercule Poirot and Miss Marple, amongst others, and usually including a complex puzzle for the baffled and misdirected reader to try and unravel. Agatha Mary Clarissa Lady Mallowan, DBE (née Miller; 15 September 1890 &ndash 12 January 1976 commonly known as Agatha Christie, was an English Jane Marple, usually known as Miss Marple, is a Fictional character appearing in twelve of Agatha Christie Also popular were the stories featuring Dorothy L. Sayers's Lord Peter Wimsey and S. S. Van Dine's Philo Vance. Dorothy Leigh Sayers ( IPA: usually pronounced /ˈseɪɜrz/ although Sayers herself preferred /ˈsɛːz/ and encouraged the use of her middle initial to facilitate this Lord Peter Death Bredon Wimsey, a Fictional character, is a bon vivant sleuth in a series of detective novels and short stories by Dorothy S S Van Dine was the pseudonym of Willard Huntington Wright ( October 15, 1888 - April 11, 1939) a U Philo Vance is a Fictional character who starred in 12 Crime novels written by S

The 'puzzle' approach was carried even further into ingenious and seemingly impossible plots by John Dickson Carr - also writing as Carter Dickson - who is regarded as the master of the "locked room mystery" and Cecil Street, who also wrote as John Rhode, whose detective Dr. John Dickson Carr ( November 30, 1906 &ndash February 27, 1977) was an American Author of Detective stories The locked room mystery is a sub-genre of Detective fiction wherein a crime such as murder is committed under apparently impossible circumstances—typically involving a crime Cecil John Charles Street, MC, OBE, (1884 - January 1965 known as John Street, was a prolific English Writer of Detective novels Priestley specialised in elaborate technical devices, while in the US the whodunnit was adopted and extended by Rex Stout and Ellery Queen, among others. Rex Todhunter Stout ( December 1 1886 - October 27 1975) was an American Crime writer, best known as the creator of Ellery Queen is both a Fictional character and a Pseudonym used by two American cousins from Brooklyn, New York: Daniel (David Nathan The emphasis on formal "rules" during the Golden Age (as codified in 1929 by Ronald Knox) produced a variety of reactions. Msgr Ronald Knox ( February 17[[ 888]]- August 24[[ 957]] was an English theologian, Priest and Crime writer. Most writers were content to follow the rules slavishly, some flouted some or all of the conventions, and some exploited the conventions with genius to produce new and startling results.

The private eye novel

Private eye Martin Hewitt, created by British author Arthur Morrison, is perhaps the first example of the modern style of fictional private detective. Arthur George Morrison ( November 1, 1863 London - December 4, 1945) was an English Author and Journalist A private investigator or private detective (often shortened to PI or private eye) is a person who can be hired by individuals or groups to undertake By the late 1920s, Al Capone and the Mob were inspiring not only fear, but piquing genuine mainstream curiosity about the American underworld. Alphonse Gabriel "Al" Capone (January 17 1899 &ndash January 25 1947 commonly nicknamed Scarface, was an Italian American Gangster who Popular pulp fiction magazines like Black Mask capitalized on this, as authors such as Carrol John Daly published violent stories that focused on the mayhem and injustice surrounding the criminals, not the circumstances behind the crime. Pulp magazines (or pulp fiction; often referred to as "the pulps" were inexpensive Fiction magazines Very often, no actual mystery even existed: the books simply revolved around justice being served to those who deserved harsh treatment, which was described in explicit detail. "[3] In the 1930s, the private eye genre was adopted wholeheartedly by American writers. The tough, stylish detective fiction of Dashiell Hammett, Jonathan Latimer, Erle Stanley Gardner and others explored the "mean streets" and corrupt underbelly of the United States. Samuel Dashiell Hammett ( May 27, 1894 — January 10, 1961) was an American Author of Hardboiled detective Jonathan Wyatt Latimer ( October 23, 1906 &ndash June 23, 1983) was an American Crime writer. Erle Stanley Gardner ( July 17, 1889 Malden Massachusetts – March 11, 1970 Temecula California Their style of crime fiction came to known as "hardboiled," which encompasses stories with similar attitudes concentrating not on detectives but gangsters, crooks, and other committers or victims of crimes. Hardboiled Crime fiction is a literary style pioneered by Carroll John Daly in the mid-1920s popularized by Dashiell Hammett over the course of the "Told in stark and sometimes elegant language through the unemotional eyes of new hero-detectives, these stories were an American phenomenon. "[3]

In the late 1930s, Raymond Chandler updated the form with his private detective Philip Marlowe, who brought a more intimate voice to the detective than Hammett's distant, third-person viewpoint. Raymond Thornton Chandler ( July 23, 1888 &ndash March 26, 1959) was an American Author of crime stories and novels Philip Marlowe is a fictional character created by Raymond Chandler in a series of novels including The Big Sleep and The Long Goodbye His cadenced dialogue and cryptic narrations were musical, evoking the dark alleys and tough thugs, rich women and powerful men about whom he wrote. Several feature and television movies have been made about the Philip Marlowe character. James Hadley Chase wrote a few novels with private eyes as the main hero, including "Blonde's Requiem" (1945), "Lay Her Among the Lilies" (1950), and "Figure It Out for Yourself" (1950). NoOrchidsForMissBlandishFjpg|thumb| Book Cover Chase's first novel No Orchids for Miss Blandish published 1939]] James Hadley Chase Heroes of these novels are typical private eyes which are very similar to Philip Marlowe.

Ross Macdonald, pseudonym of Kenneth Millar, updated the form again with his detective Lew Archer, while still writing in what is considered the PI's Golden Age of Detective Fiction, begun by Hammett. Ross Macdonald is the Pseudonym of the American - Canadian Writer of Crime fiction Kenneth Millar ( December 13 Ross Macdonald is the Pseudonym of the American - Canadian Writer of Crime fiction Kenneth Millar ( December 13 Lew Archer is a Fictional character created by Ross Macdonald. The Golden Age of Detective Fiction was an era of classic murder mystery novels produced by various authors all following similar patterns and style Archer, like Hammett's fictional heroes, was a camera eye, with hardly any known past. "Turn Archer sideways, and he disappears," one reviewer wrote. Two of Macdonald's strengths were his use of psychology and his beautiful prose, which was full of imagery. Like other 'hardboiled' writers, Macdonald aimed to give an impression of realism in his work through violence, sex and confrontation; this is illusory, however, and any real private eye undergoing a typical fictional investigation would soon be dead or incapacitated. Hardboiled Crime fiction is a literary style pioneered by Carroll John Daly in the mid-1920s popularized by Dashiell Hammett over the course of the The movie Harper starring Paul Newman was based on the Lew Archer character. Harper is a 1966 film written by William Goldman from a novel by Ross Macdonald. Paul Leonard Newman (January 26 1925 &ndash September 26 2008 was an Academy Award

Michael Collins, pseudonym of Dennis Lynds, is generally considered the author who led the form into the Modern Age. Michael Collins is the most well-known Pseudonym of Dennis Lynds ( January 15, 1924 &ndash August 19, 2005) an American Michael Collins is the most well-known Pseudonym of Dennis Lynds ( January 15, 1924 &ndash August 19, 2005) an American His PI, Dan Fortune, was consistently involved in the same sort of David-and-Goliath stories that Hammett, Chandler, and Macdonald wrote, but he took a sociological bent, exploring the meaning of his characters' places in society and the impact society had on people. Full of commentary and clipped prose, his books were more intimate than his predecessors, dramatizing that crime can happen in one's own living room.

The PI novel was a male-dominated field in which female authors seldom found publication until Marcia Muller, Sara Paretsky, and Sue Grafton were finally published in the late 1970s and early 1980s. Marcia Muller (born September 28, 1944) is an American author of fictional mystery and thriller Novels. Sara Paretsky (b June 8, 1947 in Ames Iowa) is a contemporary American Author of Detective fiction. Sue Taylor Grafton (born April 24 1940 is a contemporary American Author of Detective novels Biography Early years Born in Each author's detective was brainy, physical, and could hold her own. Their acceptance, then success, caused publishers to seek out other female authors.

The PI novel today is rich in variety. The strongest characteristic that binds them is that the detective now has a past and a life, while solving cases.

Police procedural

Main article: Police procedural

Many detective stories have police officers as the main characters. The police procedural is a sub-genre of the mystery story which attempts to convincingly depict the activities of a Police force as they investigate Crimes Police are agents or agencies usually of the executive, empowered to enforce the law and to effect public and social order through the legitimatized use of force Of course these stories may take a variety of forms, but many authors try to realistically depict the routine activities of a group of police officers who are frequently working on more than one case simultaneously. Some of these stories are whodunits; in others the criminal is well known, and it is a case of getting enough evidence.

Other subgenres

There is also a subgenre of historical detectives. See historical whodunnit for an overview. The historical Whodunnit is a sub-genre of Historical fiction which bears elements of the classical Mystery novel, in which the central plot involves

The first amateur railway detective, Thorpe Hazell, was created by Victor Whitechurch and his stories impressed Ellery Queen and Dorothy L. Thorpe Hazell is a fictional detective created by the British author Victor Lorenzo Whitechurch. Victor Lorenzo Whitechurch ( 12 March 1868 &ndash 25 May 1933) was a Church of England Clergyman and Author. Sayers[5].

"Cozy mysteries" began in the late 20th century as a reinvention of the Golden Age whodunnit; these novels generally shy away from violence and suspense and frequently feature female amateur detectives. Cozy is a subgenre of Crime fiction whereby Sex and Violence are downplayed or treated Humourously The term was first coined in the late 20th Modern cozy mysteries are frequently, though not necessarily in either case, humorous and thematic (culinary mystery, animal mystery, quilting mystery, etc. )

Another subgenre of detective fiction is the serial killer mystery, which might be thought of as an outcropping of the police procedural. A serial killer is a person who Murders usually three or more people with a "cooling off" period between each murder and whose motivation for killing is largely based There are early mystery novels in which a police force attempts to contend with the type of criminal known in the 1920s as a homicidal maniac, such as a few of the early novels of Philip Macdonald and Ellery Queen's Cat of Many Tails. Ellery Queen is both a Fictional character and a Pseudonym used by two American cousins from Brooklyn, New York: Daniel (David Nathan Cat of Many Tails is a Novel that was published in 1949 by Ellery Queen. However, this sort of story became much more popular after the coining of the phrase "serial killer" in the 1970s and the publication of The Silence of the Lambs in 1988. The Silence of the Lambs or Silence of the Lamb can refer to the following ''The Silence of the Lambs'' (novel, by Thomas Harris ''The These stories frequently show the activities of many members of a police force or government agency in their efforts to apprehend a killer who is selecting victims on some obscure basis. They are also often much more violent and suspenseful than other mysteries.

Suspense — the core tenet of detective fiction

A beginner to detective fiction would generally be advised against reading anything about a piece of detective fiction (such as a blurb or an introduction) before reading the text itself. Even if they do not mean to, advertisers, reviewers, scholars and aficionados usually have a habit of giving away details or parts of the plot, and sometimes -- for example in the case of Mickey Spillane's novel I, the Jury -- even the solution. Frank Morrison Spillane ( March 9 1918 – July 17 2006) better known as Mickey Spillane, was an American author of I The Jury ( 1947) is Mickey Spillane 's first Novel featuring private investigator Mike Hammer. (After the credits of Billy Wilder's film Witness for the Prosecution, the cinemagoers are asked not to talk to anyone about the plot so that future viewers will also be able to fully enjoy the unravelling of the mystery. Billy Wilder ( June 22, 1906 – March 27, 2002) was an Austrian born Jewish - American Journalist Witness for the Prosecution is a 1957 Crime film based on a short story (and later play) by Agatha Christie dealing with )

The unresolved problem of plausibility and coincidence

Up to the present, some of the problems inherent in crime fiction have remained unsolved (and possibly also insoluble). Some of them can be dismissed with a shrug: Why bother at all, even if it is obvious to everyone that an ordinary person is not likely to keep stumbling across corpses? After all, this is just part of the game of crime fiction. Still the fact that an old spinster like Miss Marple meets with an estimated two bodies per year does raise a few doubts as to the plausibility of the Miss Marple mysteries. Jane Marple, usually known as Miss Marple, is a Fictional character appearing in twelve of Agatha Christie

De Andrea has described the quiet little village of St. Mary Mead as having "put on a pageant of human depravity rivaled only by that of Sodom and Gomorrah". Similarly, TV heroine Jessica Fletcher is confronted with bodies wherever she goes, but over the years people who have met violent deaths have also piled up in the streets of Cabot Cove, Maine, the cozy little village where she lives. The State of Maine ( is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States of America, bordering the Atlantic Ocean Generally, therefore, it is much more convincing if a policeman, private eye, forensic expert or similar professional is made the hero or heroine of a series of crime novels.

This implausibility is satirized frequently on the TV show Monk, in which the main character, Adrian Monk, is frequently accused of being a "bad luck charm" and a "murder magnet" as the result of the frequency with which otherwise normal people attempt to pull off elaborate schemes for perfect murders when he is in the vicinity. Satire is often strictly defined as a literary genre or form; although in practice it is also found in the graphic and Performing arts In satire human Monk is an American Dramedy series created by Andy Breckman and starring Tony Shalhoub as the title character Adrian Monk is a Fictional character, and the protagonist of television series Monk, portrayed by Tony Shalhoub. A perfect crime is a Crime committed with sufficient planning and skill that no Evidence is apparent and the culprit cannot be traced Likewise Kogoro Mori of Detective Conan got that kind of unflattering reputation. Richard Moore, known as Kogoro Mori (毛利 小五郎 Mōri Kogorō) in the original Japanese anime and manga is one of the main character of the Anime Case Closed, known as in Japan and most other countries is a detective Manga and Anime series written and illustrated by Although Mori is actually a private investigator with his own agency, the police has never been intentionally consulting him and he just keeps stumbling from one crime scene to another. A private investigator or private detective (often shortened to PI or private eye) is a person who can be hired by individuals or groups to undertake

Also, the role and legitimacy of coincidence has frequently been the topic of heated arguments ever since Ronald A. Knox categorically stated that "no accident must ever help the detective" (Commandment No. 6).

The Effects of Technology

Technological progress has also rendered many plots implausible and antiquated. For example, the predominance of mobile phones, pagers, and PDAs has significantly altered the previously dangerous situations in which investigators traditionally might have found themselves. A pager (sometimes called a beeper) is a simple personal Telecommunications device for short messages Some authors have not succeeded in adapting to the changes brought about by modern technology; others, such as Carl Hiaasen, have. Carl Hiaasen (ˈhaɪəsɛn (born March 12, 1953) is an American Journalist and Novelist.

One tactic that avoids the issue of technology altogether is the historical detective genre. The historical Whodunnit is a sub-genre of Historical fiction which bears elements of the classical Mystery novel, in which the central plot involves As global interconnectedness makes legitimate suspense more difficult to achieve, several writers -- including Elizabeth Peters, P. C. Doherty, Steven Saylor, and Lindsey Davis -- have eschewed fabricating convoluted plots in order to manufacture tension, instead opting to set their characters in some former period. Barbara Mertz (born September 29, 1927) is the real name of authors Elizabeth Peters and Barbara Michaels. Paul C Doherty (born 1946 Middlesbrough) is an English Writer, with a doctorate in history from the University of Oxford, who writes historical Steven Saylor (born March 23, 1956) is an American Author of Historical novels He is a graduate of the University of Texas at Lindsey Davis, Historical novelist was born in Birmingham, England in 1949 Such a strategy forces the protagonist to rely on more inventive means of investigation, lacking as they do the scientific tools available to modern detectives.

Proposed rules

Several authors have attempted to set forth a sort of list of “Detective Commandments” for prospective authors of the genre. According to "Twenty rules for writing detective stories," by Van Dine in 1928: "The detective story is a kind of intellectual game. It is more--it is a sporting event. And for the writing of detective stories there are very definite laws--unwritten, perhaps, but nonetheless binding; and every respectable and self-respecting concocter of literary mysteries lives up to them. Herewith, then, is a sort of credo, based partly on the practice of all the great writers of detective stories, and partly on the promptings of the honest author's inner conscience. "[6] Ronald Knox wrote a set of Ten Commandments or Decalogue in 1929, see article on the Golden Age of Detective Fiction. Msgr Ronald Knox ( February 17[[ 888]]- August 24[[ 957]] was an English theologian, Priest and Crime writer. The Golden Age of Detective Fiction was an era of classic murder mystery novels produced by various authors all following similar patterns and style

Famous fictional detectives

The full list of fictional detectives is immense. The format is well suited to dramatic presentation, and so there are also many television and film detectives, besides those appearing in adaptations of novels in this genre. Fictional detectives are generally applicable to one of four archetypes:

Notable fictional detectives and their creators include:

Amateur detectives

Private Investigators

Police detectives

Forensic specialists

Catholic Church detectives

Government agents

Others

For younger readers

Historical

Science-fiction and Fantasy

Detective debuts and swansongs

Many detectives appear in more than one novel or story. Takeshi Lev Kovacs (pronounced "Koh-vach" Hungarian for "Smith" the same in Slovak (and some other Slavic languages) is the Protagonist Richard Morgan may refer to the following people Richard Morgan (actor (1958&ndash2006 Australian actor Richard K Here is a list of a few debut and swansong stories:

Detective Author Debut Swansong
Roderick Alleyn Ngaio Marsh A Man Lay Dead Light Thickens
Harry Bosch Michael Connelly The Black Echo
Father Brown G. K. Chesterton "The Blue Cross"
Guido Brunetti Donna Leon Death at La Fenice
Brother Cadfael Ellis Peters A Morbid Taste for Bones Brother Cadfael's Penance
Albert Campion Margery Allingham The Crime at Black Dudley
Elvis Cole Robert Crais The Monkey's Raincoat
Dr. Phil D'Amato Paul Levinson "The Chronology Protection Case"
Peter Decker Faye Kellerman The Ritual Bath
Alex Delaware Jonathan Kellerman When the Bough Breaks Gone
Nancy Drew Carolyn Keene The Secret of the Old Clock
Marcus Didius Falco Lindsey Davis The Silver Pigs
Kate Fansler Carolyn Gold Heilbrun/Amanda Cross In the Last Analysis
Dr. Gideon Fell John Dickson Carr Hag's Nook Dark of the Moon
Gervase Fen Edmund Crispin The Case of the Gilded Fly
Sir John Fielding and Jeremy Proctor Bruce Alexander Blind Justice
Gordianus the Finder Steven Saylor Roman Blood
Heiji Hattori Gosho Aoyama Detective Conan
Sherlock Holmes Sir Arthur Conan Doyle A Study in Scarlet (in Beeton's Christmas Annual) His Last Bow (see also "The Final Problem")
Shin'ichi Kudo / Conan Edogawa Gosho Aoyama Detective Conan  
Thomas Lynley and Barbara Havers Elizabeth George A Great Deliverance
Miss Marple Agatha Christie The Murder at the Vicarage Sleeping Murder
Jasi McLellan Cheryl Kaye Tardif Divine Intervention
Travis McGee John D. MacDonald The Deep Blue Good-by The Lonely Silver Rain
Sir Henry Merrivale Carter Dickson The Plague Court Murders The Cavalier's Cup
Kinsey Millhone Sue Grafton 'A' is for Alibi
Inspector Morse Colin Dexter Last Bus to Woodstock Remorseful Day
Nick Naught John E. Stith Naught for Hire
Terrell Newman Bernard J. Taylor The Deliverer
Thursday Next Jasper Fforde The Eyre Affair
Stephanie Plum Janet Evanovich One for the Money
Hercule Poirot Agatha Christie The Mysterious Affair at Styles Curtain
Ellery Queen Ellery Queen The Roman Hat Mystery A Fine and Private Place
Jack Reacher Lee Child Killing Floor
Dave Robicheaux James Lee Burke The Neon Rain
Spenser Robert B. Parker The Godwulf Manuscript
V.I. Warshawski Sara Paretsky Indemnity Only
Lord Peter Wimsey Dorothy Sayers Whose Body? Busman's Honeymoon
Nero Wolfe Rex Stout Fer-de-Lance A Family Affair

Books

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c Silverman, Kenneth (1991). Crime fiction is the Genre of Fiction that deals with Crimes their detection criminals and their motives It is usually distinguished from Ace Books published 135 mystery Ace doubles between 1952 and 1965 in dos-a-dos format Ace Books have published hundreds of mystery titles starting in 1952 Ace Books have published hundreds of mystery titles starting in 1952 Crime writers may include the authors of any sub-genre of Crime fiction, including Detective fiction, Mystery fiction, or Hard-boiled This is a list of Detective fiction authors Many of these authors may also overlap with authors of Crime fiction, Mystery fiction, or Thriller fiction A whodunit or whodunnit (for "Who done it?" is a complex plot-driven variety of the detective story in which the puzzle is the main feature of interest Japanese detective fiction is a popular genre of Japanese literature. An inverted detective story, also known as a "howcatchem", is a Murder Mystery fiction structure in which the commission of the crime is shown Kenneth Silverman is a professor emeritus at New York University and a Pulitzer Prize -winning biographer Edgar A. Poe: Mournful and Never-ending Remembrance, Paperback ed. , New York: Harper Perennial, 171. ISBN 0060923318.  
  2. ^ Maurits Hansen (1794 - 1842).
  3. ^ a b c d e Kismaric, Carole and Heiferman, Marvin. The Mysterious Case of Nancy Drew & The Hardy Boys. New York: Simon & Shuster, 1998. p. 56. ISBN 0-684-84689-6
  4. ^ Sova, Dawn B. Edgar Allan Poe: A to Z. New York: Checkmark Books, 2001. p. 162-163. ISBN 081604161X
  5. ^ Stories of the Railway, reprinted Routledge & Kegan Paul, London, 1977, ISBN 0710086350: Foreword by Bryan Morgan
  6. ^ Twenty rules for writing detective stories (1928) by S.S. Van Dine

External links

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