Desktop publishing (also known as DTP) combines an inexpensive personal computer and WYSIWYG page layout software to create publication documents on a computer for either large scale publishing or small scale local economical multifunction peripheral output and distribution. A personal computer ( PC) is any Computer whose original sales price size and capabilities make it useful for individuals and which is intended to be operated WYSIWYG (ˈwɪziwɪg or /ˈwɪzɪwɪg/ is an Acronym for W hat Y ou S ee I s W hat Y ou G To publish is to make content Publicly known. The term is most frequently applied to the distribution of text or images on paper or to the placing of content A document (noun is a bounded physical representation of body of Information designed with the capacity (and usually intent to Communicate. Publishing is the process of production and dissemination of Literature or Information &ndash the activity of making information available for public view Users create page layouts with text, graphics, photos and other visual elements using software such as QuarkXPress, Adobe InDesign, Microsoft Publisher, Apple Pages, the free Scribus and (to some extent) any graphics software or word processor that combines editable text with images. Photography (fә'tɒgrәfi or fә'tɑːgrәfi (from Greek φωτο and γραφία is the process and Art of recording pictures by means of capturing QuarkXPress ("Quark" is a computer application for creating and editing complex page layouts in a WYSIWYG environment Adobe InDesign is a Desktop publishing (DTP software application produced by Adobe Systems. Microsoft Office Publisher (previously and commonly Past Global Changes ( PAGES) founded in 1991 is a core project of the International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme (IGBP and is funded by the U Scribus is a Desktop publishing (DTP application Native versions are available for Linux, Unix, Mac OS X, OS/2, and Microsoft In Computer graphics, graphics software or image editing software is a program or collection of programs that enable a person to manipulate visual images For small jobs a few copies of a publication might be printed on a local printer. For larger jobs a computer file can be sent to a vendor for high-volume printing.

The term "desktop publishing" is commonly used to describe page layout skills. Page layout is the part of Graphic design that deals in the arrangement and style treatment of elements (content on a page However, the skills and software are not limited to paper and books. The same skills and software are often used to create graphics for point of sale displays, promotional items, trade show exhibits, retail package designs, and outdoor signs. A point-of-sale display (POS is a specialized form of Sales promotion that is found near on or next to a checkout counter (the "point of sale" Promotional items or promotional products refers to articles of merchandise that are used in marketing and communication programs A trade fair (or trade show) is an exhibition organised so that companies in a specific Industry can showcase and demonstrate their latest products service study Packaging is the science art and technology of enclosing or protecting products for distribution storage sale and use Out-of-home advertising (also referred to as OOH) is essentially any type of Advertising that reaches the consumer while he or she is outside the home (or office

Contents 1 History 2 Page layout concepts 2.1 Page 2.2 Printing components 2.3 Layout 3 Comparisons with word processing 4 Comparisons with other electronic layout 5 See also 6 References

History

Desktop publishing began in 1985 with the introduction of PageMaker software from Aldus and the LaserWriter printer from Apple Computer for the Apple Macintosh computer. PageMaker was the first Desktop publishing program introduced in 1985 by Aldus Corporation, initially for the Apple Macintosh but soon after also Aldus Corporation (named after the 15th-century Venetian printer Aldus Manutius) was the inventor of the groundbreaking PageMaker software a The Apple LaserWriter was one of the first Laser printers available to the mass market Apple Inc, ( formerly Apple Computer Inc, is an American Multinational corporation with a focus on designing and manufacturing Consumer electronics Macintosh, commonly nicknamed Mac is a Brand name which covers several lines of Personal computers designed developed and marketed by Apple Inc The ability to create WYSIWYG page layouts on screen and then print pages at crisp 300 dpi resolution was revolutionary for both the typesetting industry as well as the personal computer industry. WYSIWYG (ˈwɪziwɪg or /ˈwɪzɪwɪg/ is an Acronym for W hat Y ou S ee I s W hat Y ou G Printing is a process for reproducing text and image typically with ink on Paper using a printing press Dots per inch ( DPI) is a measure of spatial Printing or Video dot density in particular the number of individual dots that can be placed within the span Newspapers and other print publications made the move to DTP-based programs from older layout systems like Atex and other such programs in the early 1980s. Atex is a software company providing solutions to the global media industry and helped pioneer the switch of newspaper and magazine publishing from " hot lead " to "

The term "desktop publishing" is attributed to Aldus Corporation founder Paul Brainerd, who sought a marketing catch-phrase to describe the small size and relative affordability of this suite of products in contrast to the expensive commercial phototypesetting equipment of the day. Aldus Corporation (named after the 15th-century Venetian printer Aldus Manutius) was the inventor of the groundbreaking PageMaker software a Paul Brainerd (born 1947) is a pioneer in the field of computer-aided editing design and publishing Phototypesetting is a method of setting type, rendered obsolete with the popularity of the Personal computer and Desktop publishing software that

Often considered a primary skill, increased accessibility to more user-friendly DTP software has made DTP a secondary skill to art direction, graphic design, multimedia development, marketing communications, administrative careers and advanced high school literacy in thriving economies. The term art director is a blanket title for a variety of similar job functions in Advertising, Publishing, film and Television, the Internet The term graphic design can refer to a number of artistic and professional disciplines which focus on visual communication and presentation Multimedia is media and content that utilizes a combination of different content forms. Marketing communications (or marcom) are Messages and related media used to communicate with a Market. In Business, administration consists of the performance or management of business operations and thus the making or implementing of major decisions DTP skill levels range from what may be learned in a few hours (e. g. learning how to put clip art in a word processor) to what requires a college education and years of experience (e. g. advertising agency positions). An advertising agency or ad agency is a service Business dedicated to creating planning and handling Advertising (and sometimes other forms of promotion The discipline of DTP skills range from technical skills such as prepress production and programming to creative skills such as communication design and graphic image development. Prepress is the term used in the Printing and Publishing industries for the processes and procedures that occur between the procurement of a written manuscript and Communication design is a mixed discipline between Design and information-development which is concerned with how media intermission such as printed, Term Scope Image development is essentially Visual art usually for commercial purposes, but includes techniques not considered Fine art or

By the standards of today, early desktop publishing was a primitive affair. Users of the PageMaker-LaserWriter-Macintosh 512K system endured frequent software crashes, the Mac's tiny 512 x 342 1-bit black and white screen, the inability to control letter spacing, kerning (the addition or removal of space between individual characters in a piece of typeset text to improve its appearance or alter its fit) and other typographic features, and discrepancies between the screen display and printed output. In Typography, letter-spacing also called tracking, refers to the amount of space between a group of letters to affect density in a line or block of text In Typography, kerning —less commonly mortising (referring to the process of physically removing material from the cast character—is the process of adjusting letter Typography is the art and techniques of arranging type, Type design, and modifying type Glyphs Type glyphs are created and modified using a variety However, it was a revolutionary combination at the time, and was received with considerable acclaim.

Behind-the-scenes technologies developed by Adobe Systems set the foundation for professional desktop publishing applications. Adobe Systems Incorporated (pronounced a-DOE-bee əˈdoʊbiː ( is an American Computer software company headquartered in San Jose California The LaserWriter and LaserWriter Plus printers included high quality, scalable Adobe [Type 1 fonts|PostScript fonts] built into their ROM memory. The LaserWriter's PostScript capability allowed publication designers to proof files on a local printer then print the same file at DTP service bureaus using optical resolution 600+ ppi PostScript-printers such as those from Linotronic. PostScript ( PS) is a dynamically typed concatenative Programming language created by John Warnock and Charles Geschke in 1982 The Linotronic Imagesetters are a now common type of high-quality printer, capable of printing at resolutions of up to 2540 Dots per inch. Later, the Macintosh II was released which was much more suitable for desktop publishing because of its larger, color screen, support for multiple displays, greater RAM capacity and its SCSI storage interface which allowed fast, high-capacity hard drives to be attached to the system. The Apple Macintosh II was the first personal computer model of the Macintosh II series in the Apple Macintosh line

Although Macintosh-based systems would continue to dominate the market, in 1986, the GEM-based Ventura Publisher was introduced for MS-DOS computers. Year 1986 ( MCMLXXXVI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link displays 1986 Gregorian calendar) GEM ( G raphical E nvironment M anager was a Windowing system created by Digital Research Inc Ventura Publisher was the first popular Desktop publishing package for IBM PC compatible computers running DOS. MS-DOS (short for M icro' s' oft D isk O perating S ystem is an Operating system commercialized by Microsoft. While PageMaker's pasteboard metaphor closely simulated the process of creating layouts manually, Ventura Publisher automated the layout process through its use of tags/style sheets and automatically generated indices and other body matter. A Style sheet is a form of Separation of presentation and content in Desktop publishing programs that store and apply formatting to text This made it suitable for manuals and other long-format documents. Desktop publishing moved into the home market in 1986 with Professional Page for the Amiga, Publishing Partner for the Atari ST, GST's Timeworks Publisher on the PC and Atari ST, Calamus for the Atari TT030, and even Home Publisher, Newsroom, and GEOPublish for 8-bit computers like the Apple II and Commodore 64. The Amiga is a family of Personal computers originally developed by Amiga Corporation. PageStream is a Desktop publishing software package currently available for a variety of operating systems including Windows, Linux, Macintosh The Atari ST is a home / Personal computer that was commercially available from 1985 to the early 1990s Timeworks Publisher was a Desktop publishing program produced by GST Software in the United Kingdom. Calamus SL is a Desktop publishing application for Atari computer The Atari TT030 is a 32-bit version of the 16/32-bit Atari ST family

During these early years, desktop publishing acquired a bad reputation from untrained users who created poorly-organized ransom note effect layouts — criticisms that would be levied again against early web publishers a decade later. In Typography, the ransom note effect is the result of using an excessive number of juxtaposed Typefaces It takes its name from the appearance of a stereotypical The World Wide Web (commonly shortened to the Web) is a system of interlinked Hypertext documents accessed via the Internet. However, some were able to realize truly professional results. For example, .info (magazine) became the very first desktop-published, full-color, newsstand magazine in the last quarter of 1986, using a combination of Commodore Amiga computers, Professional Page desktop publishing software, and an Agfagraphics typesetter^[1].

Page layout concepts

Page

A page is a prefixed size of virtual printing material which can be viewed on the monitor in WYSIWYG format. WYSIWYG (ˈwɪziwɪg or /ˈwɪzɪwɪg/ is an Acronym for W hat Y ou S ee I s W hat Y ou G Each page has full size and printable area. They are separated with margin guides. In most cases, the full size of page are set to international standard paper sizes such as A4, letter, etc. There have been many standard sizes of Paper at different times and in different countries but today there are two widespread systems in use the international standard (A4

Printing components

There are three main types of components to be laid out on a page. They are text, natural or scanned images, artificial or creative images.

Layout

Layout is the process by which the printing components are laid on the page aesthetically and precisely.

Comparisons with word processing

While desktop publishing software still provides extensive features necessary for print publishing, modern word processors now have publishing capabilities beyond those of many older DTP applications, blurring the line between word processing and desktop publishing.

In the early days of graphical user interfaces, DTP software was in a class of its own when compared to the fairly spartan word processing applications of the time. Programs such as WordPerfect and WordStar were still mainly text-based and offered little in the way of page layout, other than perhaps margins and line spacing. WordPerfect is a proprietary Word processing application At the height of its popularity in the late 1980s and early 1990s it was the De facto WordStar was a Word processor application published by MicroPro, originally written for the CP/M operating system but later ported to DOS, that On the other hand, word processing software was necessary for features like indexing and spell checking, features that are today taken for granted.

As computers and operating systems have become more powerful, vendors have sought to provide users with a single application platform that can meet all needs. Software such as Open Office.org Writer and Microsoft Word offers advanced layouts and linking between documents, and DTP applications have added in common word processor features. OpenOfficeorg Writer is the Word processor component of the OpenOffice Microsoft Word is Microsoft 's flagship word processing software.

Comparisons with other electronic layout

In modern usage, DTP is not generally said to include tools such as TeX or troff, though both can easily be used on a modern desktop system and are standard with many Unix-like operating systems and readily available for other systems. TeX (ˈtɛx as in Greek, often /ˈtɛk/ in English; written with a lowercase 'e' in imitation of the logo is a Typesetting system designed and mostly See also Trough. TROFF may also refer to a command in the BASIC programming language. A Unix-like (sometimes shortened to *nix) Operating system is one that behaves in a manner similar to a Unix system while not necessarily conforming The key difference between electronic typesetting software and DTP software is that DTP software is generally interactive and WYSIWYG in design, while older electronic typesetting software tends to operate in batch mode, requiring the user to enter the processing program's markup language manually without a direct visualization of the finished product. Typesetting involves the presentation of textual material in graphic form on Paper or some other medium. WYSIWYG (ˈwɪziwɪg or /ˈwɪzɪwɪg/ is an Acronym for W hat Y ou S ee I s W hat Y ou G Batch processing is execution of a series of programs (" jobs quot on a Computer without human interaction The older style of typesetting software occupies a substantial but shrinking niche in technical writing and textbook publication; however, since much software in this genre is freely available, it can be more cost-effective than the professionally-oriented DTP systems. It is also particularly suitable for corporate newsletters or other applications where consistent, automated layout is important.

There is some overlap between desktop publishing and what is known as Hypermedia publishing (i. Hypermedia is used as a logical extension of the term Hypertext in which graphics audio video plain text and Hyperlinks intertwine to create a generally non-linear e. Web design, Kiosk, CD-ROM). Many graphical HTML editors such as Microsoft FrontPage and Adobe Dreamweaver use a layout engine similar to a DTP program. Microsoft FrontPage (later full name Microsoft Office FrontPage) is a WYSIWYG HTML editor and Web site administration tool from Microsoft Adobe Dreamweaver is a Web development application originally created by Allaire Systems who was acquired approximately 1998 by Macromedia and is now owned However, some Web designers still prefer to write HTML without the assistance of a WYSIWYG editor and resort to such software, if at all, solely for complex layout that cannot easily be rendered in hand-written HTML code.

See also

• List of desktop publishing software
• Camera Ready
• Database publishing
• eBook
• Graphic design
• Printing
• Publishing
• Template system
• Typesetting
• Typography
• Word processing
• Desktop video

References

1. ^ Evidence for this can be found at Mark R. The following is a list of major Desktop publishing software A wide range of related software tools exist in this field including many plug-ins and tools related to the applications Camera Ready is a common term used in the commercial printing industry meaning that a document is from a technical standpoint ready to "go to press" or be printed For the company formerly known as Database Publications, see Europress. An e-book (for electronic book: also ebook) is the Digital media equivalent of a conventional printed Book. The term graphic design can refer to a number of artistic and professional disciplines which focus on visual communication and presentation Printing is a process for reproducing text and image typically with ink on Paper using a printing press Publishing is the process of production and dissemination of Literature or Information &ndash the activity of making information available for public view A template processor (also known as a template engine or a template parser Typesetting involves the presentation of textual material in graphic form on Paper or some other medium. Typography is the art and techniques of arranging type, Type design, and modifying type Glyphs Type glyphs are created and modified using a variety Word processing is the creation of documents using a Word processor. Desktop video refers to a phenomenon lasting from the mid-1980s to the early 1990s when the graphics capabilities of personal computers such as Commodore's Amiga, the Brown's.info history page

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