Londonderry/Derry
Scots: Lunnonderrie/Derrie
Irish: Doire Cholm Cille/Doire
Maiden City, Stroke City
Vita Veritas Victoria "Life, Truth, Victory"
Londonderry/Derry shown within Northern Ireland
Population	City Proper: 83,652  Derry Urban Area: 90,663   (2001 Census)
Irish grid reference	H876455
District	Derry City
County	County Londonderry
Constituent country	Northern Ireland
Sovereign state	United Kingdom
Post town	Londonderry[1]
Postcode district	BT47, BT48
Dialling code	028
Police	Northern Ireland
Fire	Northern Ireland
Ambulance	Northern Ireland
European Parliament	Northern Ireland
UK Parliament	Foyle
NI Assembly	Foyle
Website: www.derrycity.gov.uk
List of places: UK • Northern Ireland • County Londonderry

Coordinates: 54°59′45″N 7°18′27″W / 54.9958, -7.3074

Derry or Londonderry (Irish: Doire or Doire Cholm Chille, meaning Oak wood of Colm Cille), often called the Maiden City, is a city in Northern Ireland. Scots ( The Scots leid) refers to Anglic varieties derived from early northern Middle English spoken in parts of Scotland and Northern Irish (ga ''Gaeilge'' is a Goidelic language of the Indo-European language family originating in Ireland and historically spoken by the Irish. Northern Ireland (Tuaisceart Éireann Ulster Scots: Norlin Airlann) is a Country within the United Kingdom, lying in the northeast of In Biology a population is the collection of inter-breeding organisms of a particular Species; in Sociology The Derry Urban Area (Limistéar Uirbeach Dhoire is the Urban area that includes and surrounds the city of Derry in Northern Ireland, and is part of the A nationwide Census, commonly known as Census 2001, was conducted in the United Kingdom on Sunday 29 April 2001 The Irish grid reference system is a system of geographic Grid references commonly used in Ireland (both Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland Northern Ireland is divided into 26 districts for local government purposes Derry City Council (Comhairle Cathrach Dhoire is a district council in County Londonderry in Northern Ireland. Northern Ireland is one of the four constituent parts of the United Kingdom. Constituent country is a phrase used often by official institutions in contexts in which a country makes up a part of a larger entity or grouping Northern Ireland (Tuaisceart Éireann Ulster Scots: Norlin Airlann) is a Country within the United Kingdom, lying in the northeast of This list of sovereign states, alphabetically arranged gives an overview of States around the world with information on the extent of their Sovereignty. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located A post town is a required part of all postal addresses in the United Kingdom, and a basic unit of the postal delivery system UK Postal codes are known as postcodes. UK postcodes are Alphanumeric. The BT postcode area, also known as the Belfast postcode area covers Northern Ireland and was the last part of the United Kingdom to be coded The UK Telephone numbering plan, also known as the National Telephone Numbering Plan, is the system used for assigning Telephone numbers in the United There are a number of law enforcement agencies in the United Kingdom. The Police Service of Northern Ireland is the Police service that covers Northern Ireland. The fire service in the United Kingdom operates under separate legislative and administrative arrangements in England, Northern Ireland, Scotland and The Northern Ireland Fire and Rescue Service (NIFRS is the Statutory fire and rescue service for Northern Ireland, United Kingdom The Northern Ireland Ambulance Service (NIAS is the Ambulance service that serves the whole of Northern Ireland. Northern Ireland is a Constituency of the European Parliament. This is a list of the 646 constituencies currently represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, as at the 2005 general election For other constituencies of the same name see Foyle. Foyle is a Parliamentary Constituency in the British House of Commons The Northern Ireland Assembly ( Irish: Tionól Thuaisceart Éireann, Ulster Scots: Norlin Airlann Semmlie) is the devolved Foyle is a constituency in the Northern Ireland Assembly. The seat was first used for a Northern Ireland -only election for the Northern Ireland Forum A Gazetteer of place names in the United Kingdom showing each place's County, Unitary authority or council area and its geographical coordinates List of places --> List of settlements in Northern Ireland &mdashdata from the 2001 Census This is a list of cities, Towns Villages and Hamlets in County Londonderry, Northern Ireland. A geographic coordinate system enables every location on the Earth to be specified in three coordinates using mainly a spherical coordinate system. Irish (ga ''Gaeilge'' is a Goidelic language of the Indo-European language family originating in Ireland and historically spoken by the Irish. WikipediaPersondata --> See Columba (disambiguation and St Columb for other uses Northern Ireland (Tuaisceart Éireann Ulster Scots: Norlin Airlann) is a Country within the United Kingdom, lying in the northeast of The old walled city of Londonderry lies on the west bank of the River Foyle, and the present city now covers both banks (Cityside to the west and Waterside to the east) and is connected by two bridges. See also List of cities with defensive walls A defensive wall is a Fortification used to defend a city or settlement from potential aggressors The River Foyle ( is a River in west Ulster in the northwest of Ireland, which flows from the confluence of the rivers Finn and Mourne The Waterside is an urban neighbourhood on the east side of the River Foyle opposite the Cityside of Derry, Northern Ireland. The district extends to rural areas to the southeast of the city. The population of the city proper was 83,652 in the 2001 Census. The Derry Urban Area (including Culmore, New Buildings and Strathfoyle) had a population of 90,663, making it the second-largest city in Northern Ireland^[2][3] and Ulster, and the fourth largest on the island of Ireland. The Derry Urban Area (Limistéar Uirbeach Dhoire is the Urban area that includes and surrounds the city of Derry in Northern Ireland, and is part of the Culmore ( An Chúil Mhór) is a large Village in County Londonderry, Northern Ireland, close to Derry. New Buildings (officially written as Newbuildings) is a large Village in County Londonderry, Northern Ireland. Strathfoyle ( is a Village in County Londonderry, Northern Ireland, about five miles north east of Derry. Northern Ireland (Tuaisceart Éireann Ulster Scots: Norlin Airlann) is a Country within the United Kingdom, lying in the northeast of Ulster ( Ulaidh ˈkwɪɟɪ ˈʌlˠu / ˈʌlˠi is one of the four provinces of Ireland, in addition to Connacht, Munster and Leinster Ireland (pronounced /ˈaɾlənd/ Éire) is the third largest island in Europe, and the twentieth-largest island in the world The wider Derry City Council area had a population of 107,300 as of June 2006. Derry City Council (Comhairle Cathrach Dhoire is a district council in County Londonderry in Northern Ireland. ^[4] It is one of the few towns in Europe which has not had its defensive walls breached (though the original fortified gates have been replaced). Derry is very near the border with County Donegal in the Republic of Ireland and also serves the west of County Londonderry. County Donegal (ˌdʌnəˈgɔːl Irish: Contae Dhún na nGall. Ireland ( Irish: Éire, ˈeːrʲə is a country in north-western Europe. The district is run by Derry City Council and contains both Londonderry Port and City of Derry Airport. Derry City Council (Comhairle Cathrach Dhoire is a district council in County Londonderry in Northern Ireland. Londonderry Port at Lisahally is a Port in Derry, Northern Ireland. City of Derry Airport (Aerfort Chathair Dhoire is an airport in Derry, Northern Ireland.

The City of Derry has had a very close relationship with what is now County Donegal for centuries. County Donegal (ˌdʌnəˈgɔːl Irish: Contae Dhún na nGall. The person traditionally seen as the "founder" of Derry is St. Columba (also known as Colm Cille or St. WikipediaPersondata --> See Columba (disambiguation and St Columb for other uses Columb), a holy man and royal prince from Tír Chonaill, the old name for almost all of modern County Donegal (of which Derry was a part before 1600). Tír Conaill (anglicized as Tyrconnell) was the name of a kingdom which covered much of what is now County Donegal. Derry and the nearby town of Letterkenny form the major economic core of northwest Ireland. Letterkenny (Leitir Ceanainn is the largest town in County Donegal, Ireland.

Contents 1 Name 2 History 2.1 Early history 2.2 Plantation 2.3 17th century upheavals 2.4 18th and 19th centuries 2.5 Partition 2.6 The Troubles 3 Governance 3.1 Coat of arms and motto 4 Geography 4.1 Climate 5 Demography 5.1 Protestant minority 6 Economy 6.1 History 6.2 Inward investment 6.3 Shopping 7 Tourism 8 Landmarks 9 Transport 9.1 Buses 9.1.1 City and suburban 9.1.2 Long distance 9.2 Railways 9.3 Road network 9.4 Air 10 Education 11 Sports 11.1 Gaelic games 11.2 Association Football 11.3 Boxing 11.4 Rugby 12 Culture 12.1 Night-life 12.2 Events 12.3 References in popular music 13 Notable people 14 See also 15 References 16 External links

Name

Main article: Derry-Londonderry name dispute

According to the city's Royal Charter the official name is Londonderry and, as stated in a recent High Court decision in January 2007,^[5] remains so. A Royal Charter is a Charter granted by the Sovereign on the advice of the Privy council to legitimize an incorporated body such as a city company It usually appears as such on maps. ^[6] The city is known by many as Derry, which is an anglicisation of the old Irish Daire, which in modern Irish is spelt Doire, and translates as ‘Oak-grove’. Anglicisation or anglicization (see -ise vs -ize) is a process of conversion of verbal or written elements of any other language into a more comprehensible English The term oak can be used as part of the common name of any of about 400 species of Trees and Shrubs in the Genus Quercus (from Latin The name derives from the settlement's earliest references, Daire Calgaich (‘oakwood of Calgach’). ^[7] The name was changed from Derry in 1613 during the Plantation of Ulster to reflect the establishment of the city by the London guilds. The Plantation of Ulster (Irish Plandáil Uladh) was a planned process of Colonisation which took place in the northern Irish province of Ulster London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. ^[8]

The name "Derry" is used by nationalists and indeed virtually all of Northern Ireland's Catholic community, as well as all those of the Republic of Ireland, whereas many unionists prefer "Londonderry"; however in everyday conversation Derry is also used frequently by Protestants. Irish nationalism (Náisiúnachas Éireannach refers to political and sociological movements and sentiment that embodies a love for Irish ancestry, culture and language and Unionism in Ireland, is a belief in the desirability of a full constitutional and institutional relationship between Ireland and Great Britain based on the terms and Apart from this local government decision, official use within the UK the city is usually known as Londonderry. In the Republic of Ireland, the city and county are almost always referred to as Derry, on maps, in the media and in conversation. Whereas official road signs in the Republic use the name Derry, those in Northern Ireland invariably bear Londonderry (sometimes abbreviated to L'Derry), although a number of these have had the reference to London obscured, by those who disagree with the UK's official spelling. Usage varies among local organisations, with both names being used. Examples are City of Derry Airport, City of Derry Rugby Club, Derry City FC and the Protestant Apprentice Boys Of Derry, as opposed to Londonderry Port and Londonderry Chamber Of Commerce. City of Derry Airport (Aerfort Chathair Dhoire is an airport in Derry, Northern Ireland. Derry City Football Club ( Cumann Peile Chathair Dhoire, kʊmən̪ˠ pɛlʲə xahəɾʲ ɣɛɾʲə is an Irish football club based in Derry, The Apprentice Boys Of Derry are a Protestant fraternal society with a worldwide membership founded in 1814 Londonderry Port at Lisahally is a Port in Derry, Northern Ireland. ^[9] The council changed the name of the local government district covering the city to Derry on May 7, 1984, consequently renaming itself Derry City Council. Events 558 - In Constantinople, the dome of the Hagia Sophia collapses Year 1984 ( MCMLXXXIV) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link displays the 1984 Gregorian calendar) ^[10] This did not change the name of the city, although the city is coterminous with the district, and in law the city council is also the "Corporation of Londonderry" or, more formally, the "Mayor, Aldermen and Citizens of the City of Londonderry". ^[11] The form "Londonderry" is used for the post town by the Royal Mail. A post town is a required part of all postal addresses in the United Kingdom, and a basic unit of the postal delivery system Royal Mail is the national postal service of the United Kingdom.

The city is also nicknamed the Maiden City by virtue of the fact that its walls were never penetrated during the siege of Derry in the late 17th century. For context see the Williamite War in Ireland and Jacobitism. It is also nicknamed 'Stroke City' by local broadcaster, Gerry Anderson, due to the 'politically correct' use of the oblique notation Derry/Londonderry. Gerald Michael Anderson, known professionally as Gerry Anderson (born 1944 is a Northern Irish Sony Award-winning radio and television broadcaster from A recent addition to the city has been the erection of several large stone columns on main roads into the city welcoming drivers to "the walled city. "

History

Main article: History of Derry

The city has long been a focal point for important events in Irish history, including the 1688-1689 siege of Derry and Bloody Sunday on 30 January 1972. Derry is one of the longest continuously inhabited places in Ireland. The history of Ireland begins with the first known settlement in Ireland around 8000 BC when Hunter-gatherers arrived from Great Britain and continental For context see the Williamite War in Ireland and Jacobitism. Bloody Sunday (Domhnach na Fola is the term used to describe an incident in Derry, Northern Ireland, on 30 January 1972 in which 26 Events 1648 - Eighty Years' War: The Treaty of Münster is signed ending the conflict between the Netherlands and Spain Year 1972 ( MCMLXXII) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.

Early history

Derry is one of the oldest continuously inhabited places in Ireland. Ireland (pronounced /ˈaɾlənd/ Éire) is the third largest island in Europe, and the twentieth-largest island in the world The earliest historical references date to the 6th century when a monastery was founded there by St. This article concerns the buildings occupied by monastics. For the life inside monasteries and its historical roots see Monasticism. Columba, a famous saint from what is now County Donegal, but for thousands of years before that people had been living in the vicinity. WikipediaPersondata --> See Columba (disambiguation and St Columb for other uses County Donegal (ˌdʌnəˈgɔːl Irish: Contae Dhún na nGall.

Before leaving Ireland to spread Christianity elsewhere in the British Isles, Columba founded a monastery in the then Doire Calgaich, on the east side of the Foyle. Christianity ( Greek Χριστιανισμός from the word Xριστός ( Christ)is a monotheistic Religion centered on the life and teachings This article concerns the buildings occupied by monastics. For the life inside monasteries and its historical roots see Monasticism. According to oral and documented history the site was granted to Columba by a local king. The monastery then remained in the hands of the federation of Columban churches who regarded Colm Cille as their spiritual mentor. In the year 546 the area was renamed Doire Cholm Cille in remembrance of Colmcille's Oak Grove. At this stage, in the 6th century, Derry was known primarily as a monastic settlement.

Plantation

Planters organised by London livery companies through The Honourable The Irish Society arrived in the 1600s as part of the plantation of Ulster, and built the city of Londonderry across the Foyle from the earlier town, with walls to defend it from Irish insurgents who did not welcome the occupation. London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. The Honourable The Irish Society was the organisation created by royal charter consisting of members nominated by Livery companies of the City of London, set up to The Plantation of Ulster (Irish Plandáil Uladh) was a planned process of Colonisation which took place in the northern Irish province of Ulster

This Londonderry was the first planned city in Ireland: it was begun in 1613, with the walls being completed 5 years later in 1618. A new town, planned community or planned city is a City, Town, or Community that was carefully planned from its inception and is typically The central diamond within a walled city with four gates was thought to be a good design for defence. The grid pattern chosen was subsequently much copied in the colonies of British North America. ^[12] The charter initially defined the city as extending three Irish miles (about 6. A mile is a unit of Length, usually used to measure Distance, in a number of different systems including Imperial units United States 1 km) from the centre.

The modern city preserves the 17th century layout of four main streets radiating from the Diamond to four gateways - Bishop's Gate, Ferryquay Gate, Shipquay Gate and Butcher's Gate. Historic buildings within the walls include the 1633 Gothic cathedral of St Columb. St Columb's Cathedral in the walled city of Derry or Londonderry Northern Ireland is the mother church of the Church of Ireland Diocese of Derry and In the porch is an inscription:

“

If stones could speake then London's prayse should sound Who built this church and cittie from the grounde.

”

17th century upheavals

During the 1640s, the city suffered in the Wars of the Three Kingdoms, which began with the Irish Rebellion of 1641, when the Gaelic Irish insurgents made a failed attack on the city. The Wars of the Three Kingdoms (sometimes known as the Wars of the Three Nations) formed an intertwined series of conflicts that took place in Scotland, The Irish Rebellion of 1641 began as an attempted Coup d'état by Irish Catholic gentry but developed into inter communal violence between native In 1649 the city and its garrison, which supported the republican Parliament in London, were besieged by Scottish Presbyterian forces loyal to King Charles I. A republic is a State or Country that is not led by a hereditary Monarch, but in which the people (or at least a part of its people have impact on its The Parliament of England was the Legislature of the Kingdom of England. Presbyterianism is a family of Christian denominations within the Reformed branch of Protestant Western Christianity Charles I, (19 November 1600 &ndash 30 January 1649 was King of England, Scotland and Ireland from 27 March 1625 until his execution. The Parliamentarians besieged in Derry were relieved by a strange alliance of Roundhead troops under George Monck and the Irish Catholic general Owen Roe O'Neill. " Roundheads " was the Nickname given to the Puritan supporters of Parliament during the English Civil War. George Monck 1st Duke of Albemarle, KG ( 6 December 1608 &ndash 3 January 1670) was an English soldier and politician Eoghan Rua Ó Néill, anglicised as Owen Roe O'Neill ( c. 1590&ndash1649 ("Red Owen" was a seventeenth century soldier and one of the most famous These temporary allies were soon fighting each other again however, after the landing in Ireland of the New Model Army in 1649. The New Model Army was formed in 1645 by the Parliamentarians in the English Civil War. The war in Ulster was finally brought to an end when the Parliamentarians crushed the Irish Catholic Ulster army at the battle of Scarrifholis in nearby Donegal in 1650. The Battle of Scarrifholis was fought in Donegal in north-western Ireland, on the 21st of June 1650, during the Irish Confederate Wars – Donegal ( Irish: Dún na nGall) is a town in County Donegal, in the Province of Ulster, in Ireland.

During the Glorious Revolution, only Londonderry and nearby Enniskillen had a Protestant garrison by November 1688. The Glorious Revolution, also called the Revolution of 1688, was the overthrow of King James II of England (VII of Scotland in 1688 by a union Enniskillen ( is the county town (and largest town in County Fermanagh and the west of Northern Ireland. An army of around 1,200 men, mostly "Redshanks" (Highlanders), under Alexander Macdonnell, 3rd Earl of Antrim, was slowly organised (they set out on the week William of Orange landed in England). The Scottish Highlands ( Scottish Gaelic: A' Ghàidhealtachd, Scots: Hielans) include the rugged and Mountainous When they arrived on 7 December 1688 the gates were closed against them and the Siege of Derry began. Events 43 BC - Marcus Tullius Cicero assassinated 1696 - Connecticut Route 108, one of the oldest highways For context see the Williamite War in Ireland and Jacobitism. In April 1689, King James came to the city and summoned it to surrender. The King was rebuffed and the siege lasted until the end of July with the arrival of a relief ship.

18th and 19th centuries

The city was rebuilt in the 18th century with many of its fine Georgian style houses still surviving. The 18th century lasted from 1701 to 1800 in the Gregorian calendar, in accordance with the Anno Domini / Common Era numbering system Georgian architecture is the name given in most English -speaking countries to the set of Architectural styles current between 1720 and 1840 The city's first bridge across the River Foyle in 1790. Year 1790 ( MDCCXC) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year During the 18th and 19th centuries the port became an important embarkation point for Irish emigrants setting out for North America. The 18th century lasted from 1701 to 1800 in the Gregorian calendar, in accordance with the Anno Domini / Common Era numbering system The 19th century of the Common Era began on January 1, 1801 and ended on December 31, 1900, according to the Gregorian calendar Some of these founded the colonies of Derry and Londonderry in the state of New Hampshire. Londonderry may refer to In Northern Ireland Derry or Londonderry a city in Northern Ireland New Hampshire ( is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States of America.

Also during the 19th century, Derry became a destination for migrants fleeing areas more severely affected by the Irish Potato Famine. ^[14]

Partition

During the Irish War of Independence, Derry was rocked by sectarian violence, partly prompted by the guerrilla war raging between the Irish Republican Army and the British Crown Forces, but also influenced by economic and social pressures. The Irish War of Independence (or Tan War, or Anglo-Irish War, Irish: Cogadh na Saoirse) from January 1919 to July 1921 was a guerrilla The Irish Republican Army ( IRA) (Óglaigh na hÉireann was a military organisation descended from the Irish Volunteers, established 25 November 1913 and who In July 1920, several thousand unionist ex-British Army servicemen mobilised to try to drive Catholics out of jobs they had taken during the First World War. The British Army is the land armed forces branch of the British Armed Forces. World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All Severe rioting ensued and the loyalists launched an assault on St Columb's Cathedral, which was resisted by armed IRA members. Ulster loyalism is a militant unionist ideology held mostly by Protestants in Northern Ireland. St Columb's Cathedral in the walled city of Derry or Londonderry Northern Ireland is the mother church of the Church of Ireland Diocese of Derry and Many lives were lost and in addition many Catholics and Protestants were expelled from their homes during the communal unrest. After a week's violence, a truce was negotiated by local politicians on either side.

In 1921, following the Anglo-Irish Treaty and the partition of Ireland, Derry unexpectedly became a border city, with much of its natural economic hinterland in County Donegal cut off. Year 1921 ( MCMXXI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full 1921 calendar of the Gregorian calendar The Anglo-Irish Treaty (An Conradh Angla-Éireannach officially called the Articles of Agreement for a Treaty Between Great Britain and Ireland, was a Treaty County Donegal (ˌdʌnəˈgɔːl Irish: Contae Dhún na nGall.

During the Second World War the city played an important part in the Battle of the Atlantic with a substantial presence from the British Royal Navy and a large number of GIs disembarked here. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including The Royal Navy of the United Kingdom is the oldest of the British armed services (and is therefore known as the Senior Service) 19 U-boats of the German Kriegsmarine came into the city's harbour to offer their surrender to the British at the close of the war. The Kriegsmarine (English "War navy" was the name of the German Navy between 1935 and 1945 during the Nazi regime superseding the

The Troubles

Derry perceived itself as suffering under unionist government in Northern Ireland, both politically and economically. Free Derry ( was a self-declared autonomous nationalist area of Derry, Northern Ireland, between 1969 and 1972 The Bogside is a neighbourhood outside the city walls of Derry, Northern Ireland. Northern Ireland (Tuaisceart Éireann Ulster Scots: Norlin Airlann) is a Country within the United Kingdom, lying in the northeast of In the late 1960s the city became the flashpoint of disputes about institutional discrimination and gerrymandering. Unlike most discrimination policies discrimination between, which is the discernment of qualities and recognition of the differences focused here discrimination against is Gerrymandering is a form of redistribution in which electoral district or Constituency boundaries are manipulated for electoral advantage

The violent Civil rights demonstrations were declared illegal and then suppressed by the Royal Ulster Constabulary and Ulster Special Constabulary The events that followed the August 1969 Apprentice Boys parade resulted in the Battle of the Bogside, when Catholic rioters fought the police, leading to widespread civil disorder in Northern Ireland and is often dated as the starting point of the Troubles. The Royal Ulster Constabulary GC was the name of the Police force in Northern Ireland from 1922 to 2001 The Ulster Special Constabulary (USC (commonly called the "B-Specials" was a reserve police force in Ireland. Year 1969 ( MCMLXIX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Apprentice Boys Of Derry are a Protestant fraternal society with a worldwide membership founded in 1814 The Battle of the Bogside was a very large communal Riot between the mostly unarmed residents of the Bogside area of Derry city in Northern Ireland allied

On Sunday January 30, 1972, 13 unarmed civilians were shot dead by British paratroopers during a civil rights march in the Bogside area. Events 1648 - Eighty Years' War: The Treaty of Münster is signed ending the conflict between the Netherlands and Spain Year 1972 ( MCMLXXII) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Bogside is a neighbourhood outside the city walls of Derry, Northern Ireland. Another 13 were wounded and one further man later died of his wounds. This event came to be known as Bloody Sunday. Bloody Sunday (Domhnach na Fola is the term used to describe an incident in Derry, Northern Ireland, on 30 January 1972 in which 26

The violence in Derry eased towards the end of the Troubles in the late 1980s and early 1990s. Irish journalist Ed Maloney claims in "The Secret History of the IRA" that republican leaders there negotiated a de facto ceasefire in the city as early as 1991. Whether this is true or not, the city did see less bloodshed by this time than Belfast or other localities.

The city was famously visited by a killer whale in November 1977 at the height of the troubles and was dubbed Dopey Dick by the thousands who came from miles around to see him. Dopey Dick was a killer whale that swam into the River Foyle system Northern Ireland in November 1977

Governance

Derry is in the Foyle constituency of the Parliament of the United Kingdom and the Foyle constituency of the Northern Ireland Assembly. For other constituencies of the same name see Foyle. Foyle is a Parliamentary Constituency in the British House of Commons The Parliament of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is the supreme legislative body in the United Kingdom and British overseas territories Foyle is a constituency in the Northern Ireland Assembly. The seat was first used for a Northern Ireland -only election for the Northern Ireland Forum The Northern Ireland Assembly ( Irish: Tionól Thuaisceart Éireann, Ulster Scots: Norlin Airlann Semmlie) is the devolved In European Parliament elections, Derry is part of the Northern Ireland constituency. The European Parliament ( Europarl or EP) is the only directly elected parliamentary institution of the European Union (EU Northern Ireland is a Constituency of the European Parliament. The local district council is Derry City Council, which consists of five electoral areas: Cityside, Northland, Rural, Shantallow and Waterside. Derry City Council (Comhairle Cathrach Dhoire is a district council in County Londonderry in Northern Ireland. Shantallow ( Gaelic old ground) is an ancient Townland now almost totally with the City of Derry and lies in the Roman Catholic parish The Waterside is an urban neighbourhood on the east side of the River Foyle opposite the Cityside of Derry, Northern Ireland. As of 2005, the council's 30 members were composed of 14 Social Democratic and Labour Party (SDLP) members, ten Sinn Féin, five Democratic Unionist Party (DUP), and one Ulster Unionist Party (UUP). Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Social Democratic and Labour Party ( SDLP; Páirtí Sóisialta Daonlathach an Lucht Oibre is one of the two major nationalist parties in Northern Ireland Sinn Féin () is a political party in Ireland. The current party led by Gerry Adams was formed following a split in January 1970 The Democratic Unionist Party ( DUP) is the larger of the two main unionist political parties in Northern Ireland. The Ulster Unionist Party ( UUP, sometimes referred to as the Official Unionist Party or OUP or in a historic sense simply the Unionist Party The current mayor is DUP councillor Drew Thompson and his deputy is Patricia Logue of Sinn Féin. ^[15]

Coat of arms and motto

The devices on Derry's arms are a skeleton and a three-towered castle on a black field, with the chief or top third of the shield depicting the arms of the City of London: a red cross and sword on white. For London as a whole see the main article London. The City of London is a geographically In the centre of the cross is a gold harp.

The blazon of the arms is as follows:

Sable, a human skeleton Or seated upon a mossy stone proper and in dexter chief a castle triple towered argent on a chief also argent a cross gules thereon a harp or and in the first quarter a sword erect gules^[16]

According to documents in the College of Arms in London and the Office of the Chief Herald of Ireland in Dublin, the arms of the city were confirmed in 1613 by Daniel Molyneux, Ulster King of Arms. In Heraldry and heraldic Vexillology, a blazon is a formal description of most often a Coat of arms or Flag, which enables a person to The College of Arms, or Heralds' College, is an office regulating Heraldry and granting new Armorial bearings for England, Wales London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. The Office of the Chief Herald of Ireland, sometimes incorrectly called the Office of Arms is the Republic of Ireland 's authority on all Heraldic matters relating Norroy and Ulster King of Arms is one of the senior Officers of Arms of the College of Arms, and the junior of the two provincial Kings of Arms. The College of Arms document states that the original arms of the City of Derry were ye picture of death (or a skeleton) on a moissy stone & in ye dexter point a castle and that upon grant of a charter of incorporation and the renaming of the city as Londonderry in that year the first mayor had requested the addition of a "chief of London". ^[17][18]

A number of theories have been advanced as to the meaning of the "old" arms of Derry, before the addition of the chief bearing the arms of the City of London:

• It has been suggested that the castle is related to an early 14th century castle in nearby Greencastle belonging to the Anglo-Norman Earl of Ulster Richard de Burgh. Greencastle Donegal ( An Caisleán Nua in Irish) is a commercial fishing port in County Donegal in the northwest of Ireland though The title of Earl of Ulster has been created several times in the Peerages of Ireland and the United Kingdom.
• The most popular theory about the skeleton is that it is that of a Norman De Burgh knight who was starved to death in the castle dungeons in 1332 on the orders of his cousin the above mentioned Earl of Ulster. The Normans were the people who gave their names to Normandy, a region in northern France. The title of Earl of Ulster has been created several times in the Peerages of Ireland and the United Kingdom. Another explanation put forward was that it depicted Cahir O'Doherty (Sir Charles O'Dogherty), who was put to death after the Derry was invested by the English army in 1608. This article is not about the musician in Jetplane Landing, for him see Cahir O'Doherty. During the days of Gerrymandering and discrimination against the Catholic population of Derry, Derry's Roman Catholics often used to claim in dark wit that the skeleton was 'a Catholic waiting on the Council housing list'. Gerrymandering is a form of redistribution in which electoral district or Constituency boundaries are manipulated for electoral advantage

In 1979 Derry City Council commissioned a report into the city's arms and insignia, as part of the design process for an heraldic badge. In Heraldry, a badge is an Emblem or Personal device used to indicate allegiance to or property of an individual or family The published report found that there was no basis for any of the popular explanations for the skeleton and that it was "purely symbolic and does not refer to any identifiable person". ^[19]

The 1613 records of the arms depicted a harp in the centre of the cross, but this was omitted from later depictions of the city arms, and in the Letters Patent confirming the arms to Londonderry Corporation in 1952. Letters patent are a type of Legal instrument in the form of an Open letter issued by a Monarch or Government, granting an office right ^[20] In 2002 Derry City Council applied to the College of Arms to have the harp restored to the city arms, and Garter and Norroy & Ulster Kings of Arms accepted the seventeenth century evidence, issuing letters patent to that effect in 2003. Garter Principal King of Arms is the senior King of Arms, and the senior Officer of Arms of the College of Arms. Norroy and Ulster King of Arms is one of the senior Officers of Arms of the College of Arms, and the junior of the two provincial Kings of Arms. ^[16]

The motto attached to the coat of arms reads in Latin, "Vita, Veritas, Victoria". This translates into English as, "Life, Truth, Victory".

Geography

The original walled city of Derry lies on the west bank of the River Foyle, and the present city now covers both banks. See also List of cities with defensive walls A defensive wall is a Fortification used to defend a city or settlement from potential aggressors The River Foyle ( is a River in west Ulster in the northwest of Ireland, which flows from the confluence of the rivers Finn and Mourne The area to the west of the river is known as Cityside and the area to the east, Waterside. The Waterside is an urban neighbourhood on the east side of the River Foyle opposite the Cityside of Derry, Northern Ireland. Cityside and Waterside are connected by Craigavon Bridge and Foyle Bridge. The Craigavon Bridge is one of two Bridges in Derry, Northern Ireland. The Foyle Bridge is a Bridge in Derry in Northern Ireland. Although the central cantilever span of the bridge is the second longest in Ireland The district extends to rural areas to the southeast of the city.

Climate

Climate Table

	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Average daily maximum temperature (°C)	10	10	11	12	14	17	18	19	17	15	11	11	13. The Celsius Temperature scale was previously known as the centigrade scale. 75
Average daily maximum temperature (°F)	50	50	52	54	57	63	64	66	63	59	52	52	56. Fahrenheit is a temperature scale named after Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit (1686–1736 a German Physicist who proposed it in 1724 75
Average daily minimum temperature (°C)	0	0	2	3	5	8	10	10	9	6	4	1	4. The Celsius Temperature scale was previously known as the centigrade scale. 8
Average daily minimum temperature (°F)	32	32	36	37	41	46	50	50	48	43	39	34	40. Fahrenheit is a temperature scale named after Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit (1686–1736 a German Physicist who proposed it in 1724 7
Mean total rainfall (mm)	110	80	90	60	60	70	70	90	100	120	120	100	1070
Mean total rainfall (in)	4. The Millimetre ( American spelling: millimeter, symbol mm) is a unit of Length in the Metric system, equal to Inches redirects here To see the Les Savy Fav album see Inches. 3	3. 1	3. 5	2. 4	2. 4	2. 8	2. 8	3. 5	3. 9	4. 7	4. 7	3. 9	42. 1
Source: Yahoo! Weather

Demography

Derry Urban Area (DUA), including the city and the neighbouring settlements of Culmore, New Buildings and Strathfoyle, is classified as a city by the Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency (NISRA) since its population exceeds 75,000. Culmore ( An Chúil Mhór) is a large Village in County Londonderry, Northern Ireland, close to Derry. New Buildings (officially written as Newbuildings) is a large Village in County Londonderry, Northern Ireland. Strathfoyle ( is a Village in County Londonderry, Northern Ireland, about five miles north east of Derry. On census day (29 April 2001) there were 90,736 people living in Derry Urban Area. Events 1429 - Joan of Arc arrives to relieve the Siege of Orleans. Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. The Derry Urban Area (Limistéar Uirbeach Dhoire is the Urban area that includes and surrounds the city of Derry in Northern Ireland, and is part of the Of these, 27. 0 per cent were aged under 16 years and 13. 4 per cent were aged 60 and over; 48. 3 per cent of the population were male and 51. 7 per cent were female; 77. 8 per cent were from a Roman Catholic background and 20. 8 per cent were from a Protestant background; and 7. Protestantism refers to the forms of Christian faith and practice that originated in the 16th century Protestant Reformation. 1 per cent of people aged 16-74 were unemployed.

The mid-2006 population estimate for the wider Derry City Council area was 107,300. Derry City Council (Comhairle Cathrach Dhoire is a district council in County Londonderry in Northern Ireland. ^[4] Population growth in 2005/06 was driven by natural change, with net out-migration of approximately 100 people. ^[4]

Derry was one of the few cities in Ireland to experience an increase in population during the Irish Potato Famine as migrants came to the city from other, more heavily affected areas. ^[14] The great majority of these migrants were Catholic. Catholic is an Adjective derived from the Greek adjective '' / 'katholikos' meaning "whole" or "complete". Large-scale migration from County Donegal into the City of Derry has continued ever since that time. Today, the great majority of the Catholic population of the City of Derry are of County Donegal ancestry.

Protestant minority

Concerns have been raised by the Protestant community over the increasingly divided nature of the city. A mural is a Painting on a wall ceiling or other large permanent surface In general a loyalist is one who maintains loyalty to an established government political party or sovereign especially during war or revolutionary change During the course of the Troubles, it is estimated that as many as 15,000 Protestants fled the cityside due to safety concerns. Fewer than 500 Protestants are now living on the west bank of the River Foyle, compared to 18,000 in 1969,^[21] with most on the Fountain Estate^[22] and it is feared that the city could become permanently divided. ^[23][24]

However, concerted efforts have been made by local community, church and political leaders from both traditions to redress the problem. A conference to bring together key actors and promote tolerance was held in October 2006. Dr Ken Good, the Church of Ireland Bishop of Derry and Raphoe, said he was happy living on the cityside. "I feel part of it. It is my city and I want to encourage other Protestants to feel exactly the same", he said.

Support for Protestants in the district has been strong from the former SDLP city Mayor Helen Quigley. Helen Quigley is a Social Democratic and Labour Party politician from Northern Ireland. Cllr Quigley has made inclusion and tolerance key themes of her mayoralty. The Mayor Helen Quigley said it is time for "everyone to take a stand to stop the scourge of sectarian and other assaults in the city. "^[25]

Economy

History

The economy of the district was based significantly on the textile industry until relatively recently. The River Foyle ( is a River in west Ulster in the northwest of Ireland, which flows from the confluence of the rivers Finn and Mourne For many years women were often the sole wage earners working in the shirt factories while the men predominantly in comparison had high levels of unemployment. ^[26] This led to significant male emigration. ^[27] In more recent times the textile industry jobs have increasingly moved to the Far East, leaving the district to bear an increased jobless total. The history of shirt making in the city dates back as far as 1831 and is said to have been started by William Scott and his family who first exported shirts to Glasgow. Glasgow (ˈglæzgoʊ is the largest city in Scotland and third most populous in the United Kingdom ^[28] Within 50 years, shirt making in the city was the most prolific in the UK with garments being exported all over the world. It was known so well that the industry received a mention in Das Kapital by Karl Marx, when discussing the factory system:

“

The shirt factory of Messrs. A factory (previously manufactory) or manufacturing plant is an industrial Building where workers manufacture goods Tille at Londonderry, which employs 1,000 operatives in the factory itself, and 9,000 people spread up and down the country and working in their own houses. [29]

”

A long-term foreign employer in the area is Du Pont, which has been based at Maydown since 1958, its first European production facility. E I du Pont de Nemours and Company (,) is an American chemical company that was founded in July 1802 as a Gunpowder mill by Eleuthère Irénée ^[30] Originally Neoprene was manufactured at Maydown and subsequently followed by Hypalon. Neoprene or polychloroprene is a family of synthetic Rubbers that are produced by Polymerization of Chloroprene. Hypalon is a Trademark for chlorosulfonated Polyethylene (CSPE Synthetic rubber (CSM noted for its resistance to chemicals temperature extremes and More recently Lycra and Kevlar production units were active. Spandex or elastane is a Synthetic fiber known for its exceptional elasticity. Kevlar is the registered Trademark for a light strong para-aramid Synthetic fiber, related to other Aramids such as Nomex and ^[31] Thanks to a healthy world-wide demand for Kevlar which is made at the plant, the facility recently undertook a £40 million upgrade to expand its global Kevlar production. Du Pont has stated that contributing factors to its continued commitment to Maydown are "low labor costs, excellent communications, and tariff-free, easy access to the UK mainland and European continent. "

Inward investment

In the last 15 years there has been a drive to increase inward investment in the city, more recently concentrating on digital industries. Currently the three largest private-sector employers are American firms. ^[32]

Even though the city provides cheap labour by standards in Western Europe, critics have noted that the grants offered by the Northern Ireland Industrial Development Board have helped land jobs for the area that only last as long as the funding lasts. ^[33] This was reflected in questions to the Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Northern Ireland, Richard Needham, in 1990. A Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State, in the United Kingdom government structure is a minister who is junior to a Minister of State who is in turn Richard Francis Needham 6th Earl of Kilmorey, Knight PC (b 29 January 1942) usually known as Sir Richard Needham is a former Conservative ^[34] It was noted that it cost £30,000 to create one job in an American firm in Northern Ireland.

Successes have included call centres and a large investment by Seagate, which has operated a factory in the Springtown Industrial Estate since 1993. It currently sponsors the city film festival, but more significantly employs over 1,000 people in the Springtown premises, which produce more than half of Seagate's total requirement for hard drive read-write heads. A film festival is the presentation or showcasing of Films in one or more Movie theaters or screening venues A hard disk drive ( HDD) commonly referred to as a hard drive, hard disk, or fixed disk drive, is a Non-volatile storage device A recent boost to the region was the arrival of Firstsource, one of India's leading Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) companies. The company opened its Derry contact centre in December 2006: the centre now employs around 450 people, with a target of employing over 600 people by 2008.

A success for the Invest NI was Stream International, who opened an outsourced technology contact centre operation at Peninsula Hi-Tech's Ulster Science & Technology Park^[35] in January 1995, it is now the third-largest employer in the district. Invest Northern Ireland ( Invest NI) is Northern Ireland 's regional economic development agency ^[36] Other tenants on the Science Park include Homeloan Management Ltd from Skipton in the UK who opened a financial services centre employing up to 400 at Building 3 on 1 January 2004. New Year See also New Year The Ancient Romans began their consular year on January 1st since 153 BC "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again "

A recent but controversial new employer in the area is Raytheon, Raytheon Systems Limited, was established in 1999, in the Ulster Science & Technology Park, Buncrana Road. Raytheon Company ( is a major American Defense contractor and industrial corporation with core Manufacturing concentrations in Defense systems ^[37] Although some local people welcomed the jobs boost some in the area objected to the jobs being provided by a firm involved heavily in the arms trade. The arms industry is a global Industry and Business which Manufactures and sells Weapons and Military technology and equipment. ^[38] Following four years of protest by the Foyle Ethical Investment Campaign, in 2004 Derry City Council passed a motion declaring the district a "A 'No–Go' Area for the Arms Trade". ^[39]

Derry is the largest area within Northern Ireland for American Investment according to figures released by the local Chamber of Commerce.

In June 2007 Fujitsu announced the development of an £18 million office at Timber Quay employing 328 IT staff. is a Japanese company specializing in Semiconductors Computers ( Supercomputers Personal computers, servers, Telecommunications David Courtley, chief executive of Fujitsu Services stated:

“

Derry has an advanced local infrastructure, the availability of an IT-focused labour market and a very close proximity to the UK/European marketplace, which made it an ideal choice. The jobs being created at the new centre of excellence will encompass a broad spectrum of high-quality specialist IT services roles. [40]

”

Significant multinational employers in the region include Firstsource of India, DuPont, INVISTA, Stream International, Seagate Technology, Perfecseal, NTL, Raytheon and Northbrook Technology of the United States, Arntz Belting and Invision Software of Germany, and Homeloan Management of the UK. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country E I du Pont de Nemours and Company (,) is an American chemical company that was founded in July 1802 as a Gunpowder mill by Eleuthère Irénée Invista, headquartered in Wichita Kansas is the world's largest integrated fiber resin and intermediates company Seagate ( is the world's largest manufacturer of hard drives and storage solutions Raytheon Company ( is a major American Defense contractor and industrial corporation with core Manufacturing concentrations in Defense systems The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Major local business employers include Desmonds, Northern Ireland's largest privately-owned company, manufacturing and sourcing garments, E&I Engineering, St. Brendan's Irish Cream Liqueur and McCambridge Duffy, one of the largest insolvency practices in the UK. Saint Brendan's Irish Cream Liqueur is a proprietary Cream liqueur named after Saint Brendan. ^[41]

Londonderry Port at Lisahally is the United Kingdom's most westerly port and has capacity for 30,000-ton vessels. Londonderry Port at Lisahally is a Port in Derry, Northern Ireland. The port played a vital part for the Allies in World War II during the war's longest running campaign, The Battle of the Atlantic, and saw the surrender of the German U-Boat fleet at Lisahally on May 8, 1945. Events 589 - Reccared summons the Third Council of Toledo 1450 - Jack Cade's Rebellion: Kentishmen Year 1945 ( MCMXLV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar

In spite it being the second city of Northern Ireland, road and rail links to other cities are below par for its standing. Many business leaders claim that government investment in the city and infrastructure has been badly lacking. Some have stated that this is due to its outlaying border location whilst others have cited a sectarian bias against the west of the province due to its high proportion of Catholics. Sectarianism is Bigotry, Discrimination, Prejudice or Hatred arising from attaching importance to perceived differences between subdivisions ^[42][43] There is no motorway link with Belfast or Dublin. Belfast ( is the capital city of Northern Ireland and the seat of government in Northern Ireland. Dublin (ˈdʌblɨn/ /ˈdʊblɨn or /ˈdʊbəlɪn/, bˠalʲə aːha klʲiəh or cliə(ɸ is both the largest city and capital of Ireland. The rail link to Belfast has been downgraded over the years so that presently it is not a viable alternative to the roads for industry to rely on. Mr Garvan O'Doherty, local business man and board member of the Londonderry Port and Harbour Commission, stated in the Irish Times, October 2005:

“

It is vital that road, rail and air links are all maximised with particular emphasis on the two principal road axes - connections to Belfast and Dublin. Londonderry Port at Lisahally is a Port in Derry, Northern Ireland. The Irish Times is an Irish daily broadsheet news paper launched in the late 1850s.

”

Much has been made of the City of Derry Airport. City of Derry Airport (Aerfort Chathair Dhoire is an airport in Derry, Northern Ireland. Local ratepayers subsidise it through the council; the airport also receives considerable funding from the Irish Government directly.

Critics of investment decisions affecting the district often point to the decision to build a new university building in nearby (predominately Protestant) Coleraine rather than developing the University of Ulster Magee Campus. Coleraine ( is a large Town in County Londonderry, Northern Ireland near to the mouth of the River Bann. Magee College ( Another major government decision affecting the city was the decision to create the new city of Craigavon outside Belfast, which again was detrimental to the development of Derry. Craigavon is a town in County Armagh, Northern Ireland, consisting mainly of residential development Even in October 2005, there was perceived bias against the comparatively impoverished North West of the province, with a major civil service job contract going to Belfast. Mark Durkan, the Social Democratic and Labour Party (SDLP) leader and Member of Parliament (MP) for Foyle was quoted in the Belfast Telegraph as saying:

“

The fact is there has been consistent under-investment in the North West and a reluctance on the part of the Civil Service to see or support anything west of the Bann, except when it comes to rate increases, then they treat us equally. Mark Henry Durkan (born 26 June 1960 Derry, Northern Ireland) is a nationalist politician in Northern Ireland and the leader of the Social Democratic The Social Democratic and Labour Party ( SDLP; Páirtí Sóisialta Daonlathach an Lucht Oibre is one of the two major nationalist parties in Northern Ireland A Member of Parliament, or MP, is a representative elected by the voters to a Parliament. [44]

”

Many observers note that politics will need to play a part in the future development of the economy of the city. Whether it is a future devolved Northern Ireland government or the British or Irish or European parliaments that will provide the impetus it is clear that cross border digital and physical infrastructure improvements are needed. In July 2005, the Irish Minister for Finance, Brian Cowen, called for a joint task force to drive economic growth in the cross border region. Brian Cowen (Brian Ó Comhain born) is the current Taoiseach of Ireland. This would have implications for Derry and Tyrone, and Donegal across the border.

Given the affordability of housing in the city, the student population has boomed in recent years bringing a revival in the fortunes of Magee, the oldest campus within the University of Ulster established in 1865 as Magee College. Magee College ( The University of Ulster ( UU; Ollscoil Uladh is a multi-centre University located in Northern Ireland and is the largest single university on the

In 2002 the 145-bedroom "City Hotel" opened. This four-star hotel, part of the Great Southern Hotels group, was built at a cost of £13. 8 m - partly funded by the Northern Ireland Tourist Board's Tourism Development Scheme and the International Fund for Ireland. In May 2006 it was used by the Conference of European Churches for the annual meeting of its Central Committee - the first time the meeting had taken place on the island of Ireland. The Conference of European Churches (CEC was founded in 1959 to promote reconciliation dialogue and friendship between the churches of Europe at a time of growing Cold War

Shopping

Derry is the north west's major shopping district, housing two large shopping centres along with numerous shop packed streets serving much of the greater county, as well as Tyrone and Donegal. Austins is a Department store located in the Diamond of Derry, Northern Ireland. County Donegal (ˌdʌnəˈgɔːl Irish: Contae Dhún na nGall. Retail developments in Letterkenny have, however, lessened cross-border traffic from north County Donegal. Letterkenny (Leitir Ceanainn is the largest town in County Donegal, Ireland.

The city centre has two main shopping centres; the Foyleside Shopping Centre (also Northern Ireland's largest shopping centre) which has 45 stores and 1430 parking spaces, and the Richmond Centre, which has 39 retail units. Foyleside Shopping Centre is a Shopping centre in Derry, Northern Ireland. The Richmond Centre is a Shopping centre in Derry, Northern Ireland. The Quayside Shopping Centre also serves the city-side and there is also Lisnagelvin Shopping Centre in the Waterside. These centres, as well as local-run businesses, feature numerous national and international stores. A retail park was recently built called Crescent Link Retail Park located in the Waterside and has many international chain stores, including Homebase, Curries, Carpet Right, PC World, Argos Extra, Toys R Us, Halfords, JJB, Pets at Home, MFI, Tesco Express, M&S Simply food and Land of Leather. In the short space that this site has been built, it has quickly grown to the second largest retail park in Northern Ireland (second only to Sprucefield in Lisburn). It recently changed hands for £90m in October 2007.

Derry is also home to the world's oldest independent department store; Austins. Austins is a Department store located in the Diamond of Derry, Northern Ireland. Established in 1830, Austins predates Jenners of Edinburgh by 5 years, Harrods of London by 15 years and Macys of New York by 25 years. Jenners Department Store, commonly known simply as Jenners, is a Department store located in Edinburgh, Scotland. Edinburgh ( ˈɛdɪnb(ərə Dùn Èideann) is the Capital of Scotland and is its second largest city after Glasgow. Harrods is a Department store located on Brompton Road in Knightsbridge, London, England. London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. Macy's is a chain of mid-range American Department stores Its Flagship store in Herald Square, New York City has been billed New York ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States and is the nation's third most populous ^[45] The store's five-story Edwardian building is located in the city centre's Diamond. Class and society Socially the Edwardian era was a period during which the British Class system was very rigid

Tourism

Derry has seen a large boost to its economy in the form of tourism over the last few years. Cheap flights offered by budget airlines have enticed many people to visit the city. A number of campsites have since sprung up in the surrounding countryside, especially on the West side of the city towards Letterkenny, and towards Muff in the North-West. However, many people choose to camp in fields belonging to local farmers. Tourism mainly focusses around the pubs, mainly those of Waterloo Street. Other attractions include museums, a vibrant shopping centre and trips to Giant's Causeway (approximately 50miles away).

Landmarks

There are many museums and sites of interest in and around Derry. Future projects include the Walled City Signature Project, which intends to ensure that the city's walls become a world class tourist experience. ^[46]

Derry has a distinct architectural quality from other Irish cities. This quality can be primarily ascribed to the formal planning of the historic walled city of Londonderry within the walls. This is centred on the diamond with a collection of late Georgian, Victorian and Edwardian buildings maintaining the grid lines of the main thoroughfares (Shipquay Street, Ferryquay Street, Butcher Street and Bishop Street) to the city gates. St Columb's Cathedral does not follow the grid pattern reinforcing its civic status. The Cathedral was the first post-reformation cathedral built for an Anglican church. The construction of the Catholic St. Catholic is an Adjective derived from the Greek adjective '' / 'katholikos' meaning "whole" or "complete". Eugene's Cathedral in the Bogside in the nineteenth-century was another major architectural addition to the city. The more recent infill buildings within the walls are of varying quality and in many cases these were low quality hurriedly constructed replacements for 1970s bomb damaged buildings. The Townscape Heritage Initiative has funded restoration works to a number of key listed buildings and other older structures such as 2 Castle Street (by Hegarty Architects) and at Castle Gate (Tracey Associates) since 2004. Other historic listed buildings that have been adapted and extended include the basement of the Old City Factory at Patrick Street which is now the Void Art Centre and Gallery, the Verbal Arts Centre and the initially controversial extension to 48 Clarendon Street at the corner of Northland Road. There are a number of 1970s churches by Liam McCormick and Partners in the city and environs, notably the Roman Catholic church on Steelstown Road. Other recent award winning architecture in Derry includes technology pavilions at the Magee campus (University of Ulster), the Collon Bar and Creggan Country Park.

Other existing attractions are:

• Templemore Sports Complex, which has hosted the European Boxing Championships and is claimed to be capable of hosting "any indoor sport up to international level". ^[47]
• Amelia Earhart Centre And Wildlife Sanctuary
• Apprentice Boys Memorial Hall
• Ballyoan Cemetery
• The Bogside
• Murals by the Bogside Artists
• The Craft Village
• Free Derry Corner
• The O'Doherty Tower (now home to part of the Tower Museum). WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout The Apprentice Boys Of Derry are a Protestant fraternal society with a worldwide membership founded in 1814 Ballyoan Cemetery is a Cemetery in Londonderry, Northern Ireland. The Bogside is a neighbourhood outside the city walls of Derry, Northern Ireland. A mural is a Painting on a wall ceiling or other large permanent surface The Bogside Artists are a trio of Mural painters from Derry, Northern Ireland, consisting of Tom Kelly his brother William Kelly and Kevin Hasson (b Free Derry ( was a self-declared autonomous nationalist area of Derry, Northern Ireland, between 1969 and 1972
• Guildhall
• Harbour Museum
• Museum of Free Derry (Online)
• St Columb's Cathedral and Chapter House Museum
• Tower Museum
• Workhouse Museum
• Foyle Bridge - second-longest bridge in Ireland (and Ireland's only award winning bridge)
• Craigavon Bridge. St Columb's Cathedral in the walled city of Derry or Londonderry Northern Ireland is the mother church of the Church of Ireland Diocese of Derry and The Foyle Bridge is a Bridge in Derry in Northern Ireland. Although the central cantilever span of the bridge is the second longest in Ireland Ireland (pronounced /ˈaɾlənd/ Éire) is the third largest island in Europe, and the twentieth-largest island in the world The Craigavon Bridge is one of two Bridges in Derry, Northern Ireland.
• Foyle Valley Railway Centre
• The Nerve Centre - Centre of Culture and Arts
• St. The Nerve Centre is a youth self-help organisation established in 1990 in Derry/Londonderry to provide a creative outlet for youth Columb's Park and Leisure Centre
• St Eugene's Cathedral
• Creggan Country Park
• The Millennium Forum - Theatre

Transport

Derry's transport network is built out of a complex array of old and modern roads and railways throughout the city and county. St Eugene's Cathedral is the Roman Catholic cathedral located in Derry, Northern Ireland. Creggan ( Irish: An Creagán; meaning stony place) is a large housing estate in Derry in Northern Ireland. The Millennium Forum is a Theatre and conference centre in Londonderry, Northern Ireland. The city's road network also makes use of two bridges to cross the River Foyle, the Craigavon Bridge and the Foyle Bridge, the longest bridge in Ireland. The River Foyle ( is a River in west Ulster in the northwest of Ireland, which flows from the confluence of the rivers Finn and Mourne The Craigavon Bridge is one of two Bridges in Derry, Northern Ireland. The Foyle Bridge is a Bridge in Derry in Northern Ireland. Although the central cantilever span of the bridge is the second longest in Ireland Derry also serves as a major transport hub for travel throughout nearby County Donegal. County Donegal (ˌdʌnəˈgɔːl Irish: Contae Dhún na nGall.

Buses

City and suburban

Most public transport in Northern Ireland is operated by the subsidiaries of Translink. Ulsterbus Foyle is a brandname developed by Ulsterbus for its services in Derry, Northern Ireland's second city Translink is the brand name of the Northern Ireland Transport Holding Company (NITHCo a public corporation in Northern Ireland which provides the Public Originally the city's internal bus network was run by Ulsterbus, which still provides the city's connections with other towns in Northern Ireland. Ulsterbus is a Public transport operator in Northern Ireland and operates bus services outside of Belfast. The city's buses are now run by Ulsterbus Foyle,^[48] just as Translink Metro now provides the bus service in Belfast. Ulsterbus Foyle is a brandname developed by Ulsterbus for its services in Derry, Northern Ireland's second city Metro is the trading name for Bus company Citybus in Belfast, Northern Ireland. The Ulsterbus Foyle network offers 13 routes across the city into the suburban areas.

There is also an Easibus link connecting to the Waterside and Drumahoe, and a free Rail Link Bus runs from the Waterside Railway Station to the city centre. All buses leave from the Foyle Street Bus Station in the city centre.

Long distance

Long distance buses depart from Foyle Street Bus Station to destinations throughout Ireland. Buses are operated by both Ulsterbus and Bus Éireann on cross-border routes and also by Lough Swilly buses to Co. Donegal. Ulsterbus is a Public transport operator in Northern Ireland and operates bus services outside of Belfast. Bus Éireann ( Irish for Irish Bus) provides bus services in Ireland with the exception of those operated entirely within the Dublin Region, which Lough Swilly ( Loch Súilí in Irish) in Ireland is a Fjord -like body of water lying between the western side of the Inishowen Peninsula County Donegal (ˌdʌnəˈgɔːl Irish: Contae Dhún na nGall. There is a half-hourly service to Belfast every day, called the Maiden City Flyer, which is the Goldline Express flagship route. Belfast ( is the capital city of Northern Ireland and the seat of government in Northern Ireland. There are hourly services to Strabane, Omagh, Coleraine and Letterkenny, and nine services a day to bring people to Dublin. Strabane (strəˈbæn Irish, An Srath Bán, Fair River Valley or White Strand is a Town in the west of County Tyrone and the north-west of Omagh (pronounced /'omæ/) is the County town of County Tyrone in Northern Ireland, situated where the rivers Drumragh and Camowen Coleraine ( is a large Town in County Londonderry, Northern Ireland near to the mouth of the River Bann. Letterkenny (Leitir Ceanainn is the largest town in County Donegal, Ireland. Dublin (ˈdʌblɨn/ /ˈdʊblɨn or /ˈdʊbəlɪn/, bˠalʲə aːha klʲiəh or cliə(ɸ is both the largest city and capital of Ireland. There is a daily service to Sligo, Galway, Shannon Airport and Limerick. Sligo (disambiguation Sligo ( (ˈslaɪɡoʊ "sly-go" Irish ˈɕlʲɪɟəx is the County town of County Sligo in Ireland. Galway (Gaillimh is the only city in the province of Connacht in Ireland. Shannon International Airport, or Aerfort na Sionnainne in Irish is one of Ireland's primary three airports (along with Dublin Airport and Cork Airport Limerick (pronounced /ˈlɪmrɪk/ Luimneach in Irish) is a city and the county seat of County Limerick in the Province of Munster

Railways

Northern Ireland Railways has a single route from Waterside station to Belfast via Bellarena, Castlerock, Coleraine, Ballymoney, Cullybackey, Ballymena, Antrim, Mossley West and Whiteabbey. NI Railways also known as Northern Ireland Railways and for a brief period of time Ulster Transport Railways (UTR is the Railway operator in Londonderry railway station, also known as Waterside station serves the city of Derry in Northern Ireland. Belfast ( is the capital city of Northern Ireland and the seat of government in Northern Ireland. Bellarena is a Village in County Londonderry, Northern Ireland on the A2 coastal road between Limavady and Coleraine, 11km Castlerock ( Carraig Ceasail) is a seaside Village in County Londonderry, Northern Ireland. Coleraine ( is a large Town in County Londonderry, Northern Ireland near to the mouth of the River Bann. Ballymoney ( is a small Town in County Antrim, Northern Ireland. Cullybackey ( is a Village in County Antrim, Northern Ireland, 4 miles north of Ballymena, on the banks of the River Maine. Ballymena ( is a Town in County Antrim, Northern Ireland and the seat of Ballymena Borough Council. Antrim ( is a town in County Antrim in the northeast of Northern Ireland, on the banks of the Six Mile Water, half a mile northeast from Lough Whiteabbey is a small urban Village area in Newtownabbey, County Antrim, Northern Ireland. The service, which had been allowed to deteriorate in the 1990s, has since been boosted by increased investment. Currently, a plan has been put in place by the Department for Regional Development, for relaying of the track between Derry and Coleraine by 2011, Which will include a passing loop and new signals, This effectively means than trains will be able to run a hourly service and commuter trains could arrive in Derry before 9am. The journey time will also be reduced by 30 minutes! (Proof of this can be received by contacting Translink, therefore do not delete!) Recently there has been calls by DUP MLA's to have a train halt located at a redeveloped Ballykelly Army Camp, whether this will go ahead is definite. However, many still do not use the train, due to the fact that at over two hours it is slower centre-to-centre than the 100-minute Ulsterbus Goldline Express service. It carries over 1 million passengers a year.

At one time, Derry was served by four different systems which stretched throughout Northern Ireland, into Co. Donegal and deep into southern Ireland. Ireland (pronounced /ˈaɾlənd/ Éire) is the third largest island in Europe, and the twentieth-largest island in the world At the turn of the last century, Clones was one of the major junctions from Derry, Omagh, and Belfast to north Leinster, in particular, the major market towns of Athlone, Cavan, and Mullingar. This page refers to the Irish town For other uses see Clones (disambiguation, or Clone Clones (Cluain Eois &ndash ˈkloʊnɪs Omagh (pronounced /'omæ/) is the County town of County Tyrone in Northern Ireland, situated where the rivers Drumragh and Camowen Belfast ( is the capital city of Northern Ireland and the seat of government in Northern Ireland. Athlone ( is a town that lies on the River Shannon near the southern extremity of Lough Ree, Ireland. Cavan (ˈkævən) is the county seat of County Cavan in Ireland. Mullingar ( An Muileann gCearr in Irish, meaning "the left-handed or wry mill" is the administrative centre of County Westmeath, Ireland This back-bone rail infrastructure was administered by Midland Great Western Railway which also linked to other major centres namely, Sligo, Tullamore, via Clara, other destinations such as Dublin, Limerick, and other market centres of the south coast. The Midland Great Western Railway (MGWR main line extended from Broadstone in Dublin to the Midlands ( Mullingar, to Athlone) and onwards Sligo (disambiguation Sligo ( (ˈslaɪɡoʊ "sly-go" Irish ˈɕlʲɪɟəx is the County town of County Sligo in Ireland. Tullamore ( Tulach Mhór in Irish) is a town in County Offaly, in the midlands of Ireland. Clara ( Clóirtheach or An Clárach in Irish) is a town on the River Brosna in County Offaly in the midlands of Ireland Dublin (ˈdʌblɨn/ /ˈdʊblɨn or /ˈdʊbəlɪn/, bˠalʲə aːha klʲiəh or cliə(ɸ is both the largest city and capital of Ireland. Limerick (pronounced /ˈlɪmrɪk/ Luimneach in Irish) is a city and the county seat of County Limerick in the Province of Munster

Road network

The road network has historically seen under-investment and has lacked good road connections to both Belfast and Dublin for many years. Long overdue, the largest road investment in the north west's history is now taking place in the district with the construction of new dual-carriageways and roads to Dungiven and helping to reduce the time it takes to get to Belfast. Dungiven ( Dun Geimhín; meaning Given's fort) is a small town in County Londonderry, Northern Ireland, on the main Belfast to Belfast ( is the capital city of Northern Ireland and the seat of government in Northern Ireland. ^[49] This development is bringing a direct dual-carriageway linking between Northern Ireland's two largest cities a step closer. The project is costing £250 million and is expected to be completed in 2015. In October 2006, the Irish Government announced that it was to invest €1,000 million in Northern Ireland;^[50] and one of the planned projects was the complete upgrade of the A5 Derry-Omagh-Aughnacloy(-Dublin) road, around 90km (56 miles) long, to motorway standard. The Government of Ireland (Rialtas na hÉireann n̪ˠə ˈheːɾʲən̪ˠ is the Cabinet that exercises executive authority in Ireland. Please update other articles as well to avoid contradiction within Wikipedia e Motorway is a term for both a type of Road and a classification or designation ^[51] It is yet unknown will these two separate projects interconnect at anypoint, although there has been calls for some form off connection between the two routes.

Air

City of Derry Airport, the council-owned commercial airport near Eglinton, has been growing in recent years with new investment in a new runway and £10 million towards redeveloping the site. City of Derry Airport (Aerfort Chathair Dhoire is an airport in Derry, Northern Ireland. Eglinton ( is a large Village in County Londonderry, Northern Ireland. ^[52] It is hoped that the new investment will add to the airport's limited array of domestic and international flights. At the end of 2008 work will begin on turning the A2 from Maydown to Eglinton and the airport into a dual carriageway, with completion estimated by 2010. Not to be confused with A2 road (Great Britain. The A2 is a major road in Northern Ireland, a large section of which is often called Maydown ( Irish: Magh Dúin; meaning Plain of the fort) is a small Village in County Londonderry, Northern Ireland, near

Flights depart mostly to airports in the UK and Ireland, such as Dublin, London Stansted, Liverpool, Nottingham, Glasgow Prestwick Airport, Glasgow International Airport and Bristol, , though also serves some resorts on the southern coast of the Iberian peninsula and the Canary Islands during the summer. Ireland ( Irish: Éire, ˈeːrʲə is a country in north-western Europe. London Stansted Airport is a passenger Airport located in the Uttlesford District of the English County of Essex about 38 miles (61 East Midlands Airport is an Airport in the East Midlands of England, near Castle Donington in Leicestershire. Glasgow Prestwick Airport (Port-adhair Ghlaschu Phreastabhaig is an International airport serving Glasgow, situated north of the town of Prestwick Bristol Airport may refer to Bristol International Airport, serving Bristol England United Kingdom (IATA BRS ICAO EGGD The Iberian Peninsula, or Iberia, is located in the extreme southwest of Europe, and includes modern day Spain, Portugal, Andorra The Canary Islands ( English pronunciation kəˈnæriː ˈaɪləndz Spanish: Islas Canarias, ˈizlas kaˈnarjas are a Spanish

In May 2007, the airport's main carrier, Ryanair, announced that it was starting flights to Bristol to complement its flights to Stansted, Liverpool, East Midlands and Glasgow. Bristol ( ˈbrɪstəl is a city, Unitary authority and ceremonial county in South West England, west of London

Also Ryanair has just announced that there will be flights to and from the Airport to London Luton from October 2008, This will now be the second flight route offered to London from the City that has historically had sich close links to the U. K Capital.

A previously successful route between Derry and Manchester was axed by British Airways in 2005 as part of its rationalisation of regional services. British Airways plc ( is the national Airline and Flag carrier of the United Kingdom and one of the largest in Europe Previously Aer Arann had run a service to Birmingham. Aer Arann is a Regional airline based in Dublin, Ireland. They operate scheduled service on 40 different routes between Ireland, France Birmingham International Airport is an international airport located 5 In October 2008, Flybe will replace one of BA's flights to and from the airport, this being the Derry - Glasgow International Route, Aer Arann will return to the airport as of the 22nd July operating the Poblic Service Order Route between Derry and Dublin. Flybe Limited is a British Airline based at Exeter International Airport, England.

Education

Derry is home to the Magee Campus of the University of Ulster, which was formerly Magee College. Magee College ( The University of Ulster ( UU; Ollscoil Uladh is a multi-centre University located in Northern Ireland and is the largest single university on the Magee College ( The University of Ulster ( UU; Ollscoil Uladh is a multi-centre University located in Northern Ireland and is the largest single university on the The North West Institute of Further and Higher Education is also based in the city.

Secondary schools in Derry include St. Columb's College, Oakgrove Integrated College, St Cecilia's College, St. Joseph's Boys' School, Lisneal College, Foyle and Londonderry College, Thornhill College, Lumen Christi College and St. Peter's High School. Secondary school is a term used to describe an educational Institution where the final stage of compulsory schooling known as Secondary education, takes Nobel Prize winners The school is one of the few schools in the world that can claim two Nobel laureates amongst its Alumni: Seamus Heaney History The first roots of Oakgrove were in an informal meeting between several teachers and parents on the separation of children on academic sexual and religious grounds St Cecilia's College is a secondary school located in Derry, Northern Ireland. St Joseph's Boys' School is a Secondary school in Westway in the Creggan area of Derry, Northern Ireland. Lisneal College is a controlled secondary school located in Londonderry, Northern Ireland. Foyle and Londonderry College (or FALC) is a Co-educational voluntary Grammar school in the city of Derry, Northern Ireland. Thornhill College is a Roman Catholic girls Grammar school in Derry, Northern Ireland on the north-western coast of the island of Ireland Founded in September 1997 Lumen Christi College is a Co-educational Catholic grammar school in Derry, Northern Ireland. St Peter's High School There are also numerous primary schools. See also Primary education A primary school (from French école primaire) is an institution where children receive the first stage of Compulsory

Sports

The city is the home of many sporting establishments, teams and organisations, and football, both Association (soccer) and Gaelic are popular in the area. Football is the word given to a number of similar Team sports all of which involve (to varying degrees kicking a Ball with the foot in an attempt to score a Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a Team sport played between two teams of eleven players and is widely considered Gaelic football ( Irish: Peil, Peil Ghaelach, or Caid) commonly referred to as " football " is a form of Football In soccer, the main teams are: Institute F.C. and Oxford United Stars F.C. who play in the Northern Ireland Irish League; Derry City F.C., who plays in the Republic of Ireland's FAI National League. Institute FC is a Northern Ireland football club recently promoted into the IFA Premiership. For the English football team see Oxford United FC Oxford United Stars F Derry City Football Club ( Cumann Peile Chathair Dhoire, kʊmən̪ˠ pɛlʲə xahəɾʲ ɣɛɾʲə is an Irish football club based in Derry, Ireland ( Irish: Éire, ˈeːrʲə is a country in north-western Europe. The FAI eircom League of Ireland is the Republic of Ireland 's current national football league system created following the merging of the FAI and the League In Gaelic football Derry GAA are the county team and play in the Gaelic Athletic Association's National Football League, Ulster Senior Football Championship and All-Ireland Senior Football Championship. For more information on Derry GAA see Derry Senior Football Championship and Derry Senior Hurling Championship. The Gaelic Athletic Association ( GAA) ( Irish: Cumann Lúthchleas Gael /'kʊmˠən̪ˠ 'l̪ˠuh For the latest competition see 2008 or the Hurling equivalent: 2008 The National Football The Ulster Senior Football Championship is the premier Gaelic football "knockout" competition played in the province of Ulster in Ireland The All-Ireland Senior Football Championship is the premier "knockout" competition in the game of Gaelic football played in Ireland. They also field hurling teams in the equivalent tournaments. Hurling (in Irish, iománaíocht or iomáint) is an outdoor team Sport of ancient Gaelic origin administered by the Gaelic

There are also many gyms situated throughout the city, including Fitness First. Fitness First is one of the largest health and fitness provider in the world second in number of clubs only to Gold's Gym and third in memberships only to 24 hour Others include Pro Gym and Platinum also Extreme Fitness owned & run by Willie Lynch. Pro Gym is run by Dave Fox and Malika Zitouni. Malika Zitouni (born December 12 1973 is a French-Algerian Bodybuilder. Dave is a native of Derry and is the Nabba Northern Ireland 1997/98 winner. Malika won the Nabba Universe Class 1 2006.

Gaelic games

There are many Gaelic games clubs in and around the city, for example Steelstown GAC, Doire Colmcille CLG, Seán Dolans GAC and Slaughtmanus GAC. Steelstown GAC ( Irish: Bhaile Stíl) is a Gaelic Athletic Association club based in Derry, Northern Ireland. Doire Colmcille CLG is a Gaelic Athletic Association club based in Derry, Northern Ireland. Seán Dolans GAC ( Irish: CLG Seán Ó Dubhiain) is a Gaelic Athletic Association club based in Derry, Northern Ireland. St Mary's GAC Slaughtmanus ( Irish: CLG Naomh Mhuire Leacht Mhanuis) is a Gaelic Athletic Association club based in Slaughtmanus on the outskirts

Association Football

The local soccer league is the Derry and District League and teams from the city and surrounding areas participate, including Lincoln Courts, Don Bosco's F.C. and Trojans F.C.

Boxing

There are many boxing clubs, the most well-known being The Ring Boxing Club, which is associated with Charlie Nash^[53] and John Duddy,^[54] amongst others. Derry City Football Club ( Cumann Peile Chathair Dhoire, kʊmən̪ˠ pɛlʲə xahəɾʲ ɣɛɾʲə is an Irish football club based in Derry, Paris Saint-Germain Football Club, or PSG, is a French football club based in Paris. The Brandywell Stadium ( Irish: Tobar an Fhíoruisce) is a Municipal football and Greyhound racing stadium located The UEFA Cup is a football competition for European club teams organised by the Union of European Football Associations (UEFA. The Derry and District League is an amateur football league in Derry. Don Bosco's Football Club is an amateur football club formed in 1972 in Derry by Terry Kelly, Mickey Carlin Martin McLaughlin Arty Palmer and Gerry McDaid Trojans Football Club is a football club based in Derry, Northern Ireland, currently playing in the Northern Ireland Intermediate League. Charlie Nash, born in Derry in 1951 grew up in the Creggan area of the Derry City This article is about John Duddy the Irish boxer For the Scottish murderer see Massacre of Braybrook Street.

Rugby

Rugby Union is also quite popular in the city, with the City of Derry Rugby Club situated not far from the city centre. Overview See also Playing rugby union A rugby union match lasts for 80 minutes (plus stoppage time with a short YMCA RFC is another Rugby club and is based in Drumahoe which is just outside the city. Drumahoe ( Droim na hUamha in Irish, 'Ridge of the cave' is village in County Londonderry.

Culture

In recent years the city, and surrounding countryside, has become well-known for its artistic legacy producing such talents as the Nobel Prizewinning poet Seamus Heaney, the poet Seamus Deane, the playwright Brian Friel, the writer and music critic Nik Cohn, the artist Willie Doherty, the socio-political commentator and activist Eamonn McCann as well as bands such as The Undertones. Seamus Deane (born 1940 in Derry, Northern Ireland) is an Irish Poet, Critic and Novelist. Brian Friel (born 9 January 1929) is a playwright and more recently director of his own works from Northern Ireland who now resides in County Donegal See Nick Cohen for the New Statesman and The Observer contributor Nik Cohn (also written Nick Cohn is a Willie Doherty (born 1959 is an Irish Artist. He has mainly worked in Photography and Video. Eamonn McCann (b 1943 Derry, Northern Ireland) is an Irish Journalist, Author, and Political activist. The Undertones are a Northern Irish Punk rock / Power pop band formed in Derry in 1975 The large political gable-wall murals of Bogside Artists, Free Derry Corner, the Foyle Film Festival, the Derry Walls, St Eugene's and St Columb's Cathedrals and the annual Halloween street carnival are popular tourist attractions. The Bogside Artists are a trio of Mural painters from Derry, Northern Ireland, consisting of Tom Kelly his brother William Kelly and Kevin Hasson (b Free Derry ( was a self-declared autonomous nationalist area of Derry, Northern Ireland, between 1969 and 1972

Night-life

The city's night-life is mainly centred on the weekend. Waterloo Street is central to this. It is a steep street lined with various pubs, both Irish traditional and modern. Live rock and traditional music can frequently be heard emanating from the pub-doors and windows whilst walking up or down the street at night. Derry also has a Wetherspoons outlet, which is popular with punters as a pre-club drinking destination, as well as Lloyds No. J D Wetherspoon plc (commonly referred to as Wetherspoons or Spoons) is a British Pub chain, founded by Tim Martin in 1979 1 Bar (also owned by Wetherspoons). The city is renowned for producing exceptionally talented musicians and many bands perform in venues around the city, for example the Smalltown America duo, Fighting with Wire and Jetplane Landing. Smalltown America is a UK based Independent record label formed in 2001 Fighting with Wire (or FWW) are an alternative rock and punk band hailing from Derry Northern Ireland Jetplane Landing is a four piece band from Derry ( Northern Ireland) and London ( England) Triggerman have a resident slot at Mason's Bar, while numerous other young local and indeed international bands perform at the Nerve Centre. The Nerve Centre is a youth self-help organisation established in 1990 in Derry/Londonderry to provide a creative outlet for youth

Events

• The world-famous "Banks of the Foyle Hallowe’en Carnival" (known in Irish as Féile na Samhna) in Derry also prove a huge tourism boost for the city, the carnival is promoted as being the first and longest running Halloween carnival in the whole of Ireland,^[55][56] It is the largest street party in Ireland with more than 40,000 ghoulish revellers taking to the streets annually. Irish (ga ''Gaeilge'' is a Goidelic language of the Indo-European language family originating in Ireland and historically spoken by the Irish. ^[57]

• In March, the city hosts the Big Tickle Comedy Festival, which in 2006 featured Dara Ó Briain and Colin Murphy. Dara Ó Briain, (born 4 February 1972) (pronounced /d̪ãrə o bʲɾʲriənʲ/ Anglicised /dæræ o briən/ is an Irish Comedian and Colin Murphy is a Comedian born in Belfast, Northern Ireland. In April the city plays host to City of Derry Jazz and Big Band Festival and in November the Foyle Film Festival, the biggest film festival in Northern Ireland.

• Every summer the city hosts Tomo-Dachi, Ireland's largest Anime convention, which in July 2006 was held at Magee College, University of Ulster. Tomo-Dachi is an Anime convention based in Derry, Northern Ireland. An anime convention is an event or gathering with a primary focus on Anime, Manga and Japanese culture. Magee College ( The University of Ulster ( UU; Ollscoil Uladh is a multi-centre University located in Northern Ireland and is the largest single university on the ^[58] Hundreds of fans from across the UK and Ireland descended upon the city for the event.

• The siege of Derry is commemorated annually by the fraternal organisation the Apprentice Boys of Derry in the week long Maiden City Festival. For context see the Williamite War in Ireland and Jacobitism. The Apprentice Boys Of Derry are a Protestant fraternal society with a worldwide membership founded in 1814 MAIDEN CITY FESTIVAL 2008 The Maiden City Festival is back on the August calendar taking its first step to regaining position as the premier celebration of diversity in

• The Foyle Cup is a youth soccer tournament held every year in the city. The Foyle Cup is a youth soccer tournament held every year in Londonderry. It has attracted many notable teams in the past. For example Werder Bremen, IFK Goteborg and Ferencvaros.

• The Instinct Festival is an annual youth festival celebrating the Arts. It is held around Easter and has proven a success in recent years.

• Radio 1's Big Weekend was held in Derry in Prehen Playing Fields in 2004. Radio 1's Big Weekend (previously known as One Big Weekend) is a Music festival run by BBC Radio 1.

• Celtronic is a major annual electronic dance festival held at venues all around the city. The 2007 Festival featured the DJ, Erol Alkan. Erol Alkan is a London -based electro DJ of Turkish descent He was resident DJ and founder of London club night Trash.

• On 9 December 2007 Derry entered the Guinness Book of Records when 13000 Santas gathered to break the world record beating previous records held by Liverpool and Las Vegas. Events 536 - Byzantine General Belisarius enters Rome while the Ostrogothic garrison peacefully leaves the city Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ^[59]

References in popular music

Shots were fired by a mindless military, The people ran they were unarmed Across the world we will read of Derry And those who died by oppressive hands. —Cruachan, "Bloody Sunday" I was born in Londonderry I was born in Derry City too Oh what a special child To see such things and still to smile I know that there was something wrong But I kept my head down and carried on. —The Divine Comedy "Sunrise" Well it was Sunday bloody Sunday When they shot the people there The cries of thirteen martyrs Filled the Free Derry air Is there any one amongst you Dare to blame it on the kids? Not a soldier boy was bleeding When they nailed the coffin lids! —John Lennon and Yoko Ono "Sunday Bloody Sunday" Full lyrics In 1803 we sailed out to sea, Out from the sweet town of Derry, For Australia bound if we didn't all drown, And the marks of our fetters we carried. The Divine Comedy John Winston Ono Lennon, MBE (born born in Tokyo on February 18 1933 is a Japanese Artist and Musician. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. . . —Bobby Sands "Back Home In Derry" Full lyrics

It is old but it is beautiful, and its colours they are fine. Robert Gerard Sands (Roibeard Gearóid Ó Seachnasaigh commonly known as Bobby Sands, (9 March 1954 – 5 May 1981 was a Provisional Irish Republican Army It was worn at Derry, Aughrim, Enniskillen and the Boyne. For context see the Williamite War in Ireland and Jacobitism. The Battle of Aughrim was the decisive battle of the Williamite War in Ireland. The Battle of Newtownbutler took place near Enniskillen in County Fermanagh in northern Ireland in 1689 and was part of the Williamite The Battle of the Boyne (Cath na Bóinne was a turning point in the Williamite claim on the English throne My father wore it as a youth in bygone days of yore. And on the Twelfth I love to wear the sash my father wore —Anon "The Sash" . The Sash (also known as The Sash My Father Wore) is an Ulster ballad commemorating the victory in the Williamite war in Ireland in 1690–1691 over . . In the early morning the shirt factory horn called women from Creggan, the Moor and the Bog. While the men on the dole played a mother's role, fed the children and then walked the dog. And when times got tough there was just about enough. But they saw it through without complaining. For deep inside was a burning pride in the town I loved so well. There was music there in the Derry air, like a language that we all could understand. . . —Phil Coulter "The Town I Loved So Well" Full lyrics

Notable people

Main article: List of people from Derry

Notable people who were born or have lived in Derry include the poet Seamus Heaney, Social Democratic and Labour Party founder and Nobel Peace Prize winner John Hume, Deputy First Minister of Northern Ireland Martin McGuinness, Aston Villa manager Martin O'Neill, actress Amanda Burton, girl band member Nadine Coyle, and musician Feargal Sharkey. Phil Coulter (born 19 February 1942 is a Northern Irish Songwriter, Pianist and Music producer, arranger and director This is a list of famous people who were born or have lived in Derry, Northern Ireland. The Social Democratic and Labour Party ( SDLP; Páirtí Sóisialta Daonlathach an Lucht Oibre is one of the two major nationalist parties in Northern Ireland The Nobel Peace Prize ( Swedish, Danish and Nobels fredspris is one of five Nobel Prizes Bequeathed by the Swedish industrialist and inventor John Hume (born 18 January 1937) is a former Politician in Northern Ireland, founding member of the Social Democratic and Labour Party The Office of the First Minister and the deputy First Minister ( OFMDFM) ( Irish: Oifig an Chéad-Aire agus an leasChéad-Aire James Martin Pacelli McGuinness (Máirtín Mag Aonghusa born in Derry on 23 May 1950 is the Deputy First Minister of Northern Ireland. Martin Hugh Michael O'Neill OBE, (born 1 March 1952 in Kilrea, Northern Ireland) is a former Northern Ireland national football team captain Amanda Burton (born October 10, 1956 in Ballougry, County Londonderry, Northern Ireland) is an Actress best known Nadine Elizabeth Louise Coyle (born 15 June 1985 in Derry, Northern Ireland) is an Irish singer from the all-girl group Girls Aloud. Feargal Sharkey (born Sean Feargal Sharkey, 13 August 1958 Derry, Northern Ireland, UK) is a British Singer, who first found fame

See also

Abbeys and priories in Northern Ireland (County Londonderry) Apprentice Boys of Derry Ballynalliagh Bogside Derry City F.C. Derry GAA

Doire Colmcille CLG Derry Journal List of towns in Northern Ireland List of villages in Northern Ireland Scouting in Londonderry Shantallow

References

External links

• Guardian Unlimited Video of Andrew Maxwell exploring Derry and Donegal
• Accents and dialects of the UK Speaker: Rita McClaughlin (b. 1940/03/02; female, embroiderer) The British Library Board
• Xpressions of Derry - an interactive galleria which comprises assorted images of Derry architecture, landscape and society.
• Google satellite view of Derry, the Foyle and the Swilly
• Derry City Council
• Derry visitor information
• Derry G.A.A.
• Londonderry Chamber of Commerce
• The Charters of Londonderry and Coleraine, 1613
• Guildhall Press - publisher of the Derry Tourist Guide

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