Also referred to as depression focused groundwater recharge. Groundwater recharge or deep drainage or deep percolation is a hydrologic Process where Water moves downward from Surface water
If water falls uniformly over a field such that field capacity of the soil is not exceeded, then negligible water percolates to groundwater. Field capacity is the amount of Soil moisture or Water content held in Soil after excess water has drained away and the rate of downward movement has materially If instead water puddles in low lying areas, the same water volume concentrated over a smaller area may exceed field capacity and groundwater recharge. The larger the relative contributing runoff area is, the more focused infiltration is. Water tables rise under such depressions.
Depression focused groundwater recharge can be very important in arid regions. More rain events are capable of contributing to groundwater supply.
Depression focused groundwater recharge also profoundly effects contaminant transport into groundwater. Pollution is the introduction of contaminants into an environment that causes instability disorder harm or discomfort to the physical systems or living organisms they are in
Deeper ponding exerts pressure that forces water into the ground faster. Pressure (symbol 'p' is the force per unit Area applied to an object in a direction perpendicular to the surface Faster flow dislodges contaminants otherwise adsorbed on soil and carries them along. This can carry pollution directly to the raised watertable below and into the groundwater supply. The water table is the level at which the ground water pressure is equal to Atmospheric pressure. Thus the quality of water collecting in rapid infiltration basins is of special concern.
Pollution in stormwater runoff collects in retention basins. RUNOFF was the first Computer Text formatting program to see significant use Concentrating degradable contaminants can accelerate biodegradation. Biodegradation is the process by which organic substances are broken down by the enzymes produced by living organisms However, where and when water tables are high this affects appropriate design of detention ponds, retention ponds and rain gardens. A detention basin is an Stormwater management facility installed on or adjacent to tributaries of Rivers Streams Lakes or Bays that A retention basin, is a type of best management practice (BMP that is used to manage Stormwater runoff to prevent Flooding and downstream A rain garden is a planted depression that is designed to absorb rainwater runoff from impervious urban areas like roofs driveways walkways and compacted lawn areas
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