| Department of Colombia | |||||
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| Motto: Tolima Solidario | |||||
| Anthem: Bunde Tolimense | |||||
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| Established | August 4, 1886 |
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| Region | Andes Region | ||||
| Capital | Ibagué | ||||
| Number of Provinces | 6 | ||||
| Governor - Governor's Political Party |
Oscar Barreto Quiroga (2008-) ? |
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| Area Total - Land - Water (% of total) |
Ranked 19 23,562 km² km² km² (%) |
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| Population - Total (2005) - Density |
Ranked 10 1,335,177[1] 56. Colombia is a unitary republic conformed by thirty-two departments ( Spanish: departamentos, sing The Coat of arms of the Department of Tolima is the Coat of arms of the Colombian Department of Tolima. A motto (from the Italian word motto, meaning witticism sentence is a phrase meant to formally describe the general motivation or intention of a social group The term anthem means either a specific form of Anglican church music (in Music theory and religious contexts or more generally a song (or composition of Colombia (kəˈlʌmbɪə officially the Republic of Colombia () is a country in northwestern South America. Events 70 - The Destruction of the Second Temple in Jerusalem by the Romans. Year 1886 ( MDCCCLXXXVI) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Because of its natural structure Colombia can be divided into six very distinct Natural regions. Paisa Region The Andes mountains form the most populated region of Colombia and contain the majority of the country's urban centres Ibagué is the Capital of the department of Tolima in Colombia. A province is a territorial unit almost always an Administrative division. This article lists political parties in Colombia. Colombia has historically maintained a Two-party system, which means that there are two dominant political The question mark (? also known as an interrogation point, question point, query, or eroteme, is a punctuation mark that replaces Area is a Quantity expressing the two- Dimensional size of a defined part of a Surface, typically a region bounded by a closed Curve. List of Colombian Departments by area details the Departments of Colombia by their area In Biology a population is the collection of inter-breeding organisms of a particular Species; in Sociology List of Colombian Departments by population details population of the Departments of Colombia according to a general census taken on 2005 by the Departamento 66/km² |
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| ISO_Code | CO-TOL | ||||
| Government's Website: www.tolima.gov.co |
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Tolima is one of the 32 departments of Colombia, located in the Andean region, in the center-west of the country. ISO 3166-2CO is an ISO standard which defines Geocodes it is the subset of ISO 3166-2 which applies to Colombia. Colombia is a unitary republic conformed by thirty-two departments ( Spanish: departamentos, sing It is bordered on the north and the east by the department of Caldas; on the east by the department of Cundinamarca; on the south by the department of Huila, and on the West by the departments of Cauca, Valle del Cauca, Quindío and Risaralda. Tolima has a surface area of 23,562 km², and its capital is Ibagué. Ibagué is the Capital of the department of Tolima in Colombia. The department of Tolima was created in 1861 from a part of what was previously Cundinamarca. Year 1861 ( MDCCCLXI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common
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History
Indigenous civilization
The Pijaos lived in Tolima during pre-Columbian times. This article is about an ethnic group For the Colombian municipality see Pijao Quindío. The name of the department comes from the Pijao word for "snowed". The Panches, from the Pijao liguistic family, were also settled here, reaching the region beyond the Magdalena valleys. Renown as fiere warriors, the Panches are widely known for fighting the Muisca over the control of Emerald mining territories. Muisca refers to a nation of the Chibchan Culture that formed the Muisca Confederation encountered by the Spanish at the time of the conquest of what is now part Emeralds are a variety of the Mineral Beryl (Be3Al2(SiO36 colored Green by trace amounts They fought against a Spanish-Muisca coallition and were ultimately defeated in the Battle of Tocarema in 1537.
Spanish colonization
Spanish colonization of the region began in 1537 with Sebastián de Belalcázar travelling from the city of Cali to be with his colleague, Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada, in Bogota. Sebastián de Belalcázar (1479 or 1480 to 1551 was a Spanish Conquistador. Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada (1509&ndash1579 was a Spanish explorer and Conquistador in Colombia. On its way, Belarcázar founds the first establishment that would become the present Ibagué. Belarcázar traveled until he reached the site of Flandes in Tolima before arriving at Bogota. Flandes is a town and municipality in the Tolima department of Colombia. The definitive foundation began with Captain Andrés Lopez de Galarza who founded the city of Ibagué and site on which the municipality of Cajamarca would be based, in the west of the department. Cajamarca is a town and municipality in the Tolima Department of Colombia. These two cities would become an important part of the "coffee axis".
Demographics
- Mestizos & Whites (94. 46%) * majority are racially mixed but there is a high percentage of whites
- Amerindian or Indigenous (4. 32%)
- Black(1. 22%)
- Gypsys (0. 00%)
Geography
Physiography
In the Tolima region, three great regions can be distinguished: a mountainous region, occupied by the Cordillera Central, a plain, that corresponds to the valleys of the rivers Magdalena and Saldaña; and another region to the southeast which forms the western slope of the Cordillera Oriental, which contains the source of the Cabrera river. See also Geography of Colombia The Cordillera Central range is one of the three branches of ridges in the Andes Mountains that split in southern The Cordillera Oriental is one of three main mountain ranges that divides the Cordillera in the Andes Mountains of Colombia.
Hydrography
The territory of Tolima is traversed from the south to north by the Magdalena River, of which the main rivers of the Tolima are tributary. Other rivers are the Saldaña river, the Cabrera, Coello, the Tetuán, the Gualí, the Rio Recio, and the Rio Prado. In this one last one is the dam of the same name, the largest fresh water lake of the center of the country and an important Colombian tourist center.
Economy
The economy of the Tolima is based on agriculture.
Industry in Tolima, as has been happening to the whole country, has been declining in its proportion of GDP, while services gain more importance, a phenomenon known as deindustrialization. Within the sector services Tolima excels in commerce, public administration, other services to the community and "reparaciones", which contribute respectively 11. 2% and 9. 1% of the GIP.
The GDP per inhabitant in Tolima, registered during 2002 a reduction of 0. 4% in constant prices.
According to the results of the DANE census, the department of Tolima registered between the years of 2001 and 2002 a diminution, to constant prices, of 0. 1% in its GDP, falling from Col$2. 05 trillion in 2001 to Col$2. 04 trillion in 2002. The result is explained by the fact that traditional sectors within the economic structure of the department such as the coffee registered a reduction of 22. 4%, reducing 2 percentage points to the total variation, and others did not have important growth or presented/displayed diminutions in its added values. So it is the case of the activity branches: transport, commerce and repairs, industry and electricity gas and water, which jointly reduced 1. 7 percentage points to the variation, whereas other services, rights and taxes, construction and farming rest, forestry and 3. 6 percentage points fish were the branches with greater positive contribution to the variation of the GDP when contributing.
Culture
- Music and the Arts
Music is the distinguishing cultural expression of Tolima. Its capital, Ibagué, is well-known as "the musical city of Colombia", and is home to one of the nation's classic conservatoriums. The department also is famous for the Fiestas of San Pedro in Espinal, San Juan in Natagaima and in Ibagué, the Colombian Folkloric Festival and the "Concurso de duetos garzón Y Collazos". Espinal is a town and municipality in the Tolima department of Colombia. Natagaima is a town and municipality in the Tolima department of Colombia, on the shore of the Magdalena River at 326 meters over the sea level
Tolima has produced many poets: Arturo Camacho Ramíez, Juan Lozano y Lozano, Diego Fallon, William Ospina, Martín Pomala, Luz Stella; painters: Darío Jiménez, Jorge Elías Triana, Darío Ortiz Robledo, Carlos Granada, Julio Fajardo; historians Eduardo Santa, Gonzalo Sanchez, Hermes Tovar Pinzón, Hernán Clavijo, Darío Ortiz Vidales.
- Gastronomy
The department is also widely recognised for its autochthonous cuisine. Famous regional dishes include the Tamal Tolimense, a corn-and-yellow pea-based paste with pork, egg, chicken and vegetable filling, wrapped around a plantain leaf; the Lechona, a yellow pea-and-meat-stuffed pork; Empanadas, small potato, rice and meat stuffed pastries, made with corn dough; Achiras (although not exclusively from this deparmnent) and Bizcocho calentano, smaller flour pastries; and Quesillo, a type of cheese wrapped in a plantain leaf. Lechona is a popular Colombian dish, similar in style to many other South American dishes Quesillo ( Spanish word for little cheese) refers to different Latin American food or dishes depending on the country Dominican Republic In the Drinks include the Avena, a cold oatmea-based drink.
- Other
Tolima gave to the country ten presidents: Domingo Caycedo, José María Melo, Manuel Murillo Toro, José María Rojas Garrido, Miguel Abadía Méndez, Alfonso López Michelsen, Darío Echandía, Carlos Lozano y Lozano, Gabriel París, and Deogracias Fonseca. Domingo de Caycedo y Sanz de Santamaría ( August 4, 1783 in Santa Fe de Bogotá – July 1, 1843 in Santa Fe de Bogotá José María Dionisio Melo y Ortiz ( October 9, 1800 – June 1, 1860) was a Colombian general and politician of Pijao Manuel Murillo Toro (1816 - 1880 was a Colombian Political figure. Miguel Abadía Méndez (1867 – 1947 was the President of Colombia for one 4-year term from August 10, 1926 to August 10, Alfonso López Michelsen ( June 30, 1913 in Bogotá – July 11, 2007 in Bogotá, DC) was a Colombian Darío Echandía (1897 - 1989 was a Lawyer and a Colombian Political figure, as a member of the Colombian Liberal Party.
Government
Municipalities
The Departament of Tolima groups its municipalities into six provinces, Norte; Oriente, Sur, Ibagué, Suroriente, and Nevados
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References
- ^ http://www.dane.gov.co/files/censo2005/regiones/tolima/tolima.pdf Population Statistics by DANE
External links
- (Spanish) Government of Tolima official website
- (Spanish) Travel Site of Melgar, one of the most turistic places of Tolima
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