Denim is a rugged cotton twill textile, in which the weft passes under two (twi- "double") or more warp fibers. Cotton is a soft staple Fibre that grows around the seeds of the cotton plant ( Gossypium sp Twill is a type of fabric woven with a pattern of diagonal parallel ribs A textile is a flexible material comprised of a network of natural or artificial Fibres often referred to as thread or Yarn. WEFT Champaign 901FM is a Community radio station in Champaign Illinois, founded in 1981 and owned by Prairie Air Inc In Weaving, the warp is the set of lengthwise Yarns through which the Weft is woven This produces the familiar diagonal ribbing identifiable on the reverse of the fabric, which distinguishes denim from cotton duck. Cotton duck (from Dutch doek," Linen Canvas " also simply duck, sometimes duck cloth or duck canvas Denim has been in American usage since the late eighteenth century. [1] The word comes from the name of a sturdy fabric called serge, originally made in Nîmes, France, by the Andre family. Serge is a type of Twill fabric that has diagonal lines or ridges on both sides made with a two-up two-down Weave. Nîmes ( Provençal Occitan: Nimes in both classical and Mistralian norms is a city in southern France. Originally called serge de Nîmes, the name was soon shortened to denim. Nîmes ( Provençal Occitan: Nimes in both classical and Mistralian norms is a city in southern France. [2] Denim was traditionally colored blue with indigo dye to make blue "jeans," though "jean" then denoted a different, lighter cotton textile; the contemporary use of jean comes from the French word for Genoa, Italy (Gênes), where the first denim trousers were made. Indigo dye is Dye with a distinctive blue color (see Indigo) The chemical compound that constitutes the indigo dye is called indigotin Jeans are Trousers made from Denim. Mainly designed for work, they became popular among Teenagers starting in the 1950s. Genoa ( Genova, ˈdʒɛːnova in Italian; Zena in Genoese and Ligurian; Genua in Latin and archaically in English Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest
A similarly woven traditional American cotton textile is the diagonal warp-striped hickory cloth that was once associated with railroadmen's overalls, in which blue or black contrasting with undyed white threads form the woven pattern. Hickory cloth was characterized as being as rugged as hickory wood—not to mention the fact that it was deemed to be worn mainly by "hicks"—although neither may be the origin of that term [from a nickname for "Richard"]. Trees in the genus Carya (from Ancient Greek κάρυον " Nut " are commonly known as Hickory. Records of a group of New Yorkers headed for the California gold fields in 1849 show that they took along four "hickory shirts" apiece. Hickory cloth would later furnish the material for some "fatigue" pantaloons and shirts in the American Civil War. Causes of the war See also Origins of the American Civil War, Timeline of events leading to the American Civil War The coexistence of a slave-owning South
The word dungarees, to identify heavy cotton pants such as overalls, can be traced to a thick cotton country-made cloth, Dongari Kapar, which was sold in the quarter contiguous to the Dongari Killa, the fort of what was then known as Bombay (Hobson Johnson Dictionary). Distinguish from Overhaul. An overall is a type of Garment which is usually used as Protective clothing when working Mumbai ( Marathi:,, IPA: formerly Bombay, is the capital of the Indian state of Maharashtra and the financial The word entered English with just this meaning in 1696 (OED). The Oxford English Dictionary ( OED) published by the Oxford University Press (OUP is a comprehensive Dictionary of the English Dongri Fort was rebuilt in 1769 as Fort George, Bombay, where the first cotton mill was established in 1854. Dyed in indigo, the traditional cloth was used by Portuguese sailors and cut wide so that the legs could be swiftly rolled up when necessary. Thus, dungarees have a separate history.
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Dry denim
Dry or raw denim, as opposed to washed denim, is a denim fabric that is not washed after being dyed during its production. A textile is a flexible material comprised of a network of natural or artificial Fibres often referred to as thread or Yarn. Over time, denim will generally fade, which is often considered desirable.
Most denim is washed after being crafted into an article of clothing in order to make it softer and to eliminate any shrinkage which could cause an item to not fit after the owner washes it. In addition to being washed, non-dry denim is sometimes artificially "distressed" to achieve a worn-in look.
Much of the appeal of dry denim lies in the fact that with time the fabric will fade in a manner similar to factory distressed denim. With dry denim, however, such fading is affected by the body of the person who wears the jeans and the activities of their daily life. This creates what many enthusiasts feel to be a more natural, unique look than pre-distressed denim.
To facilitate the natural distressing process, some wearers of dry denim will often abstain from washing their jeans for more than six months,[3] though it is not a necessity for fading.
Selvage denim
Selvage denim (also called selvedge denim) is a type of denim which forms a clean natural edge that does not unravel. It is commonly presented in the unwashed or raw state. Typically, the selvage edges will be located along the outseam of the pants, making it visible when cuffs are worn. Although selvage denim is not completely synonymous with unwashed denim, the presence of selvage typically implies that the denim used is a higher quality.
The word "selvage" comes from the phrase "self-edge", the natural edge of a roll of fabric. In a woven fabric the selvage (or selvedge) is the uncut edge of the fabric which is on the right- and left-hand edges as it comes out of the Loom In this case, denim made on old-style shuttle looms. These looms weave fabric with one continuous cross thread (the weft) that is passed back and forth all the way down the length of the bolt. WEFT Champaign 901FM is a Community radio station in Champaign Illinois, founded in 1981 and owned by Prairie Air Inc As the weft loops back into the edge of the denim it creates this “self-edge” or Selvage. Selvage is desirable because the edge can’t fray like lower grade denims that have separate wefts which leave an open edge that must be stitched. Shuttle looming is a more time-consuming weaving process that produces denim of a tighter weave resulting in a heavier weight fabric that lasts.
Shuttle looms weave a more narrow piece of fabric, and thus a longer piece of fabric is required to make a pair of jeans (approximately 3 yards). To maximize yield, traditional jean makers use the fabric all the way to the selvage edge. When the cuff is turned up the two selvage edges, where the denim is sewn together, can be seen. The selvage edge is usually stiched with colored thread: green, white, brown, yellow, and red (red is the most common). Fabric mills used these colors to differentiate between fabrics.
Most selvage jeans today are dyed with synthetic indigo, but natural indigo dye is available in smaller niche denim labels. Indigo dye is Dye with a distinctive blue color (see Indigo) The chemical compound that constitutes the indigo dye is called indigotin Loop dying machines feed a rope of cotton yarn through vats of indigo dye and then back out. The dye is allowed to oxidize before the next dip. Multiple dips create a deep dark indigo blue.
In response to increased demand for jeans in the 1950's, American denim manufacturers replaced the old shuttle style looms with modern projectile looms. The new looms produced fabric faster and wider (60-inches or wider), yet lighter and less durable. Synthetic dyeing techniques along with post-dye treatments were introduced to control shrink and twist.
Uses of denim
Jeans
Fits and types of jeans
Denim clothing
Besides trousers, denim can also be made into:
Denim Remnant
Bonded Logic UltraTouch is a home insulation, to replace fiberglass, made from the remnants of fabric used in making blue jeans. Jeans are Trousers made from Denim. Mainly designed for work, they became popular among Teenagers starting in the 1950s. Bell-bottoms is a Trousers that become wider from the Knees downwards In Fashion design, primarily in Ready-to-wear lines boyfriend is any style for women's clothing that was modified from a corresponding men's garment Cropping refers to the removal of the outer parts of an image to improve Framing, accentuate subject matter or change Aspect ratio. Bell-bottoms is a Trousers that become wider from the Knees downwards Embroidery is the Art or Handicraft of decorating fabric or other Materials with designs stitched in strands of thread or Skinny jeans have a snug fit through the legs and end in a small leg opening " Normal " can refer to several topics including Normality (behavior Normal (mathematics, numerous mathematical concepts Distinguish from Overhaul. An overall is a type of Garment which is usually used as Protective clothing when working "Hot Pants" redirects here For the James Brown song see Hot Pants (song Shorts are a Garment worn by both men and women over A dress (also frock, gown) is a garment consisting of a Skirt with an attached Bodice or with a matching bodice giving the effect of a one-piece A denim skirt, commonly known as a "jean skirt" is a Skirt made of Denim, the same material as Blue jeans. A shirt is a cloth garment for the upper body Originally an item of underwear worn exclusively by men it has become in American English a catch-all term for A jacket is a type of sleeved hip - or Waist -length garment for the upper body A bag (also known as a Sack) is a non- rigid or semi-rigid container made of Paper, Cloth, Plastic, Leather, Capri Pants ( "capris") are a style of Pants usually worn in warm weather "Hot Pants" redirects here For the James Brown song see Hot Pants (song Shorts are a Garment worn by both men and women over Daisy Dukes are extremely short form-fitting denim cut-off Jeans Shorts, usually portrayed as being worn by young women and girls in the American South
Jeans Beetle
Between 1973 and 1975 Volkswagen produced the Jeans Beetle which had all-denim trim. The Volkswagen Beetle, officially known as the type 1 and originally called ‘Käfer’ is an Economy car produced by the German auto maker Volkswagen They also repeated this concept in some later models. [2]
See also
Notes
- ^ In 1789 George Washington toured a Beverly, Massachusetts, factory producing machine-woven cotton denim. Denim is a shade of Blue that resembles the shade of blue used in Denim. Designer jeans are high-fashion Jeans that are marketed as Status symbols. Jeans are Trousers made from Denim. Mainly designed for work, they became popular among Teenagers starting in the 1950s. Stone washing is a textiles manufacturing process typically utilized by the fashion industry in order to give a newly-assembled cloth garments a worn-out appearance (Massachusetts Foundation for the Humanities: Mass Moments).
- ^ "Levi Strauss had the canvas made into waist overalls. Miners liked the pants, but complained that they tended to chafe. Levi Strauss substituted a twilled cotton cloth from France called "serge de Nimes. " The fabric later became known as denim and the pants were nicknamed blue jeans. " In French of Nimes or De Nimes shortened to Denim[1]
- ^ Nudie Jeans Co. - Take care of your jeans
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