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Demographics or demographic data refers to selected population characteristics as used in government, marketing or opinion research, or the demographic profiles used in such research. In popular usage "marketing" is the promotion of products especially Advertising and Branding However in professional usage the term has a wider meaning of A demographic or demographic profile is a term used in Marketing and Broadcasting, to describe a demographic grouping or a Market Note the distinction from the term "demography" (see below. Demography is the statistical study of all Populations. It can be a very general science that can be applied to any kind of dynamic population that is one that changes over ) Commonly-used demographics include race, age, income, disabilities, mobility (in terms of travel time to work or number of vehicles available), educational attainment, home ownership, employment status, and even location. Distributions of values within a demographic variable, and across households, are both of interest, as well as trends over time. Demographics are frequently used in economic and marketing research. Economics is the social science that studies the production distribution, and consumption of goods and services. Marketing research or market research is a form of business research and is generally divided into two categories consumer market research and business-to-business (B2B market research which

Demographic trends describe the changes in demographics in a population over time. For example, the average age of a population may increase. It may decrease as well as certain restrictions may be in place, for instance like in China if the population is high.

The term demographics as a noun is often used erroneously in place of demography, the study of human population, its structure and change. Demography is the statistical study of all Populations. It can be a very general science that can be applied to any kind of dynamic population that is one that changes over In Biology a population is the collection of inter-breeding organisms of a particular Species; in Sociology Although there is no absolute delineation, demography focuses on population structure, processes and dynamics, whereas demographics is most often used in the fields of media studies, advertising, marketing, and polling, and should not be used interchangeably with the term "demography" or (more broadly) "population studies".

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Demographic variables

Demographic Marketers and other social profilers often group populations into categories based on demographic variables. Demographic marketers use Demographics in marketing research and the assessment of the changing trends of Consumer behavior. Some frequently used demographic variables are:

Demographic profiles in marketing

Marketers typically combine several variables to define a demographic profile. Ageing or aging (American English is the accumulation of changes in an organism An organism's sex is defined by the gametes it produces males produce male gametes (spermatozoa or Sperm) while females produce female gametes (ova or Egg cells; individual Gender comprises a range of differences between men and women extending from the biological to the social The term race or racial group usually refers to the concept of categorizing Humans into Populations or groups on the basis of various sets Education encompasses both the Teaching and Learning of Knowledge, proper conduct, and technical competency Socioeconomics or socio-economics is the study of the relationship between economic activity and Social life. Income, refers to consumption opportunity gained by an entity within a specified time frame which is generally expressed in monetary terms A religion is a set of Tenets and practices often centered upon specific Supernatural and moral claims about Reality, the Cosmos NOTICE TO WOULD-BE ROMEOS ************** Property is any physical or virtual entity that is owned by an individual A language is a dynamic set of visual auditory or tactile Symbols of Communication and the elements used to manipulate them Sexual orientation is believed to refer to "an enduring pattern of emotional romantic and/or sexual attractions to men women or both sexes A demographic or demographic profile is a term used in Marketing and Broadcasting, to describe a demographic grouping or a Market A demographic profile (often shortened to "a demographic") provides enough information about the typical member of this group to create a mental picture of this hypothetical aggregate. For example, a marketer might speak of the single, female, middle-class, age 18 to 24 demographic. Female (♀ is the Sex of an Organism, or a part of an organism which produces ova (egg cells The middle class, in colloquial usage consists of those who have some economic independence but not a great deal of social Influence or power.

Marketing researchers typically have two objectives in this regard: first to determine what segments or subgroups exist in the overall population; and secondly to create a clear and complete picture of the characteristics of a typical member of each of these segments. Once these profiles are constructed, they can be used to develop a marketing strategy and marketing plan. A marketing strategy is a process that can allow an organization to concentrate its limited resources on the greatest opportunities to increase sales and achieve a sustainable competitive A marketing plan is a written document that details the necessary actions to achieve one or more marketing objectives

Generational cohorts

A generational cohort has been defined as "the aggregation of individuals (within some population definition) who experience the same event within the same time interval". [1] The notion of a group of people bound together by the sharing of the experience of common historical events due to their birth in a particular period of time was first introduced by Karl Mannheim in the early 1920s. Karl Mannheim ( March 27, 1893, Budapest – January 9, 1947, London) or Mannheim Károly in the original writing Today the concept has found its way into popular culture through well known epitomes like "baby boomer" and "gen-Xer".

Cohorts in the United States

A study by William Strauss and Neil Howe, in their books Generations and Fourth Turning, looked at generational similarities and differences going back to the 15th century and concluded that over 80 year spans, generations proceed through 4 stages of about 20 years each. Strauss and Howe ( William Strauss and Neil Howe) are authors and speakers known for their theories about a recurrent cycle of Generations in history "Generations Baby Boomers their Parents & their Children" is a 1997 book by Hugh Mackay describing three Australian generations. The first phase consists of times of relative crisis and the people born during this period were called "artists". The next phase was a "high" period and those born in this period were called "prophets". The next phase was an "awakening period" and people born in this period were called "nomads". The final stage was the "unraveling period" and people born in this period were called "heroes". The most recent "high period" occurred in the 50s and 60s (hence baby boomers are the most recent crop of "prophets").

The most definitive recent study of US generational cohorts was done by Schuman and Scott (1989) in 1985 in which a broad sample of adults of all ages were asked, "What world events over the past 50 years were especially important to them?"[2] They found that 33 events were mentioned with great frequency. When the ages of the respondents were correlated with the expressed importance rankings, seven distinct cohorts became evident. Today the following descriptors are frequently used for these cohorts:

U. Unemployment occurs when a person is available to work and currently seeking work but the person is without work. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including Cold War is the state of conflict tension and competition that existed between the United States and the Soviet Union (USSR and their respective allies from the McCarthyism is a term describing the intense anti-communist suspicion in the United States in a period that lasted roughly from the late 1940s to the late 1950s Conservatism is a term used to describe political philosophies that favour Tradition, where tradition refers to various religious cultural or nationally defined Baby boomer is a term used to describe a person who was born during the Post-World War II baby boom between 1946 and 1964 AssassiNation is the sixth album by Krisiun, released in 2006 on Century Media. John Fitzgerald "Jack" Kennedy (May 29 1917&ndashNovember 22 1963 often referred to by his initials JFK, was the thirty-fifth President of Robert Francis "Bobby" Kennedy (November 20 1925 – June 6 1968 also called RFK, was the United States Attorney General from 1961 to 1964 and a Martin Luther King Jr ( January 15, 1929 April 4, 1968) was an American clergyman, Activist and prominent leader The Vietnam War, also known as the Second Indochina War, or the Vietnam Conflict, occurred in Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia See also Protests of 1968 Historically the civil rights movement was a concentrated period of time around the world of approximately twenty years (1960-1980 in The Watergate scandals were a series of Political scandals during the presidency of Richard Nixon that resulted in the Indictment of several of Nixon's Generation X is a term used to describe generations in the United States and other countries born between the approximate years of 1965 to 1981 the late 1950s and 1960s or The Iran-Contra affair was a political scandal which was revealed in November 1986 as a result of earlier events during the Reagan administration. Reaganomics (a portmanteau of "Reagan" and "economics" refers to the Economic policies promoted by United States President Ronald Generation Y, sometimes referred to as " Millennials " or " Echo Boomers " is a cohort of individuals born in possible starting years The Internet is a global system of interconnected Computer networks For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Iraq topics. S. Demographic birth cohorts

Main article: Demographics of the United States

The US Census Bureau generally considers the following demographic birth cohorts based on birth rate, which is statistically measurable:

Subdivided groups are present when peak boom years or inverted peak bust years are present, and may be represented by a normal or inverted bell-shaped curve (rather than a straight curve). The United States is an urbanized nation with 808 percent of its population of 305186613 residing in cities and suburbs as of mid-year 2005 A population pyramid, also called age-sex pyramid and age structure diagram, is a graphical illustration that shows the distribution of various age groups in a The normal distribution, also called the Gaussian distribution, is an important family of Continuous probability distributions applicable in many fields The boom subdivided cohorts may be considered as "pre-peak" (including peak year) and "post-peak". The year 1957 was the baby boom peak with 4. 3 million births and 122. 7 fertility rate. Although post-peak births (such as trailing edge boomers) are in decline, and sometimes referred to as a "bust", there are still a relative large number of births. The dearth-in-birth bust cohorts include those up to the valley birth year, and those including and beyond, leading up to the subsequent normal birth rate.

From the decline in birth rates starting in 1958 and the introduction of the birth control pill in 1960, the Baby Boomer normal distribution curve is negatively skewed. In Probability theory and Statistics, skewness is a measure of the asymmetry of the Probability distribution of a real -valued The trend in birth rates from 1958 to 1961 show a tendency to end late in the decade at approximately 1969, thus returning to pre-WWII levels, with 12 years of rising and 12 years of declining birth rates. Pre-war birth rates were defined as anywhere between 1939 and 1941 by demographers such as the Taeuber's, Philip M. Hauser and William Fielding Ogburn. William Fielding Ogburn, ( June 29[[ 886]]— April 27[[ 959]] was an American Sociologist who was born in Butler Georgia and died [1] From 1962 to 1964, trend analysis points to 1965 as being the first year to return to baseline birth rates, possibly referring to this cohort as "Generation X".

Criticisms and qualifications of demographic profiling

Demographic profiling is essentially an exercise in making generalizations about groups of people. As with all such generalizations many individuals within these groups will not conform to the profile - demographic information is aggregate and probabilistic information about groups, not about specific individuals. Critics of demographic profiling argue that such broad-brush generalizations can only offer such limited insight that their practical usefulness is debatable. However, if the conclusions drawn are statistically valid and reproduceable, these criticisms are not as well founded.

Most demographic information is also culturally based. The generational cohort information above, for example, applies primarily to North America (and to a lesser extent to Western Europe) and it may be unfruitful to generalise conclusions more widely.

See also

References

  1. ^ Ryder, N. In popular usage "marketing" is the promotion of products especially Advertising and Branding However in professional usage the term has a wider meaning of Economics is the social science that studies the production distribution, and consumption of goods and services. This is a list of marketing topics. Marketing fundamentals ] Consumer Business Marketing Consumer behavior is the study of how people buy what they buy when they buy and why they buy Marketing research or market research is a form of business research and is generally divided into two categories consumer market research and business-to-business (B2B market research which Since the Renaissance, Europe has had a dominating influence in culture economics and social movements in the world A market segment is a subgroup of people or organizations sharing one or more characteristics that cause them to have similar product needs Strategic Workforce Planning involves analyzing and forecasting the talent that companies need to execute their business strategy proactively rather than reactively it is a critical The General Social Survey ( GSS) is a survey used to collect Data on Demographic characteristics and attitudes of residents of the United The German General Social Survey ( GGSS/ALLBUS - Die Allgemeine Bevölkerungsumfrage der Sozialwissenschaften is a national Data generation program in Germany The German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP is a longitudinal panel dataset of the population in Germany. , The cohort as a concept in the study of social change, presented at the 1959 annual meeting of the American Sociological Association.
  2. ^ Schuman, H. and Scott, J. (1989), Generations and collective memories, American Psychological Review, vol. 54, 1989, pp. 359-81.

External links

Dictionary

demographics

-noun

  1. the characteristics of human populations for purposes of social studies
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