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Socialism  v • d • e 
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Religious socialism
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Democratic socialism advocates socialism as a basis for the economy and democracy as a governing principle. Socialism refers to a broad set of economic theories of social organization advocating state or collective ownership and administration of the Means of production and distribution African socialism is a belief in sharing economic resources in a "traditional" African way as distinct from classical Socialism. Arab Socialism (الاشتراكية العربية al-ishtirākīya al-‘arabīya) is a political ideology based on an amalgamation of Pan-Arabism and Communism is a Socioeconomic structure that promotes the establishment of an egalitarian, classless, stateless Society based De Leonism, occasionally known as Marxism-Deleonism, is a form of Marxism developed by Daniel De Leon. Eco-socialism, Green socialism or Socialist ecology is an Ideology merging aspects of Marxism, Socialism, Green politics Guild socialism is a political movement advocating workers' control of industry through the medium of trade-related Guilds. Libertarian socialism is a group of political philosophies that aim to create a society without political economic or social hierarchies – a society in which all violent Market socialism is a term used to denote two different Economic system (s based in Socialism which operate according to Market principles The term revolutionary socialism refers to Socialist tendencies that advocate the need for fundamental social change through Revolution, as a strategy to achieve a Social anarchism, socialist anarchism, anarcho-socialism, anarchist socialism or Communitarian anarchism,(sometimes used interchangeably with Social democracy is a Political ideology of the left and centre-left A socialist market economy is an economic form that is practiced in the People's Republic of China, where it is called Socialism with Chinese characteristics Utopian socialism is a term used to define the first currents of modern socialist thought Religious socialism is a Term used to describe forms of Socialism that are based on Religious values. Buddhist socialism is a Political ideology which advocates Socialism based on the principles of Buddhism. Christian socialism generally refers to those on the Christian left whose politics are both Christian and Socialist and who see these two philosophies as Islamic socialism is a term coined by various Muslim leaders to meet the demand for a more spiritual form of Socialism. Criticisms of Socialism range from disagreements over the efficiency of socialist economic and political models to condemnation of states described by themselves The history of socialism, sometimes termed 'modern socialism' finds its origins in the French Revolution of 1789 and the changes brought about by the Industrial Revolution Socialist economics is a broad and sometimes controversial term The term socialist state (or socialist republic, or workers' state) can carry one of several different (but related meanings In strictly speaking any Since the 18th century Socialist ideas have developed and separated into many different types of socialism. The following is a list of self-identified Socialists divided by geographical location The International Workingmen's Association (IWA, sometimes called the First International, was an international socialist organization which aimed at uniting a variety The Second International (1889-1916 was an organization of socialist and labour parties formed in Paris on July 14, 1889. The Comintern ( Com munist Intern ational also known as the Third International) was an international Communist organisation founded in Moscow The Fourth International ( FI) is a communist international organisation working in opposition to both Capitalism and Stalinism. Socialist International is a worldwide organization of socialist ( social democratic and labour) political parties The World Federation of Democratic Youth (WFDY is a left-wing youth organization recognized by the United Nations as an international youth Non-governmental organization The International Union of Socialist Youth (IUSY encompasses socialist, Social democratic and Labour Party youth organizations from more than 100 states Anarchism is a Political philosophy encompassing theories and attitudes which support the elimination of all compulsory Government, i Worker self-management (or autogestion) is a form of workplace decision-making in which the workers themselves agree on choices (for issues like customer care general production Class struggle is the active expression of Class conflict looked at from any kind of socialist perspective Democracy is a form of government in which the supreme power is held completely by the people under a free electoral system The " dictatorship of the proletariat " or workers' state is a term employed by Marxists that refers to what they see as a temporary state between the Egalitarianism (derived from the French word égal, meaning equal) is a political doctrine that holds that all people should be treated as equals and have Equality of outcome or equality of condition is a form of Egalitarianism which seeks to reduce or eliminate differences in material condition between individuals or Impossibilism is an interpretation of Marxism. It emphasizes the limited value of reforms in overturning capitalism and insists on revolutionary political action as the only For the Marxist concept of internationalism see Proletarian internationalism. Marxism is the political philosophy and practice derived from the work of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. A proletarian revolution is a social and/or political Revolution in which the Working class attempts to overthrow the Bourgeoisie. Socialism in One Country was a thesis developed by Nikolai Bukharin in 1925 and adopted as state policy by Joseph Stalin. A trade union or labour union is an organization of workers who have banded together to achieve common goals in key areas such as wages hours and working conditions forming Utilitarianism is the idea that the moral worth of an action is solely determined by its contribution to overall Utility, that is its contribution to happiness Socialism refers to a broad set of economic theories of social organization advocating state or collective ownership and administration of the Means of production and distribution An economy is the realized social system of production exchange distribution and consumption of goods and services of a country or other area Democracy is a form of government in which the supreme power is held completely by the people under a free electoral system In its broadest sense, democratic socialism could refer to attempts to bring about socialism through peaceful democratic means as opposed to violent insurrection. This can sometimes include social democracy. Social democracy is a Political ideology of the left and centre-left

Contents

Basic concept

Socialism is based on the idea that the economy and means of production should be in the hands of ordinary working people,[1] or in older terminology the "working class". Means Of Production is a compilation of Aim 's early 12" and EP releases recorded between 1995 and 1998 Working class is a term used in academic Sociology and in ordinary conversation to describe depending on context and speaker those employed in specific fields or types Democratic socialism involves the entire population controlling the economy through some type of democratic system. * Democracy, a broad article on democracy especially its application in modernity The interrelationship between democracy and socialism extends far back into the socialist movement, with Karl Marx stating, "“Democracy is the road to socialism. ” [2]

Directly contrasting this is what some theorists call State socialism or state capitalism in which a non-democratic state controls the means of production instead of the workers (as in, for example, the Soviet Union during and after Stalin's era). State Socialism is a term introduced to describe the type of government in countries ruled by communist parties such as the former USSR, which are generally known as Communist State capitalism, in its classic meaning is a private capitalist economy under State control The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991 Joseph Stalin ( ნამდვილი გვარი ჯუღაშვილი|Iosif Vissarionovich Dzhugashvili; March 5 1953 was General Secretary of the Communist Party Some authors see democratic socialism as sharing many political ideas with social democracy, while others see them as radically opposed. Social democracy is a Political ideology of the left and centre-left Nevertheless, democratic socialists often share political parties with social democrats, such as the British Labour Party in the 1980s. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located The Labour Party is a Political party in the United Kingdom. Founded at the start of the 20th century it has been since the 1920s the principal party of the The Labour Party is a Political party in the United Kingdom. Founded at the start of the 20th century it has been since the 1920s the principal party of the Democratic socialism is the second-strongest current of socialism in terms of political success in free elections, immediately following social democracy.

Common ideas

Many types of socialism fit the above description, though many employ different methods for socializing the economy. Some common ideas are as follows:

Definition

Democratic socialism is difficult to define, and groups of scholars have radically different definitions for the term. Some equate it to other socioeconomic systems such as libertarian socialism, state socialism, anarchism, or social democracy, while others claim that it is fundamentally different from those ideologies. Libertarian socialism is a group of political philosophies that aim to create a society without political economic or social hierarchies – a society in which all violent State Socialism is a term introduced to describe the type of government in countries ruled by communist parties such as the former USSR, which are generally known as Communist Anarchism is a Political philosophy encompassing theories and attitudes which support the elimination of all compulsory Government, i Social democracy is a Political ideology of the left and centre-left

Among those definitions of democratic socialism which sharply distinguish it from social democracy, Peter Hain, for example, classes democratic socialism, along with libertarian socialism, as a form of anti-authoritarian “socialism from below” (using the term popularised by Hal Draper), in contrast to Stalinism and social democracy, variants of authoritarian state socialism. Social democracy is a Political ideology of the left and centre-left Peter Gerald Hain (born 16 February 1950, Nairobi, Kenya) is a British Labour Party Politician who has Libertarian socialism is a group of political philosophies that aim to create a society without political economic or social hierarchies – a society in which all violent Anti-authoritarianism is opposition to Authoritarianism, which is defined as a "political doctrine advocating the principle of absolute rule absolutism autocracy despotism The Two Souls of Socialism is a socialist Pamphlet written by Hal Draper and published in the journal New Politics in 1966 Hal Draper (1914-1990 was a Third Camp American Socialist activist Marxist and Author, perhaps best known for his role in the Berkeley California Stalinism is the political regime named after Joseph Stalin, leader of the Soviet Union from 1929–1953 Authoritarianism describes a Form of government characterized by an emphasis on the Authority of the State in a republic or union State Socialism is a term introduced to describe the type of government in countries ruled by communist parties such as the former USSR, which are generally known as Communist For him, this democratic/authoritarian divide is more important than the revolutionary/reformist divide. The term revolutionary socialism refers to Socialist tendencies that advocate the need for fundamental social change through Revolution, as a strategy to achieve a Socialist Reformism is the belief that gradual democratic changes in a Society can ultimately change a society's fundamental economic relations and political structures [3] In this definition, it is the active participation of the population as a whole, and workers in particular, in the management of economy that characterises democratic socialism, while nationalisation and economic planning (whether controlled by an elected government or not) are characteristic of state socialism. Nationalization, also spelled nationalisation, is the act of taking an industry or assets into the Public ownership of a national government A planned economy or directed economy is an Economic system in which the Government or Workers' councils manages the Economy. A similar, but more complex, argument is made by Nicos Poulantzas. Nicos Poulantzas ( Νίκος Πουλαντζάς in Greek (1936-1979 was a Greco - French Marxist political sociologist. [4]

In contrast, in other definitions, democratic socialism simply refers to all forms of socialism that follow an electoral, reformist or evolutionary path to socialism, rather than a revolutionary one. Socialist Reformism is the belief that gradual democratic changes in a Society can ultimately change a society's fundamental economic relations and political structures [5]

However, for those who use the term in this way, the scope of the term socialism itself can be very vague, and include forms of socialism compatible with capitalism. Socialism refers to a broad set of economic theories of social organization advocating state or collective ownership and administration of the Means of production and distribution For example, Robert M. Page, a Reader in Democratic Socialism and Social Policy at the University of Birmingham, writes about "transformative democratic socialism" to refer to the politics of the Clement Atlee government (a strong welfare state, fiscal redistribution, some nationalisation) and "revisionist democratic socialism", as developed by Anthony Crosland and Harold Wilson:

”The most influential revisionist Labour thinker, Anthony Crosland. Clement Richard Attlee 1st Earl Attlee, KG, OM, CH, PC ( 3 January 1883 &ndash 8 October 1967 This article refers specifically to the Welfare state of the United Kingdom. Charles Anthony Raven Crosland (29 August 1918 - 19 February 1977 was a member of the Labour Party and an important socialist theorist James Harold Wilson Baron Wilson of Rievaulx, KG, OBE, FRS, PC (11 March 1916 &ndash 24 May 1995 was one of the most prominent British politicians . . , contended that a more ‘benevolent’ form of capitalism had emerged since the [Second World War]. . . According to Crosland, it was now possible to achieve greater equality in society without the need for ‘fundamental’ economic transformation. For Crosland, a more meaningful form of equality could be achieved if the growth dividend derived from effective management of the economy was invested in 'pro-poor' public services rather than through fiscal redistribution. ”[6]

Indeed, some proponents of market socialism see the latter as a form of democratic socialism. Market socialism is a term used to denote two different Economic system (s based in Socialism which operate according to Market principles [7]

A variant of this second set of definitions is Joseph Schumpeter’s argument, set out in Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy (1941) that liberal democracies were evolving from “liberal capitalism” into democratic socialism, with the growth of workers’ self-management, industrial democracy and regulatory institutions. Joseph Alois Schumpeter ( February 8, 1883 &ndash January 8, 1950) was an Economist and Political scientist born in The term "liberal" in "liberal democracy" does not imply that the government of such a democracy must follow the political ideology of Industrial democracy is an arrangement which involves workers making decisions sharing responsibility and Authority in the workplace [8]

Other definitions fall somewhere between the first and second set, seeing democratic socialism as a specific political tradition closely related to and overlapping with social democracy. For example, Bogdan Denitch, in Democratic Socialism defines it as proposing a radical reorganization of the socio-economic order through public ownership, workers’ control of the labour process and redistributive tax policies. [9] Robert G. Picard similarly describes a democratic socialist tradition of thought including Eduard Bernstein, Karl Kautsky, Evan Durbin and Michael Harrington[10] The term democratic socialism can be used to refer to a version of the Soviet model that was reformed in a democratic way. Eduard Bernstein ( January 6 1850 December 18 1932) was a German social democratic theoretician and Karl Kautsky ( October 16 1854 - October 17 1938) was a leading theoretician of Social democracy. Evan Frank Mottram Durbin (1906-1948 was a British economist and left-wing politician whose writings combined a belief in central economic planning with a conviction that the price mechanism Edward Michael Harrington ( February 24, 1928 &ndash July 31, 1989) was an American democratic socialist, writer political For the Soviet republics of the Soviet Union see Republics of the Soviet Union. For example, Mikhail Gorbachev described perestroika as building a “new, humane and democratic socialism”[11] Consequently, some former Communist parties have rebranded themselves as democratic socialist, as with the Party of Democratic Socialism in Germany. Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev ( Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachyov;; born 2 March 1931 in Privolnoye Stavropol Krai) is a Russian politician (Перестройка) is the Russian term (now used in English for the economic reforms introduced in June 1987 by the Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev A Political party described as a communist party includes those that advocate the application of the social principles of Communism through a communist form of This article is about the party before the merger with WASG in 2007

Justification of democratic socialism can be found in the works of social philosophers like Charles Taylor and Axel Honneth, among others. Charles Margrave Taylor (born November 5, 1931) CC GOQ MA DPhil FRSC is a Philosopher from Axel Honneth is a professor of philosophy at the University of Frankfurt Germany and director of the Institut für Sozialforschung ( Institute for Social Research) Honneth has put forward the view that political and economic ideologies have a social basis, that is, they originate from intersubjective communication between members of a society. [12] Honneth criticises the liberal state because it assumes that principles of individual liberty and private property are ahistorical and abstract, when in fact they evolved from a specific social discourse on human activity. This suggests that both people's ideas and their well-being may depend on interaction with others, which is undermined by neoliberal policies that emphasise individual rights and private over public property. Democratic socialism, with its emphasis on collectivism and cooperation between members of a society, could be seen as a way of safeguarding people's integrity. .

History

Forerunners and formative influences

Fenner Brockway, a leading British democratic socialist of the Independent Labour Party, wrote in his book Britain's First Socialists:

The Levellers were pioneers of political democracy and the sovereignty of the people; the Agitators were the pioneers of participatory control by the ranks at their workplace; and the Diggers were pioneers of communal ownership, cooperation and egalitarianism. Archibald Fenner Brockway Baron Brockway ( November 1 1888 &ndash 28 April 1988) was a British anti-war Activist See Independent Labor Party for the Political party in Burundi, Independent Labour Group for the Irish party and Labour candidates See Levellers (disambiguation for alternative meanings. The Levellers were members of a mid 17th century English Political movement Agitator is a term for a person that actively supports some Ideology or movement with speeches and especially actions Workers' control is participation in the management of factories and other enterprises by the people who work there The Diggers were an English group begun by Gerrard Winstanley as True Levellers in 1649, who became known as "Diggers" Distinguish from Corporation. Cooperation, co-operation, or coöperation is the process of working or acting together Egalitarianism (derived from the French word égal, meaning equal) is a political doctrine that holds that all people should be treated as equals and have All three equate to democratic socialism. [13]

The tradition of the Diggers and the Levellers was continued in the period described by EP Thompson in The Making of the English Working Class by Jacobin groups like the London Corresponding Society and by polemicists such as Thomas Paine. Edward Palmer Thompson ( February 3, 1924, Oxford &ndash August 28, 1993, Worcester) was an English historian The Making of the English Working Class is an influential and pivotal work of English social history written by E This page describes the political term "Jacobin" For discussion of the political organization of the French Revolution era see Jacobin Club. London Corresponding Society was a moderate-radical body concentrating on reform of the Parliament of Great Britain in the 1790s Thomas Paine (January 29 1737 &ndash June 8 1809 was an English Pamphleteer, Revolutionary, radical, Inventor, and Intellectual Their concern for both democracy and social justice marks them out as key precursors of democratic socialism. Social justice, sometimes called civil justice, refers to the concept of a Society in which Justice is achieved in every aspect of society rather than

In North America, Henry George promoted the Single Tax Movement, which sought a form of democratic socialism via progressive taxation, with tax only on natural resources. Henry George ( September 2, 1839 &ndash October 29, 1897) was an American Political economist and the most influential proponent of "Georgist" redirects here For the Romanian political group see National Liberal Party-Brătianu. George remained an advocate of the free market for the allocation of all other goods and services. [14]

The British moral philosopher John Stuart Mill also came to advocate a form of economic socialism within a liberal context. Ethics is a major branch of Philosophy, encompassing right conduct and good life John Stuart Mill (20 May 1806 &ndash 8 May 1873 British Philosopher, political economist, civil servant and Member of Parliament, was an influential In later editions of his Principles of Political Economy (1848), Mill would argue that "as far as economic theory was concerned, there is nothing in principle in economic theory that precludes an economic order based on socialist policies. Principles of Political Economy was the most important Economics or Political economy textbook of the mid nineteenth century and was written by John "[15]

The term "socialist" was first used in English in the British Cooperative Magazine in 1827[16] and came to be associated with the followers of Robert Owen, such as the Rochdale Pioneers who founded the co-operative movement. Robert Owen (14 May 1771 – 17 Nov 1858 born in Newtown, Montgomeryshire, Wales was a social reformer and one of the founders of Socialism The Rochdale Society of Equitable Pioneers, founded in 1844 was an early Consumer co-operative, and the first to pay a patronage Dividend, forming the basis for the The history of the cooperative movement concerns the origins and history of Cooperatives Although cooperative arrangements such as Mutual insurance, and principles Owen's followers again stressed both participatory democracy and economic socialisation, in the form of consumer co-operatives, credit unions and mutual aid societies. Participatory democracy is a process emphasizing the broad Participation (decision making of constituents in the direction and operation of political systems A credit union is a Cooperative Financial institution that is owned and controlled by its members and operated for the purpose of promoting thrift providing credit The Chartists similarly combined a working class politics with a call for greater democracy. For chartism in financial markets see Technical analysis, and for the British socialist journal see Chartist (magazine Chartism was The labour movement or labor movement is a broad term for the development of a collective organization of working people, to campaign in their own interest for better

Modern democratic socialism

James Keir Hardie was an early democratic socialist, who founded the Independent Labour Party in the United Kingdom
James Keir Hardie was an early democratic socialist, who founded the Independent Labour Party in the United Kingdom

Democratic socialism became a prominent movement at the end of the nineteenth century. James Keir Hardie (15 August 1856 - 26 September 1915 was a Scottish Socialist and labour leader and was the first independent labour Member of Parliament See Independent Labor Party for the Political party in Burundi, Independent Labour Group for the Irish party and Labour candidates In the US, Eugene Debs, one of the most famous American socialists, led a movement centered around democratic socialism and made five bids for President, once in 1900 under the Social Democratic Party and then four more times under the Socialist Party of America. Eugene Victor Debs (November 5 1855 &ndash October 20 1926 was an American union leader one of the founding members of the International Labor Union and the Industrial The Social Democratic Party (SDP was a short-lived Political party in the United States and a predecessor to the Socialist Party of America. The Socialist Party of America (SPA was a socialist Political party in the United States. The socialist industrial unionism of Daniel DeLeon in the United States represented another strain of early democratic socialism in this period. Daniel De Leon ( December 14, 1852 &ndash May 11, 1914) was a Curaçao -born American socialist and Syndicalism The United States of America —commonly referred to as the It favored a form of government based on industrial unions, but which also sought to establish this government after winning at the ballot box.

In Britain, the democratic socialist tradition was represented in particular by the William Morris' Socialist League (UK) in the 1880s and by the Independent Labour Party (ILP) founded by Keir Hardie in the 1890s, of which George Orwell would later be a prominent member. William Morris (24 March 1834 – 3 October 1896 was an English Architect, Furniture and Textile designer artist writer and socialist associated See Independent Labor Party for the Political party in Burundi, Independent Labour Group for the Irish party and Labour candidates James Keir Hardie (15 August 1856 - 26 September 1915 was a Scottish Socialist and labour leader and was the first independent labour Member of Parliament Eric Arthur Blair (25 June 1903 – 21 January 1950 who used the Pseudonym George Orwell, was an English writer

In other parts of Europe, many democratic socialist parties were united in the International Working Union of Socialist Parties (the "Two and a Half International") in the early 1920s and in the London Bureau (the "Three and a Half International") in the 1930s. The International Working Union of Socialist Parties (IWUSP also known as 2½ International or the Vienna International; German: Internationale Arbeitsgemeinschaft The International Revolutionary Marxist Centre was an international association of left-socialist parties These internationals sought to steer a course between the social democrats of the Second International, who were seen as insufficiently socialist (and had been compromised by their support for World War I), and the perceived anti-democratic Third International. The Second International (1889-1916 was an organization of socialist and labour parties formed in Paris on July 14, 1889. World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All The Comintern ( Com munist Intern ational also known as the Third International) was an international Communist organisation founded in Moscow The key movements within the Two and a Half International were the ILP and the Austromarxists, and the main forces in the Three and a Half International were the ILP and the POUM. Austromarxism was a Marxist theoretical current led by Victor Adler, Otto Bauer, Karl Renner and Max Adler, members of the Social POUM Campesinosjpg|thumb|A POUM poster appeals to peasants "Peasants the land is yours"]]The Workers' Party of Marxist Unification (POUM Spanish: Partido Obrero

In America, a similar tradition continued to flourish in Debs' Socialist Party of America, especially under the leadership of Norman Thomas. The Socialist Party of America (SPA was a socialist Political party in the United States. Norman Mattoon Thomas ( November 20, 1884 &ndash December 19, 1968) was a leading American socialist, pacifist

In the same period, the guild socialism of G. D. H. Cole in the early 1920s was a conscious attempt to envision a socialist alternative to Soviet-style authoritarianism, while council communism articulated democratic socialist positions in several respects, notably through renouncing the vanguard role of the revolutionary party and holding that the system of the Soviet Union was not authentically socialist. Guild socialism is a political movement advocating workers' control of industry through the medium of trade-related Guilds. George Douglas Howard Cole ( 25 September 1889 &ndash 14 January 1959) was an English Political theorist, Economist Authoritarianism describes a Form of government characterized by an emphasis on the Authority of the State in a republic or union Council communism is a Far-left movement originating in Germany and the Netherlands in the 1920s A vanguard party is a Political party at the forefront of a mass action movement or revolution The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991

During India's freedom movement, many figures on the left of the Indian National Congress organized themselves as the Congress Socialist Party. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country The term " Indian independence movement " is diffuse incorporating various national and regional campaigns agitations and efforts of both Nonviolent and Militant Indian National Congress-I (also known as the Congress Party and abbreviated INC) is a major Political party in India. The Congress Socialist Party was founded in 1934 as a Socialist caucus within the Indian National Congress. Their politics, and those of the early and intermediate periods of JP Narayan's career, combined a commitment to the socialist transformation of society with a principled opposition to the one-party authoritarianism they perceived in the Stalinist revolutionary model. Jayaprakash Narayan ( Devanāgarī: जयप्रकाश नारायण October 11, 1902 - October 8, 1979) widely known Stalinism is the political regime named after Joseph Stalin, leader of the Soviet Union from 1929–1953

The folkesocialisme or people's socialism that emerged as a vital current of the left in Scandinavia beginning in the 1950s could be characterized as a democratic socialism in the same vein. Popular Socialism ( Danish: Folkesocialisme) is a distinct Scandinavian socialist current Terminology and usage As a cultural term "Scandinavia" has no official definition and is subject to usage by those who identify with the culture in question as well

Democratic socialism today

There was a strong current of democratic socialism in the politics of the New Left in much of Europe and North America during the 1960s. The New Left were the Left-wing movements in different countries in the 1960s and 1970s that unlike the earlier leftist focus on union activism instead adopted a The classic Port Huron Statement of the Students for a Democratic Society combined a stringent critique of the Stalinist model with calls for a democratic socialist reconstruction of society. The Port Huron Statement is the Manifesto of the American student activist movement Students for a Democratic Society (SDS written primarily by Students for a Democratic Society ( SDS) was historically a student activist movement in the United States that was one of the main iconic representations In 1973, Michael Harrington and Irving Howe formed the Democratic Socialist Organizing Committee, which articulated a democratic socialist message, while a smaller faction associated with peace activist David McReynolds formed the Socialist Party USA. Year 1973 ( MCMLXXIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar of the 1973 Gregorian calendar. Edward Michael Harrington ( February 24, 1928 &ndash July 31, 1989) was an American democratic socialist, writer political Irving Howe ( June 11, 1920 &ndash May 5, 1993) was an American literary and social critic The Democratic Socialist Organizing Committee (DSOC was founded in 1973 by the bulk of those members of the Socialist Party of America who opposed the party's takeover by the David McReynolds (born October 25, 1929) is an American democratic socialist and pacifist activist who described himself as "a peace movement The Socialist Party USA (SP USA is one of the heirs to the Socialist Party of America of Eugene V In the early 1980s, the Democratic Socialist Organizing Committee merged with the New American Movement, an organization of New Left veterans, forming Democratic Socialists of America. The 1980s was the decade spanning from January 1 1980 to December 31 1989. The New American Movement (NAM was founded in 1971 by a group of leaders of Opposition to the Vietnam War to serve as a forum for discussing where and how to redirect their Democratic Socialists of America (DSA is a social democratic organization in the United States and the U In 2006, Bernie Sanders of Vermont became the first self-described democratic socialist to be elected to the United States Senate. Bernard "Bernie" Sanders (born September 8, 1941) is the junior United States Senator from Vermont, elected on November The United States Senate is the Upper house of the bicameral United States Congress, the Lower house being the House of Representatives [17]

In the British Labour Party, the term democratic socialist was used historically by those who identified with the tradition represented by the ILP: the "soft left" of non-Marxist socialists around Tribune magazine (e. The Labour Party is a Political party in the United Kingdom. Founded at the start of the 20th century it has been since the 1920s the principal party of the The soft left was the name given to the more moderate left wing forces in the British Labour Party in the 1980s Tribune is a Democratic socialist weekly currently a magazine though in the past more often a newspaper published in London. g. Michael Foot) and some of the "hard left" in the Campaign Group around Tony Benn. Michael Mackintosh Foot (born 23 July 1913 is a British politician and writer ' Hard left' is a name often given to an internal tendency within the British Labour Party. The Socialist Campaign Group is a Left-wing grouping of Labour Party Members of Parliament in the United Kingdom. Anthony "Tony" Neil Wedgwood Benn (born 3 April 1925 formerly 2nd Viscount Stansgate, is a British Socialist Politician. The Campaign Group, along with the extra-Labour Party Socialist Society (led by Raymond Williams and others) formed the Socialist Movement in 1987, which now produces the magazine Red Pepper. The Socialist Society was founded in 1981 by a group of British Socialists, including Raymond Williams and Ralph Miliband, who founded it as an organisation Raymond Henry Williams ( 31 August 1921 &ndash 26 January 1988) was a Welsh academic Novelist and Critic. The Socialist Movement was an independent Left-wing grouping in the United Kingdom that grew out the Socialist Conferences Year 1987 ( MCMLXXXVII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link displays 1987 Gregorian calendar) Red Pepper is an independent ‘red green and radical ’ magazine based in the UK

Today in Germany there is a more left wing party called the "Party of Democratic Socialism" which takes the label of democratic socialism, while another more centrist party called the "Social Democratic Party of Germany" is the leading left wing German party that has held government. Politics of Germany takes place in a framework of a federal parliamentary representative democratic Republic, whereby the Federal Chancellor This article is about the party before the merger with WASG in 2007 The British Labour party is a "democratic socialist party" according to its constitution. The Labour Party is a Political party in the United Kingdom. Founded at the start of the 20th century it has been since the 1920s the principal party of the [18] Both the German SPD and British Labour party belong to the Party of European Socialists grouping in the European Parliament. The Party of European Socialists (PES is a European political party comprising of thirty-three socialist, social democratic and labour The European Parliament ( Europarl or EP) is the only directly elected parliamentary institution of the European Union (EU

In Latin America there has been a dramatic rise in support for democratic socialism since the 1998 election of Hugo Chavez as president of Venezuela. Year 1998 ( MCMXCVIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar) Hugo Rafael Chávez Frías (ˈuɰo rafaˈel ˈtʃaβ̞es ˈfɾias (born July 28 1954 is the current President of Venezuela. Venezuela (ˌvɛnəˈzweɪlə) officially the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela (Spanish República Bolivariana de Venezuela) is a country on the In Venezuela the Bolivarian Revolution was launched with the goal of redistributing wealth from rich to poor and improve living standards for the nation's impoverished via the government's numerous widespread Bolivarian Missions. The “Bolivarian Revolution” refers to a mass social movement and political process in Venezuela. The Bolivarian Missions are a series of social justice social welfare anti-poverty educational electoral and military recruiting programs implemented under the administration of the There have been noticeable improvements in areas such as housing, wage levels, literacy, education opportunities and healthcare availability; however, like the rest of Latin America a large gap between a rich minority and an extremely poor majority continues to exist. Bolivians elected their nation's first indigenous president, Evo Morales, another democratic socialist and a close ally of Venezuela, in 2005. The Republic of Bolivia (República de Bolivia) named after Simón Bolívar, is a Landlocked country in central South America. Juan Evo Morales Ayma (born October 26 1959 in Orinoca, Oruro) popularly known as Evo (ˈeβo is the President of Bolivia since Democratic socialism is a description used by various socialist movements tendencies and organizations to emphasize the democratic character of their political orientation Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Morales ran for office on an agenda centered around nationalization of the oil industry and protection of the nation's coca industry. In Nicaragua the Sandinistas made an electoral come back in 2006, this being the second time their leader, Daniel Ortega has been elected president of Nicaragua. Nicaragua (ˌnɪkəˈrɑgwə officially the Republic of Nicaragua () is a representative democratic republic and the largest nation in Central America The Sandinista National Liberation Front ( Frente Sandinista de Liberación Nacional) is a socialist Nicaraguan Political party. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. José Daniel Ortega Saavedra (xoˈse ðanjεl ɔrteγa saˈβeðra(born 11 November 1945 is the current President of Nicaragua. The position of President of Nicaragua was created in the Constitution of 1854 The Sandinistas have also promised a greater redistribution of wealth to those in poverty. Also in Ecuador in 2007 Rafael Correa won the election and openly declared that he wishes to build socialism for the 21st century. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Ecuador topics. Rafael Vicente Correa Delgado (born 6 April 1963 in Guayaquil) is the President of the Republic of Ecuador.

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Social Democracy Versus Revolutionary Democratic Socialism by J. This is a list of parties and organizations that are either explicitly democratic socialist or include significant numbers of democratic socialist members (although many do not specifically Libertarian socialism is a group of political philosophies that aim to create a society without political economic or social hierarchies – a society in which all violent Luxemburgism (also written Luxembourgism) is a specific revolutionary theory within Communism, based on the writings of Rosa Luxemburg. Neosocialism was a political trend represented in France during the 1930s and in Belgium, which included several revisionist tendencies in the SFIO Participatory democracy is a process emphasizing the broad Participation (decision making of constituents in the direction and operation of political systems The term revolutionary socialism refers to Socialist tendencies that advocate the need for fundamental social change through Revolution, as a strategy to achieve a Sewer Socialism was a term originally more or less Pejorative, for the American Socialist movement that centered in Milwaukee Wisconsin, and Social democracy is a Political ideology of the left and centre-left For the Soviet republics of the Soviet Union see Republics of the Soviet Union. The third camp, also known as third camp socialism or third camp Trotskyism, is a branch of Socialism which aims to support neither Capitalism Yellow socialism has two meanings It is primarily a system of government devised by Pierre Biétry in 1904 that offers the working classes a contrasting alternative to "red David Edelstein.
  2. ^ http://www.notable-quotes.com/d/democracy_quotes.html
  3. ^ Peter Hain Ayes to the Left Lawrence and Wishart
  4. ^ Towards a Democratic Socialism ‘’New Left Review’’ I/109, May-June 1978
  5. ^ This definition is captured in this statement: Anthony Crosland “argued that the socialisms of the pre-war world (not just that of the Marxists, but of the democratic socialists too) were now increasingly irrelevant. Peter Gerald Hain (born 16 February 1950, Nairobi, Kenya) is a British Labour Party Politician who has Charles Anthony Raven Crosland (29 August 1918 - 19 February 1977 was a member of the Labour Party and an important socialist theorist ” (Chris Pierson “Lost property: What the Third Way lacks” ’’Journal of Political Ideologies’’ (June 2005), 10(2), 145–163 URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13569310500097265). Other texts which use the terms “democratic socialism” in this way include Malcolm Hamilton ’’Democratic Socialism in Britain and Sweden’’ (St Martin’s Press 1989).
  6. ^ Robert M Page “Without a Song in their Heart: New Labour, the Welfare State and the Retreat from Democratic Socialism” Jnl Soc. Pol. , 36, 1, 19–37 2007.
  7. ^ For example, David Miller Market, State, and Community: Theoretical Foundations of Market Socialism (Oxford University Press, 1990).
  8. ^ See John Medearis “Schumpeter, the New Deal, and Democracy” The American Political Science Review 1997
  9. ^ Bogdan Denitch, Democratic Socialism: The Mass Left in Advanced Industrial Societies (Allanheld, Osmun, 1981)
  10. ^ The Press and the Decline of Democracy: Democratic Socialist Response in Public Policy (1985 Praeger/Greenwood)
  11. ^ Paul T. Christensen “Perestroika and the Problem of Socialist Renewal” Social Text 1990
  12. ^ Honneth, Axel (1995), “The Limits of Liberalism: On the Political-Ethical Discussion Concerning Communitarianism”, in Honneth, Axel, The Fragmented World of the Social, Albany: State University of New York Press, pp. Axel Honneth is a professor of philosophy at the University of Frankfurt Germany and director of the Institut für Sozialforschung ( Institute for Social Research) 231-247, ISBN 0-7914-2300-X 
  13. ^ Quoted in Peter Hain Ayes to the Left Lawrence and Wishart, p. Peter Gerald Hain (born 16 February 1950, Nairobi, Kenya) is a British Labour Party Politician who has 12
  14. ^ "Taxes: What Are They Good For?" Henry George Institute. Accessed 17 March 2008.
  15. ^ Wilson, Fred. "John Stuart Mill." Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, 10 July 2007. Accessed 17 March 2008.
  16. ^ Hain, op cit, p. 13
  17. ^ Borger, Julian. "Democrats pile pressure on Bush as glitches hit US poll", Guardian, 2006-11-08. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1519 - Hernán Cortés enters Tenochtitlán and Aztec ruler Moctezuma welcomes him with great a Celebration Retrieved on 2006-11-08. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1519 - Hernán Cortés enters Tenochtitlán and Aztec ruler Moctezuma welcomes him with great a Celebration  
  18. ^ Clause IV, Labour Party Constitution. "The Labour Party is a democratic socialist party. It believes that by the strength of our common endeavour we achieve more than we achieve alone. . . "

References

External links

Dictionary

democratic socialism

-noun

  1. A radical left-wing political philosophy that aims to achieve by democratic means a fully socialist society i.e. where private ownership has been displaced in predominance by collective or public ownership.
  2. Any form of socialism based on democratic principles and institutions.
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