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The Defense Production Act (Pub.L. 81-774) is a United States law enacted on September 8, 1950, in response to the start of the Korean War. Public law is a theory of law governing the relationship between Individuals ( Citizens companies) and the State. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Events 70 - Roman forces under Titus sack Jerusalem. 1264 - The Statute of Kalisz Year 1950 ( MCML) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Korean War refers to a period of military conflict between North Korean and South Korean regimes with major hostilities lasting from June 25 1950 until the It was part of a broad civil defense and war mobilization effort in the context of the Cold War. Civil defense or civil defence (see spelling differences) is an effort to prepare Civilians for Military attack This article describes military mobilization For other meanings see Mobilization (disambiguation. Cold War is the state of conflict tension and competition that existed between the United States and the Soviet Union (USSR and their respective allies from the Its implementing regulations, the Defense Priorities and Allocation System (DPAS), are located at 15 CFR §§700 to 700. The Code of Federal Regulations (CFR is the codification of the general and permanent rules and regulations (sometimes called administrative law) published in the 93. The Act has been periodically reauthorized and amended, and remains in force as of 2007.

The Act contains three major sections. The first authorizes the President to require businesses to sign contracts or fulfill orders deemed necessary for national defense. The President of the United States is the Head of state and Head of government of the United States and is the highest political official in United States by The second authorizes the President to establish mechanisms (such as regulations, orders or agencies) to allocate materials, services and facilities to promote national defense. The third section authorizes the President to control the civilian economy so that scarce and/or critical materials necessary to the national defense effort are available for defense needs. [1]

The Act also authorizes the President to requisition property, force industry to expand production and the supply of basic resources, impose wage and price controls, settle labor disputes, control consumer and real estate credit, establish contractual priorities, and allocate raw materials to aid the national defense. [1]

The President's authority to place contracts under the DPA is the part of the Act most often used by the Department of Defense (DOD) since the 1970s. The United States Department of Defense ( DOD or DoD) is the federal department charged with coordinating and supervising all agencies and functions of the government Most of the other functions of the Act are administered by the Office of Strategic Industries and Economic Security (SIES) in the Bureau of Industry and Security in the Department of Commerce. The Bureau of Industry and Security ( BIS) is an agency of the United States Department of Commerce which deals with issues involving national security and high The United States Department of Commerce is the Cabinet department of the United States government concerned with promoting Economic growth [2]

Contents

Korean War-era usage

The DPA was used during the Korean War to establish a large defense mobilization infrastructure and bureacracy. Under the authority of the Act, President Harry S. Truman established the Office of Defense Mobilization, instituted wage and price controls, strictly regulated production in heavy industries such as steel and mining, and ordered the disperal of wartime manufacturing plans across the nation. The Office of Defense Mobilization (ODM was an independent agency of the United States government whose function was to plan coordinate direct and control all wartime Incomes policies in Economics are Wage and Price controls, most commonly instituted as a response to Inflation. [3]

The Act also played a vital role in the establishment of the domestic aluminum and titanium industries in the 1950s. Using the Act, DOD provided capital and interest-free loans, and directed mining and manufacturing resources as well as skilled laborers to these two processing industries. [4]

Use as innovation tool

Beginning in the 1980s, DOD began using the contracting and spending provisions of the DPA to provide seed money to develop new technologies. [5] Using the Act, DOD has helped to develop a number of new technologies and materials, including silicon carbide ceramics, indium phosphide and gallium arsenide semiconductors, microwave power tubes, radiation-hardened microelectronics, superconducting wire, and metal composites. Silicon carbide ( is a compound of Silicon and Carbon bonded together to form Ceramics but it also occurs in nature as the extremely rare mineral Indium phosphide ( is a binary Semiconductor composed of Indium and Phosphorus. Gallium arsenide ( GaAs) is a compound of two elements Gallium and Arsenic. A semiconductor' is a Solid material that has Electrical conductivity in between a conductor and an insulator; it can vary over that Microwaves are electromagnetic waves with Wavelengths ranging from 1 mm to 1 m or frequencies between 0 Superconductivity is a phenomenon occurring in certain Materials generally at very low Temperatures characterized by exactly zero electrical resistance [4]

Notes

  1. ^ a b "The Defense Production Act: Choice as to Allocations," Columbia Law Review, March 1951; Lockwood, Defense Production Act: Purpose and Scope, June 22, 2001.
  2. ^ Nibley, "Defense Production Act: The Government's Old but Powerful Procurement Tool," Legal Times, April 1, 2002.
  3. ^ Pierpaoli, Truman and Korea: The Political Culture of the Early Cold War, 1999.
  4. ^ a b Mirsky, "Trekking Through That Valley of Death—The Defense Production Act," Innovation, June/July 2005.
  5. ^ National Research Council, Defense Manufacturing in 2010 and Beyond, 1999.

References

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