| Deerfield, Massachusetts | |
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| Coordinates: | |
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| Country | United States |
| State | Massachusetts |
| County | Franklin |
| Settled | 1673 |
| Incorporated | 1677 |
| Government | |
| - Type | Open town meeting |
| Area | |
| - Total | 33. Wikipedia talkFeatured lists for an explanation of this and other inclusion tags below -->This list of countries, arranged alphabetically The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The political units and divisions of the United States include The 50 states (four of these being officially styled as Commonwealths) which are typically The Commonwealth of Massachusetts ( is a state located in the New England region of the northeastern United States. This is a list of Massachusetts counties, consisting of the 14 Massachusetts counties Franklin County is a non-governmental County located in the U An Open town meeting is a form of municipal legislature typical in the New England region of the United States. Area is a Quantity expressing the two- Dimensional size of a defined part of a Surface, typically a region bounded by a closed Curve. 4 sq mi (86. The square mile is an imperial and US unit of Area equal the area of a square of one statute mile. 4 km²) |
| - Land | 32. Square Kilometre ( US spelling square kilometer) symbol km2, is a decimal multiple of the SI unit of 3 sq mi (83. 6 km²) |
| - Water | 1. 1 sq mi (2. 7 km²) |
| Elevation | 150 ft (46 m) |
| Population (2000) | |
| - Total | 4,750 |
| - Density | 147. The elevation of a Geographic location is its height above a fixed reference point often the mean sea level. A foot (plural feet or foot; symbol or abbreviation ft or sometimes &prime – the prime symbol) is a non-SI unit The metre or meter is a unit of Length. It is the basic unit of Length in the Metric system and in the International Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume 1/sq mi (56. 8/km²) |
| Time zone | Eastern (UTC-5) |
| - Summer (DST) | Eastern (UTC-4) |
| ZIP code | 01373 |
| Area code(s) | 413 |
| FIPS code | 25-16670 |
| GNIS feature ID | 0618162 |
| Website: www.town.deerfield.ma.us | |
Deerfield is a town in Franklin County, Massachusetts, United States. The Eastern Time Zone ( ET) of the Western Hemisphere falls mostly along the east coast of North America and the west coast of South America UTC−5 is the Time offset used in the North American Eastern Time Zone during Standard time and in the North American Central Time Zone during Daylight saving time ( DST The Eastern Time Zone ( ET) of the Western Hemisphere falls mostly along the east coast of North America and the west coast of South America UTC−4 is the Time offset used in the Atlantic Standard Time Zone in Canada in winter and the North American Eastern Time Zone during A telephone numbering plan is a plan for allocating Telephone number ranges to countries regions areas and exchanges and to non-fixed telephone networks Area code 413 is the area code for Western Massachusetts. It is the largest area code by land area covered in the state extending from the western state line to the Federal Information Processing Standards ( FIPS) are publicly announced standards developed by the United States Federal government for use by all non-military The Geographic Names Information System ( GNIS) is a database that contains name and locative information about more than two million physical and cultural features located throughout The New England town is the basic unit of local government in each of the six New England states Franklin County is a non-governmental County located in the U The Commonwealth of Massachusetts ( is a state located in the New England region of the northeastern United States. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The population was 4,750 at the 2000 census. It is part of the Springfield, Massachusetts Metropolitan Statistical Area. Springfield is a City in and the County seat of Hampden County, Massachusetts, United States. The Springfield Metropolitan Area is the region that is socio-economically tied to the city of Springfield Massachusetts. Located in Western Massachusetts, it includes the village of South Deerfield. Western Massachusetts is a loosely defined geographical region of the U South Deerfield is a Census-designated place (CDP in Deerfield, Franklin County Massachusetts, Massachusetts, United States. The town is home to Deerfield Academy, a private secondary school preparatory school, and two separate private junior boarding schools, Bement School and Eaglebrook School. Deerfield Academy is a private, Coeducational Boarding school located in Deerfield Massachusetts. A university-preparatory school or college-preparatory school (usually abbreviated to preparatory school, college prep school, or prep school A boarding school is a School where some or all pupils not only study but also live during term time with their fellow students and possibly teachers Eaglebrook School is an independent junior Boarding school for boys in Deerfield, Massachusetts.
Contents |
History
At the time of the Europeans' arrival, Deerfield was inhabited by the Pocumtuck nation, with a village by the same name. The Pocomtuc, also Pocumtuck or Deerfield Indians, were a Native American tribe formerly inhabiting Western Massachusetts, especially around First settled by European colonists in 1673, Deerfield was incorporated in 1677. Settlement was the result of a court case in which the government in Boston agreed to return some of the land of the town of Dedham to native control, and allowed some of Dedham's residents to acquire land in the new township of Pocumtuck. To obtain this land their agent John Pynchon signed a treaty with some Pocumtucks, including one named Chaulk -- who had no authority to deed over the land, and only a rough idea of what he was signing.
Deerfield was the northwesternmost outpost of New England settlement for several decades during the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries. It occupies a fertile portion of the Connecticut River Valley yet was vulnerable to attack because of its position near the Berkshire Mountains. For these reasons it became the site of several Anglo-Indian skirmishes during its early history. [1]
The settlers then expelled by force the Pocumtuck tribe, who would seek French protection. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. At Bloody Brook on 18 September 1675, the dispossessed Indians would destroy a small force under the command of Captain Thomas Lathrop before being driven off by reinforcements. Events 96 - Nerva is proclaimed Roman Emperor after Domitian is assassinated For indigenous peoples in the United States other than Hawaii and Alaska see also Native Americans in the United States. Colonial casualties numbered about sixty. In retaliation, at dawn on 19 May 1676, Captain William Turner led an army of settlers in a surprise attack on Peskeompskut, in present day Montague, then a traditional native gathering place. Events 1535 - French explorer Jacques Cartier sets sail on his second voyage to North America with three ships 110 men and Montague is a town in Franklin County, Massachusetts, United States. They killed 200 natives, mostly women and children. When the men of the tribe returned, Turner was routed, and died of a mortal wound at Green River.
On February 29, 1704, during Queen Anne's War, joint French and Indian forces attacked the town in what has become known as the Deerfield Massacre. Leap years Although the modern calendar counts a year as 365 days a complete revolution around the sun takes approximately 365 days and 6 hours Year 1704 ( MDCCIV) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Queen Anne's War ( 1702 &ndash 1713) was the second in a series of four French and Indian Wars fought between France and England (later This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. The 1704 Raid on Deerfield occurred during Queen Anne's War on February 29, 1704, when joint French and Native American forces Under the command of Jean-Baptiste Hertel de Rouville were 47 Canadiens and 200 Abenaki, Kanienkehaka and Wyandot, as well as a few Pocumtuck. The Abenaki ( or Abnaki) are a Tribe of Native American and First Nations people belonging to the Algonquian peoples Mohawk ( Kanienkeh, Kanienkehaka or Kanien’Kahake, meaning "People of the Flint" are an indigenous people of North America "Huron" redirects here For other uses see Huron (disambiguation. They struck at dawn, razing Deerfield and killing 56 colonists including twenty-two men, nine women, and twenty-five children. One hundred and nine survivors including women and children were taken captive and forced on a months-long trek to Quebec. Quebec (kwɨˈbɛk Many died along the way. Some eventually returned to New England, but others remained in French and Native communities such as Wendake, Quebec for the rest of their lives. History See also History of New England New England's earliest inhabitants were Algonquian -speaking Native Americans including the Wendake is the current name for the Huron-Wendat reserve, an enclave within Quebec City, Quebec. Quebec (kwɨˈbɛk
As the frontier moved north, Deerfield became just another colonial town with an unquiet early history, to be recorded by George Sheldon. In 1753 Greenfield would be set off and incorporated. Year 1753 ( MDCCLIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Greenfield is a city in Franklin County, Massachusetts, United States. Later, a wave of Eastern European immigration, particularly from Poland, would influence Deerfield's demographics and culture. Eastern Europe is a general term that refers to the Geopolitical region encompassing the easternmost part of the European continent. Poland (Polska officially the Republic of Poland
As the 19th century rolled on, Deerfield's role in agricultural production declined. The 19th century of the Common Era began on January 1, 1801 and ended on December 31, 1900, according to the Gregorian calendar This was, in part, due to development of the Midwestern United States into the nation's breadbasket. The Breadbasket of a country is a region which because of richness of Soil or advantageous Climate, produces an agricultural surplus which is often considered During the Colonial Revival movement, Deerfield rediscovered its past to attract tourism. The Colonial Revival movement was a national expression of early North American culture primarily the built and artistic environments of the east coast colonies. Tourism is Travel for Recreational or Leisure purposes The World Tourism Organization defines tourists as people who "travel The Pocumtuck Valley Memorial Association was founded in 1870, and monuments were erected to commemorate various conflicts with indigenous peoples, including the Bloody Brook and 1704 attacks. In 1890, Charlotte Alice Baker returned to Deerfield to restore her family home, the Frary House. Assisted by the Boston architectural firm of Shepley, Rutan & Coolidge, her effort was one of the first attempts at historic preservation of an old building in western Massachusetts. Shepley Rutan and Coolidge was a successful Architecture firm based in Boston, Massachusetts, operating between 1886 and 1915 with extensive commissions Historic preservation or heritage conservation is a professional endeavor that seeks to preserve the ability of older (e Today, tourism remains the town's principal industry, with the largest employer being the Yankee Candle Company. The Yankee Candle Company is the largest US manufacturer of scented Candles.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 33. The United States Census Bureau (officially Bureau of the Census as defined in Title) is the government agency that is responsible for the United States Census 4 square miles (86. The square mile is an imperial and US unit of Area equal the area of a square of one statute mile. 4 km²), of which, 32. Square Kilometre ( US spelling square kilometer) symbol km2, is a decimal multiple of the SI unit of 3 square miles (83. 6 km²) of it is land and 1. 1 square miles (2. 7 km²) of it (3. 18%) is water. Deerfield is located in the northern Pioneer Valley, and is bordered by Greenfield to the north, Montague to the northeast, Sunderland to the southeast, Whately to the south, Conway to the west, and Shelburne to the northwest. Pioneer Valley is a region consisting of the three counties that the Connecticut River passes through in Western Massachusetts, and especially those towns Greenfield is a city in Franklin County, Massachusetts, United States. Montague is a town in Franklin County, Massachusetts, United States. Sunderland is a town in Franklin County, Massachusetts, part of the Pioneer Valley. Whately is a town in Franklin County, Massachusetts, United States. Conway is a town in Franklin County, Massachusetts, United States. Shelburne is a town in Franklin County, Massachusetts, United States. The town center is located eight miles south of Greenfield, 29 miles north of Springfield, and 93 miles west of Boston. Springfield is a City in and the County seat of Hampden County, Massachusetts, United States.
Deerfield's northern point is located at the confluence of the Deerfield River and the Connecticut River, with the former flowing through the northwest corner of town and the latter forming the eastern border of town. Deerfield River is a river that runs for from southern Vermont through northwestern Massachusetts to the Connecticut River. The Connecticut River is the largest River in New England, flowing south from the Connecticut Lakes in northern New Hampshire, along the border Several brooks and the Mill River also flow through town. In the southeast corner of town, North Sugarloaf Mountain rises above the Connecticut, giving a good view of the valley and the center of town. North of the mountain, the Pocumtuck Range rises along the eastern side of town.
Interstate 91 passes from south to north through the central part of town, crossing the Deerfield River near the river's southern bend to the west. Interstate 91 (abbreviated I-91) is an Interstate highway in the New England section of the United States. The road is mirrored by U.S. Route 5 and Route 10, which are combined throughout the town. US Route 5 is a north-south United States highway running through the New England states of Connecticut, Massachusetts, and Vermont Route 10 is a multi-state north-south State highway in the New England region of the United States, running from New Haven Connecticut through Additionally, Route 116 passes through town, combining with Routes 5 & 10 for a one-mile stretch, passing into Whately briefly before separating and crossing through the southern part of town and over the Connecticut River at the Sunderland Bridge. Route 116 is a south-north State highway in Massachusetts. Route 116 runs in a northwesterly general direction from its origin in Springfield as Main Street through All three routes historically crossed through the center of the village prior to the building of I-91, but were rerouted to a more direct route closer to the highway.
A portion of the Springfield Terminal freight rail line passes through town, before branching off eastward and westward around Greenfield. The nearest Amtrak passenger service is in Springfield. The National Railroad Passenger Corporation, Doing business as Amtrak, is a Government-owned corporation that was organized on May 1, 1971 Deerfield has bus service through Peter Pan, with the nearest small air service in nearby Gill and Northampton. The nearest national air service can be reached at Bradley International Airport in Windsor Locks, Connecticut. BDL redirects here For the beer distributor see Brewers' Distributor Ltd Windsor Locks is a town located in Hartford County, Connecticut, United States. Connecticut ( is a state located in the New England region of the northeastern United States of America.
Demographics
As of the census[2] of 2000, there were 4,750 people, 1,965 households, and 1,310 families residing in the town. A census is the procedure of acquiring information about every member of a given population By population, Deerfield ranked fourth of the 26 towns in Franklin County, and 247th of the 351 cities and towns in Massachusetts. The population density was 147. Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume 1 people per square mile (56. 8/km²), which ranked fifth in the county and 269th in the Commonwealth. There were 2,060 housing units at an average density of 63. 8/sq mi (24. 6/km²). The racial makeup of the town was 97. 24% White, 0. 48% African American, 0. 11% Native American, 0. 86% Asian, 0. 48% from other races, and 0. 82% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1. 56% of the population.
There were 1,965 households out of which 28. 4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 54. 9% were married couples living together, 8. NOTICE TO WOULD-BE ROMEOS ************** 4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33. 3% were non-families. 26. 1% of all households were made up of individuals and 9. 3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2. 41 and the average family size was 2. 92.
In the town the population was spread out with 22. 5% under the age of 18, 5. 7% from 18 to 24, 28. 7% from 25 to 44, 29. 3% from 45 to 64, and 13. 8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females there were 97. 0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93. 6 males.
The median income for a household in the town was $49,764, and the median income for a family was $64,909. Males had a median income of $40,413 versus $31,069 for females. The per capita income for the town was $24,555. Per capita income means how much each individual receives in monetary terms of the yearly income generated in the country About 2. 2% of families and 4. 5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 4. The poverty threshold, or poverty line, is the minimum level of Income deemed necessary to achieve an adequate Standard of living in a given country 3% of those under age 18 and 6. 5% of those age 65 or over.
Government
Deerfield employs the open town meeting form of government, and is led by a board of selectmen. An Open town meeting is a form of municipal legislature typical in the New England region of the United States. The Board of Selectmen is commonly the executive arm of Town Governments in the New England region of the United States. The town has its own police, fire and public works departments. Like the fire department, the post office has two branches, in South Deerfield (where most of the town offices are) and in Old Deerfield Village, near the Memorial Hall and the Old Town Hall. The town's Tilton Library is connected to the regional library network, and is located in South Deerfield. The nearest hospital, Franklin Medical Center, is located in Greenfield, as are many of the regional state offices.
On the state level, Deerfield is represented in the Massachusetts House of Representatives by the First Franklin district, which includes the southeastern third of Franklin County and towns in north central Hampshire County. The Massachusetts House of Representatives is the Lower house of the Massachusetts General Court, the state legislature of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts In the Massachusetts Senate, the town is represented by the Hampshire and Franklin district, which includes much of eastern Franklin and Hampshire Counties. The Massachusetts Senate is the upper house of the Massachusetts General Court, the Bicameral state legislature of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. [3] The town is patrolled by the Second (Shelburne Falls) Barracks of Troop "B" of the Massachusetts State Police. The Massachusetts State Police ( MSP) is an agency of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts ' Executive Office of Public Safety responsible for criminal law enforcement [4]
On the national level, Deerfield is represented in the United States House of Representatives as part of Massachusetts's 1st congressional district, and has been represented by John Olver of Amherst since June of 1991. The United States House of Representatives is one of the two chambers of the United States Congress; the other is the Senate. Massachusetts's first congressional district is in western and central Massachusetts. John Walter Olver (born September 3 1936) American politician has been a Democratic member of the United States House of Representatives Amherst is a town in Hampshire County, Massachusetts, United States in the Connecticut River valley Massachusetts is represented in the United States Senate by senior Senator Ted Kennedy and junior Senator John Kerry. The United States Senate is the Upper house of the bicameral United States Congress, the Lower house being the House of Representatives Edward Moore "Ted" Kennedy (born February 22 1932 is the senior United States Senator from Massachusetts and a member of the Democratic } John Forbes Kerry (born December 11 1943 is an American Politician who is currently serving his fourth term as the junior United States Senator
Education
Deerfield is the central member of Frontier Regional and Union 38 School Districts, which also includes Conway, Whately and Sunderland. Each town operates its own elementary school, with Deerfield Elementary School serving the town's students from kindergarten through sixth grades. All four towns send seventh through twelfth grade students to Frontier Regional High School in the town. Frontier's athletics teams are nicknamed the Red Hawks, and the team colors are red and blue. There are many art programs available during and after school at Frontier. There are several private schools in the town, including The Bement School (a coeducational boarding school serving students from kindergarten through ninth grades), the Eaglebrook School (a private boys' school for grades 6-9), and the Deerfield Academy, a private prep school. Deerfield Academy is a private, Coeducational Boarding school located in Deerfield Massachusetts. There are other private schools in the Greenfield area.
The nearest community college, Greenfield Community College, is located in Greenfield. Greenfield Community College is a two-year Community College in Greenfield Massachusetts. The nearest state colleges are Massachusetts College of Liberal Arts in North Adams and Westfield State College, and the nearest state university is the University of Massachusetts Amherst. History Founded in 1894 as North Adams Normal School offered first instruction at postsecondary level in 1897 changed name in 1932 to State Teachers College of North Adams Westfield State College at 577 Western Avenue in Westfield, Massachusetts, USA, is a small liberal arts college located about 20 minutes from Springfield The University of Massachusetts Amherst (otherwise known as UMass Amherst, Massachusetts, or UMass) is a research and Land-grant university in The nearest private colleges, including members of the Five Colleges and Seven Sisters, are located southeast in the Northampton area. The Five Colleges comprises four liberal arts colleges and one University in the Connecticut River Pioneer Valley of Western Massachusetts The Seven Sisters are seven liberal arts colleges in the Northeastern United States that are historically women's colleges.
Pictures
 Frary House in c. 1905 |
 Old Main Street in c. 1910 |
 Post Office in c. 1910 |
 Mountain Road in c. 1910 |
References
- ^ National Geographic Society (1997). Exploring America's Historic Places. National Geographic Society.
- ^ American FactFinder. United States Census Bureau. The United States Census Bureau (officially Bureau of the Census as defined in Title) is the government agency that is responsible for the United States Census Retrieved on 2008-01-31. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1504 - France cedes Naples to Aragon. 1606 - Gunpowder Plot: Guy Fawkes
- ^ List of Massachusetts Legislators by City and Town
- ^ Station B-2, SP Shelburne Falls
External links
- Historic Deerfield
- Town of Deerfield
- Deerfield Academy
- Bement School
- Deerfield Attractions
- Mount Sugarloaf State Reservation
- Pocumtuck Valley Memorial Association
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