Dedication (Lat. dedicatio, from dedicare, to proclaim, to announce), is to immerse oneself with sincerity into a certain subject or properly the setting apart of anything by solemn proclamation. It is thus in Latin the term particularly applied to the consecration of altars, temples and other sacred buildings, and also to the inscription prefixed to a book, etc. An altar is any structure upon which Sacrifices or other offerings are made for religious purposes or some other sacred place where ceremonies take place A temple (from the Latin word Templum) is a structure reserved for religious or spiritual activities such as prayer and sacrifice or analogous rites , and addressed to some particular person.

This latter practice, which formerly had the purpose of gaining the patronage and support of the person so addressed, is now only a mark of affection or regard. In law, the word is used of the setting apart by a private owner of a road to public use.

Contents 1 Feast of Dedication 2 Dedication of Churches 2.1 Early customs 2.2 Medieval Western customs 2.3 Eastern Orthodox form 2.4 Anglican forms 3 Definitions of Dedication: 4 References 5 See also 6 External links

Feast of Dedication

Further information: Hannukah

The Feast of Dedication was a Jewish festival observed for eight days from the 25th of Kislev (i. Hanukkah (חנוכה alt Chanukah) also known as the Festival of Lights, is an eight-day Jewish holiday commemorating the rededication of the Hanukkah (חנוכה alt Chanukah) also known as the Festival of Lights, is an eight-day Jewish holiday commemorating the rededication of the For the Warhammer Fantasy location see Kislev (Warhammer Kislev ( Hebrew: כִּסְלֵו, Standard e. about December 12) in commemoration of the reconsecration (165 BC) of the Jewish Temple in Jerusalem, and especially of the altar of burnt offering, after they had been desecrated in the persecution under Antiochus Epiphanes (168 BC). Events 627 - Battle of Nineveh: A Byzantine army under Emperor Heraclius defeats Emperor Khosrau II 's Persian Judaism (from the Greek Ioudaïsmos, derived from the Hebrew יהודה Yehudah, " Judah " in Hebrew יַהֲדוּת Yahedut Etymology The Hebrew name given in Scripture for the building is Beit HaMikdash or "The Holy House" and only the Temple in Jerusalem is referred to by this name An altar is any structure upon which Sacrifices or other offerings are made for religious purposes or some other sacred place where ceremonies take place A holocaust is a religious Animal sacrifice that is completely consumed by fire Desecration is the act of depriving something of its sacred character -- or the disrespectful or contemptuous treatment of that which is held to be sacred by a group or individual Persecution is the systematic mistreatment of an individual/group by another group Another Antiochus IV Epiphanes was king in Commagene under Caligula and Claudius. The distinguishing features of the festival were the illumination of houses and synagogues, a custom probably taken over from the Feast of Tabernacles, and the recitation of Psalm 30:1-12 HE. A synagogue (from Greek: grc συναγωγή transliterated synagogē, "assembly" he בית כנסת beit knesset, "house of Sukkot ( also known as Succoth, Sukkos, Feast of Booths or Feast of Tabernacles) is a Biblical Pilgrimage ^[1] J. Wellhausen suggests that the feast was originally connected with the winter solstice, and only afterwards with the events narrated in Maccabees. Julius Wellhausen ( May 17, 1844 - January 7, 1918) was a German biblical scholar and Orientalist. The winter solstice occurs at the instant when the Sun 's position in the sky is at its greatest angular distance on the other side of the equatorial plane from the The Maccabees ( Hebrew: מכבים or מקבים, Makabim or Maqabim; Greek Μακκαβαῖοι, /makav'εï/ were

The Feast of Dedication is also mentioned in John 10:22.

Dedication of Churches

Further information: Consecration

Early customs

The custom of solemnly dedicating or consecrating buildings as churches or chapels set apart for Christian worship must be almost as old as Christianity itself. Consecration is the solemn dedication to a special purpose or service usually religious A chapel is a holy place or area of Worship for Christians, which may be attached to an institution such as a large church, a College, a Christianity ( Greek Χριστιανισμός from the word Xριστός ( Christ)is a monotheistic Religion centered on the life and teachings When we come to the earlier part of the 4th century allusions to and descriptions of the consecration of churches become plentiful.

This service is probably of Jewish origin. The hallowing of the tabernacle and of its furniture and ornaments (Exodus 40); the dedication of Solomon's Temple (I Kings 8) and of the Second Temple by Zerubbabel (Ezra 6), and its rededication by Judas Maccabaeus (see above), and the dedication of the temple of Herod the Great^[2], and Jesus' attendance at the Feast of Dedication (John 10:22-23). Solomon's Temple (בית המקדש transliterated Beit HaMikdash) also known as the First Temple, was according to The Second Temple (בית המקדש romanized 'Beit HaMikdash' meaning 'Holy House' was the reconstructed Temple in Jerusalem which stood between 516 BCE and 70 CE Zerubbabel (זְרֻבָּבֶל Zərubbāvel; Greek: ζοροβαβελ Zŏrobabel) was the grandson of Jehoiachin, penultimate King of Judas Maccabeus (or Judah Maccabee, also spelled Machabeus or Maccabaeus Hebrew: יהודה המכבי, Yehudah HaMakabi, Judah the Hammer Herod (הוֹרְדוֹס Horodos, Greek: Herōdes) also known as Herod I or Herod the Great (73 BC – 4 BC in Jericho All these point to the probability of the Christians deriving their custom from a Jewish origin.

Eusebius of Caesarea^[3] speaks of the dedication of churches rebuilt after the Diocletian persecution, including the church at Tyre in 314 AD. Gaius Aurelius Valerius Diocletianus ( ca. December 22 244 The modern historian Timothy Barnes takes December 22 as his birthdate Tyre ( Arabic صور Ṣūr, Phoenician Phoenician wawsvg|12px|ו]] Ṣur, Hebrew Events By Place Roman Empire 8 October — War between Constantine I and Licinius: Licinius is defeated at the The consecrations of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre at Jerusalem in 335, which had been built by Constantine, and of other churches after his time, are described both by Eusebius and by other ecclesiastical historians. The Church of the Holy Sepulchre (Sanctum Sepulchrum also called the Church of the Resurrection, ( Greek: Ναός της Αναστάσεως Naos tis Anastaseos Events By Place Roman Empire 19 September — Dalmatius is raised to the rank of Caesar. Constantine ( Latin: Cōnstantīnus, Greek:) is a given name and surname derived from the Latin word constans, meaning constant or From them we gather that every consecration was accompanied by a celebration of the Holy Eucharist and a sermon, and special prayers of a dedicatory character, but there is no trace of the elaborate ritual, to be described presently, of the medieval pontificals dating from the 8th century onwards. The Eucharist, also called Holy Communion or Lord's Supper and other names is a Christian Sacrament by which in a common interpretation those A sermon is an oration by a Prophet or member of the Clergy. Sermons address a Biblical, theological, or religious topic The 8th century is the period from 701 to 800 in accordance with the Julian calendar in the Christian / Common Era.

The separate consecration of altars is provided for by Canon 14 of the Council of Agde in 506, and by Canon 26 of the Council of Epaone in 517, the latter containing the first known reference to the usage of anointing the altar with chrism. Canon law is internal ecclesiastical law governing the Roman Catholic Church, the Eastern Orthodox churches and the Anglican Communion of churches In the history of Roman Catholicism in France, the Council of Agde was held 10 September 506 at Agatha or Agde in Languedoc Events By Place Byzantine Empire The Byzantine Empire and Persia accept a peace agreement based on status quo Events By Place Europe Sigismund of Burgundy is opposed by his son he later has his son strangled To anoint is to pour or smear with perfumed oil milk water melted butter or other substances a process employed ritually by many religions and races Chrism (Greek word literally meaning "an anointing" also called "Myrrh" ( Myron) "Holy Oil" or "Consecrated Oil" is a Consecrated The use of both holy water and of unction is attributed to St. Columbanus, who died in 615. Holy water can also refer to water that has been blessed, such as by a Priest, and is considered Holy. Not to be confused with St Columba, also Irish and partly his contemporary Events By Place Europe The Edict of Paris grants extensive rights to the Frankish nobility ^[4]

There was an annual commemoration of the original dedication of the church, a feast with its octave extending over eight days, during which Gregory the Great encouraged the erection of booths and general feasting on the part of the populace, to compensate them for, and in some way to take the place of, abolished pagan festivities. " Octave " has two senses in Christian liturgical usage ^[5]

At an early date the right to consecrate churches was reserved to bishops, as by a canon of the First Council of Bracara in 563, and by the 23rd of the Irish collections of canons, once attributed to St Patrick, but hardly to be put earlier than the 8th century. A bishop is an ordained or consecrated member of the Christian clergy who is generally entrusted with a position of authority and oversight Events By Place Byzantine Empire Justinian I re-consecrates Hagia Sophia after its dome is rebuilt Saint Patrick (Patricius Irish: Naomh Pádraig) was a Roman Britain -born Christian Missionary and is the Patron saint The 8th century is the period from 701 to 800 in accordance with the Julian calendar in the Christian / Common Era. ^[6]

Medieval Western customs

When we come to examine the manuscripts and printed service-books of the medieval church, we find a lengthy and elaborate service provided for the consecration of churches. A manuscript is any Document that is Written by hand as opposed to being printed or reproduced in some other way It is contained in the pontifical. The earliest pontifical which has come down to us is that of Egbert, Archbishop of York (732-766), which, however, only survives in a 10th-century manuscript copy. For the area code see Area code 732. Events By Place Europe October 10 — Battle of Events By Topic Religion November 16 — Nicetas is appointed Patriarch of Constantinople. Later pontificals are numerous; we cannot describe all their variations. A good idea, however, of the general character of the service will be obtained from a skeleton of it as performed in this country before the Reformation according to the use of Sarum. The Protestant Reformation was a reform movement in Europe that began in 1517 though its roots lie further back in time The Sarum Rite was a variant of the Roman Rite widely used for the ordering of Christian public worship including the Mass or Eucharist The service in question is taken from an early 15th-century pontifical in the Cambridge University Library as printed by W. The Cambridge University Library is the centrally-administered library of the University of Cambridge in England. Makell in Monumenta ritualia ecclesiae Anglicanae. ^[7]

There is a preliminary office for laying a foundation-stone. The cornerstone (or foundation stone) concept is derived from the first stone set in the construction of a masonry foundation, important since all other stones will On the day of consecration the bishop is to vest in a tent outside the church, thence to proceed to the door of the church on the outside, a single deacon being inside the church, and there to bless holy water, twelve lighted candles being placed outside, and twelve inside the church. He is then to sprinkle the waIls all round outside, and to knock at the door; then to sprinkle the walls all round outside a second time and to knock at the door again; then to sprinkle the walls all round outside a third time, and a third time to knock at the door, by which he will then enter, all laity being excluded. The bishop is then to fix a cross in the centre of the church, after which the litany is said, including a special clause for the consecration of the church and altar. A litany, in Christian worship, is a form of Prayer used in Church services and Processions and consisting of a number of petitions Next the bishop inscribes the alphabet in Greek letters on one of the limbs of St Andrews cross from the left east corner to the right west corner on the pavement cindered for the purpose, and the alphabet in Latin on the other limb from the right east corner to the left west corner. Then he is to genuflect before the altar or cross. Then he blesses water, mingled with salt, ashes and wine, and sprinkles therewith all the walls of the church inside thrice, beginning at the altar; then he sprinkles the centre of the church longwise and crosswise on the pavement, and then goes round the outside of the church sprinkling it thrice. Next reentering the church and taking up a central position he sprinkles holy water to the four points of the compass, and toward the roof. Next he anoints with chrism the twelve internal and twelve external wall-crosses, afterwards perambulating the church thrice inside and outside, censing it.

Then there follows the consecration of the altar. First, holy water is blessed and mixed with chrism, and with the mixture the bishop makes a cross in the middle of the altar, then on the right and the left, then on the four horns of the altar. Holy water can also refer to water that has been blessed, such as by a Priest, and is considered Holy. Chrism (Greek word literally meaning "an anointing" also called "Myrrh" ( Myron) "Holy Oil" or "Consecrated Oil" is a Consecrated Then the altar is sprinkled seven times or three times with water not mixed with chrism, and the altar-table is washed therewith and censed and wiped with a linen cloth. The centre of the altar is next anointed with the oil of the catechumens in the form of a cross; and the altar-stone is next anointed with chrism; and then the whole altar is rubbed over with oil of the catechumens and with chrism. Incense is next blessed, and the altar censed, five grains of incense being placed crosswise in the centre and at the four corners, and upon the grains five slender candle crosses, which are to be lit. Afterwards the altar is scraped and cleansed; then the altar-cloths and ornaments having been sprinkled with holy water are placed upon the altar, which is then to be censed.

All this is subsidiary to the celebration of mass, with which the whole service is concluded. The transcription and description of the various collects, psalms, anthems, benedictions, &c. , which make up the order of dedication have been omitted.

The Sarum order of dedication described above is substantially identical with the Roman order. There is, however, one very important and significant piece of ritual, not found in the English church order, but always found in the Roman service, and not infrequently found in the earlier and later English uses, in connection with the presence and use of relics at the consecration of an altar. A relic is an object or a personal item of religious significance carefully preserved with an air of Veneration as a tangible memorial According to the Roman ritual, after the priest has sprinkled the walls of the church inside thrice all round and then sprinkled the pavement from the altar to the porch, and sideways from wall to wall, and then to the four quarters of the compass, he prepares some cement at the altar. He then goes to the place where the relics are kept, and starts a solemn procession with the relics round the outside of the church. There a sermon is preached, and two decrees of the council of Trent are read, and the founder's deed of gift or endowment. The Council of Trent was the 19th Ecumenical Council of the Roman Catholic Church. Then the bishop, anointing the door with chrism, enters the church with the relics and deposits them in the cavity or confession in the altar. Having been enclosed they are censed and covered in, and the cover is anointed. Then follows the censing and wiping of- the altar as in the Sarum order.

This use of relics is very ancient and can be traced back to the time of St Ambrose. Saint Ambrose (c 338 &ndash 4 April 397) was a bishop of Milan who became one of the most influential ecclesiastical figures of the fourth century There was also a custom, now obsolete, of enclosing a portion of the consecrated Eucharist if relics were not obtainable. This was ordered by cap. 2 of the council of Celchyth (Chelsea) in 816. The Synod of Chelsea was held in 787 at Cealchythe in Kent, generally identified with modern Chelsea London. But though ancient the custom of enclosing relics was not universal, and where found in English church orders, as it frequently is found from the pontifical of Egbert onwards, it is called the Mos Romanus as distinguished from the Mos Anglicanus (Archaeologia, liv. 416). It is absent from the description of the early Irish form of consecration preserved in the Leabhar Breac, translated and annotated by Rev. Leabhar Breac is an Irish language publisher based in Indreabhán in the County Galway Gaeltacht of Cois Fharraige. T. Olden^[8].

The curious ritual act, technically known as the abecedarium, i. e. the tracing of the alphabet, sometimes in Latin characters, sometimes in Latin and Greek, sometimes, according to Menard, in Latin, Greek and Hebrew, along the limbs of St Andrews cross on the floor of the church, can be traced back to the 8th century and may be earlier. Its origin and meaning are unknown. One explanation was suggested by Rossi and adopted by the bishop of Salisbury. The Bishop of Salisbury is the Ordinary of the Church of England Diocese of Salisbury in the Province of Canterbury. This interprets the St Andrew's cross as the initial Greek letter of Christus, and the whole act as significant of taking possession of the site to be consecrated in the name of Christ, who is the Alpha and Omega, the word of God, combining in himself all letters that lie between them, every element of human speech. The three languages may then have been suggested by the Latin, Greek and Hebrew, in which his title was written on the cross.

The disentangling the Gallican from the Roman elements in the early Western forms of service was undertaken by Louis Duchesne, who shows how the former partook of a funerary and the latter of a baptismal character^[9]. Abbé Louis Marie Olivier Duchesne ( September 13, 1843 - April 21, 1922) was a French priest philologist, teacher and

Eastern Orthodox form

main article: Consecration of an Eastern Orthodox Church

The dedication service of the Eastern Orthodox Church is likewise long and elaborate. Consecration is the solemn dedication to a special purpose or service usually religious The Eastern Orthodox Church is the second largest single Christian Communion in the world At the beginning of construction, the bishop or his deputy blesses a cornerstone for the church. A bishop is an ordained or consecrated member of the Christian clergy who is generally entrusted with a position of authority and oversight The cornerstone (or foundation stone) concept is derived from the first stone set in the construction of a masonry foundation, important since all other stones will Relics may be placed inside the cornerstone, and it will be topped with a plate giving the name of the patron saint of the new church, the names of the saints whose relics were deposited in the cornerstone (if any), the name of the ruling bishop, and the date. A relic is an object or a personal item of religious significance carefully preserved with an air of Veneration as a tangible memorial The patron saint of a particular group of people is a Saint who would protect and 'love' the group and its members

After all construction on the building is finished, preparations are made for the solemn consecration of the church. The relics which will be placed in the Holy Table (altar) and the antimension are to be prepared and guarded on the previous day in some neighboring church (if there is no neighboring church, the relics are placed on a small table in front of the icon of Christ on the iconostasion). An altar is any structure upon which Sacrifices or other offerings are made for religious purposes or some other sacred place where ceremonies take place The Antimension ( Greek "instead of the table" Slavonic: Antimíns) is one of the most important furnishings of the Altar in many An icon (from Greek εἰκών eikōn, "image" is a religious work of art most commonly a painting from Eastern Christianity. In Eastern Christianity an iconostasis (the plural is iconostases) also called the Templon, is a wall of Icons and religious paintings The night before the consecration, an All-Night Vigil is celebrated; however, no one will enter the altar (sancturary) of the new church yet, and the Holy Doors remain closed. For the musical setting by Rachmaninoff, see All-Night Vigil (Rachmaninoff The All-night vigil is a service of the Eastern Orthodox Sanctuary has multiple meanings A sanctuary is the consecrated area of a church or temple around its tabernacle or altar

On the morning of the consecration, everything needed for the consecration, the sacred vessels, and all of the appertenances of the sanctuary (altar cloths, candlesticks, etc. An altar cloth is used by various religious groups to cover an Altar. ) are prepared on a table placed in front of the Holy Doors, together with a Gospel Book and blessing cross. The Gospel Book, or Book of the Gospels ( Greek:, Evangélion) is a Codex or bound volume containing one or more of the four Gospels The bishop (or his representative) and clergy vest and proceed to the church. Vestments are liturgical garments and articles associated primarily with the Christian religions especially the Latin Rite and other Roman Catholics The clergy carry the table into the sanctuary and literally construct the Holy Table: the mensa (table top) is placed on the four pillars and four nails are driven in with stones. A prayer of dedication is said, followed by an ektenia (litany). Ektenia (from ἐκτένεια ekténeia; literally "diligence" often called simply Litany, is a prayerful petition in the Eastern Orthodox Warm water is poured thrice upon the Holy Table, and it is wiped down by the priests, and then washed with a mixture of rose water and red wine (signifying baptism). thumb|right|250px|Rose water Rose water or rose syrup (گلاب Golâb, Gül suyu ماء ورد Māʾ ward, Urdu: گلاب رس In Christianity, baptism ( Greek, "immersing" "performing Ablutions " is the ritual act with the use of water by which one is admitted It is then anointed with chrism in the form of a cross (signifying chrismation). Chrism (Greek word literally meaning "an anointing" also called "Myrrh" ( Myron) "Holy Oil" or "Consecrated Oil" is a Consecrated Chrismation is the name given in Eastern Orthodox, Oriental Orthodox and Eastern Catholic churches as well as in the Assyrian Church of the East The altar, the Gospel Book, and the altar cloths are then censed, every pillar is crossed (anointed in the sign of the cross) with chrism, while various hymns and psalms are chanted. The Gospel Book, or Book of the Gospels ( Greek:, Evangélion) is a Codex or bound volume containing one or more of the four Gospels An altar cloth is used by various religious groups to cover an Altar. A thurible is a metal Censer suspended from chains in which Incense is burned during Worship services The Sign of the Cross, or Signum crucis in Latin is a ritual hand motion made by members of many but not all branches of Christianity. The sanctuary lamp is then filled with oil and lit, and placed on or above the altar, while clergy bring in other lamps and other ornaments of the church. A sanctuary lamp, altar lamp, or eternal flame is a light that shines before the altar of sanctuaries in many denominations of Jewish and Christian

Then, the bishop and clergy go to the neighboring church where the relics have been kept and guarded. A procession is formed and advances thence with the relics, which are borne by a priest in a diskos (paten) on his head; the church having been entered, the relics are placed by him with much ceremonial in the confession (the recess prepared in or under the altar for their reception) which is then anointed and sealed up. A paten, or diskos, is a small plate usually made of silver or gold used to hold Eucharistic bread which is to be Consecrated. The confession of one's Sins is a religious practice important to many faiths e After this the Divine Liturgy is celebrated both on the day of dedication and on seven days afterwards. The Divine Liturgy is the common term for the Eucharistic service of the Byzantine tradition of Christian liturgy.

Anglican forms

There is no authorized form for the dedication of a church in the reformed Church of England. The Church of England is the officially established Christian church in England, the Mother Church of the worldwide Anglican A form was drawn up and approved by both houses of the convocation of Canterbury under Archbishop Tenison in 1712, and an almost identical form was submitted to convocation in 1715, but its consideration was not completed by the Lower House, and neither form ever received royal sanction. A Convocation ( Latin 'calling together' translating the Greek Ecclesia) is a group of people formally assembled for a special purpose Canterbury ( ˈkæntəbɹ̩i is a City in eastern Kent in the South East region of England. Thomas Tenison ( September 29, 1636 &ndash December 14, 1715) was an English church leader Archbishop of Canterbury from 1694 until Year 1712 ( MDCCXII) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap Year 1715 ( MDCCXV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a

The consequence has been that Anglican bishops have fallen back on their undefined jus liturgicum, and have drawn up and promulgated forms for use in their various dioceses, some of them being content to borrow from other dioceses for this purpose. In many rites of the Roman Catholic Church and in Anglican churches, a diocese is an administrative territorial unit administered by a Bishop. There is a general similarity, with a certain amount of difference in detail, in these various forms. In the Diocese of London the bishop, attended by clergy and churchwardens, receives at the west door, outside, a petition for consecration; the procession then moves round the whole church outside, while certain psalms are chanted. The Diocese of London forms part of the Province of Canterbury in England. A churchwarden is a lay official in a Parish church of the Anglican Communion, usually working as a part-time volunteer A petition is a request to change some thing most commonly made to a government official or public entity On again reaching the west door the bishop knocks thrice with his crozier, and the door being opened the procession advances to the east end of the church, where prayers are said and the first Eucharist celebrated. A crosier ( crozier, pastoral staff, paterissa, pósokh) is the stylized staff of office ( Pastoral staff) carried by high-ranking The Eucharist, also called Holy Communion or Lord's Supper and other names is a Christian Sacrament by which in a common interpretation those

Definitions of Dedication:

1. The act of dedicating or the state of being dedicated.
2. A note prefixed to a literary, artistic, or musical composition dedicating it to someone in token of affection or esteem.
3. A rite or ceremony of dedicating.
4. Selfless devotion: served the public with dedication and integrity.

References

• This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain. The Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition (1910–1911 is a 29-volume reference work that marked the beginning of the Encyclopædia Britannica The public domain is a range of abstract materials &ndash commonly referred to as Intellectual property &ndash which are not owned or controlled by anyone

See also

• Cornerstone
• Consecration

External links

• Urbs Beata Jerusalem dicta pacis visio - Catholic Encyclopedia article

The cornerstone (or foundation stone) concept is derived from the first stone set in the construction of a masonry foundation, important since all other stones will Consecration is the solemn dedication to a special purpose or service usually religious

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