Decree

A decree is an order made by a head of state or government and having the force of law. Head of state is the generic term for the individual or collective office that serves as the chief public representative of a Monarchic or Republican Nation-state This article focuses on the cases where the Head of Government is a separate office from the Head of State Law is a system of rules enforced through a set of Institutions used as an instrument to underpin civil obedience politics economics and society The particular term used for this concept may vary from country to country — the executive orders made by the president of the United States, for example, are decrees. executive order in the United States is a Directive issued by the President, the head of the executive branch of the federal government The President of the United States is the Head of state and Head of government of the United States and is the highest political official in United States by In non-legal English usage, however, the term rule by decree refers to any authoritarian decision and in this sense is often derogatory. English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States Rule by decree is a style of governance allowing quick unchallenged creation of law by a single person or group and is used primarily by Dictators and Absolute monarchs Authoritarianism describes a Form of government characterized by an emphasis on the Authority of the State in a republic or union

1 Imperial Decree
2 Russia
3 Catholic Church
4 Other uses of the term
5 External links
6 References
7 See also

Imperial Decree

An imperial decree is a decree issued by a sovereign ruler, such as an emperor, king, or similarly styled person. An emperor (from the Latin " Imperator " is a (male Monarch, usually the sovereign ruler of an Empire or another type of Imperial decrees from monarchial times differ from decrees issued by heads of state in modern democracies in that they embodied a force of law that was subject to no limitations either by other branches of government, or through the democratic process.

Russia

After the Russian Revolution, a government proclamation of wide meaning was called a "decree" (Russian: декрет, dekret); more specific proclamations were called ukaz. See also Russian Revolution (1905 The Russian Revolution of 1916 refers to a series of popular revolutions in Russia, and the events surrounding them Both terms are usually translated as 'decree'.

According to the Russian Federation's 1993 constitution, an ukaz is a Presidential decree. For the constitution of the Imperial Russia see Russian Constitution of 1906 The current Constitution of the Russian Federation Ukase (указ ukaz) in Imperial Russia was a proclamation of the Tsar, government or a religious leader ( Patriarch) that had the force of Such ukazes have the power of laws, but may not alter the Russian constitution or the regulations of existing laws, and may be superseded by laws passed by the Federal Assembly. For the constitution of the Imperial Russia see Russian Constitution of 1906 The current Constitution of the Russian Federation The Federal Assembly of Russia (Russian Федеральное Собрание transliteration Federalnoye Sobraniye or Federalnoje Sobranije is the Legislature of the

Catholic Church

The Roman Catholic Church uses decrees from the Pope such as a papal Bull, Papal Brief or Motu Proprio as legislative acts. History See also History of the Papacy Catholics recognize the Pope as a successor to Saint Peter, who Jesus named as the "shepherd" and A Papal bull is a particular type of Letters patent or charter issued by a Pope. The Papal Brief is a formal document emanating from the Pope, in a somewhat simpler and more modern form than a Papal Bull. A motu proprio ( Latin "on his own impulse" is a document issued by the Pope on his own initiative and personally signed by him ^[1]

Other uses of the term

In some jurisdictions, certain types of court orders by judges are referred to as decrees. A court order (or court ruling) is an official proclamation by a Judge (or panel of judges that defines the legal relationships between the parties to a hearing A judge, or justice, is an Official who presides over a Court of law After the Russian Revolution, a government proclamation of wide meaning was called a "decree" (Russian: декрет, dekret); more specific proclamations were called ukaz. Both terms are usually translated as 'decree'.

According to the Russian Federation's 1993 constitution, an ukaz is a Presidential decree. Such ukazes have the power of laws, but may not alter the Russian constitution or the regulations of existing laws, and may be superseded by laws passed by the Federal Assembly. The Government of Russia can also issue decrees which will not contradict the constitution/laws or presidential decrees.

External links

All external sites in French unless otherwise noted.

- 1946 Constitution of the 4th Republic
- 1958 Constitution of the 5th Republic

References

^ Decree. Catholic Encyclopedia. The Catholic Encyclopedia, also referred to today as the Old Catholic Encyclopedia, is an English-language Encyclopedia published by The Encyclopedia Retrieved on 2007-02-17. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1500 - Battle of Hemmingstedt. 1600 - Philosopher Giordano Bruno is burned alive at Campo de' Fiori

Dictionary

-noun

An edict or law.
(law) The judicial decision in a litigated cause rendered by a court of equity.
(law) The determination of a cause in a court of admiralty, or a court of probate.

-verb

To command by a decree.

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