Decapitation (from Latin, caput, capitis, meaning head), or beheading, is the removal of a living organism's head. Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. In Anatomy, the head of an Animal is the Rostral part (from Anatomical position that usually comprises the Brain, Eyes Beheading typically refers to the act of intentional decapitation, e. g. , as a means of murder or execution; it may be accomplished, for example, with an axe, sword, any kind of wire, or knife, or by means of a guillotine. Murder is the unlawful killing of another human person with Malice aforethought, as defined in Common Law countries Capital punishment, the death penalty or execution, is the Killing of a person by judicial process as Punishment. The axe, or ax, is an implement that has been used for millennia to shape split and cut Wood, Harvest timber, as a Weapon A knife is a handheld sharp-edged instrument consisting of handle attached to a Blade used for cutting The guillotine ( pronounced /ˈgijətin/ or /ˈgɪlətin/ in English in French was a device used for carrying out executions by Decapitation. Accidental decapitation can be the result of an explosion, automobile or industrial accident, improperly-administered execution by hanging or other violent injury. An explosion is a sudden increase in Volume and release of Energy in an extreme manner usually with the generation of high Temperatures and the release Hanging is the lethal suspension of a person by a ligature The Oxford English Dictionary states that hanging in this sense is "specifically to put to death Suicide by decapitation is rare, but not unknown. An executioner carrying out decapitations is called a headsman. For other meanings of the term see Executioner (disambiguation.

The word decapitation can also refer, on occasion, to the removal of the head from a body that is already dead. With regard to living things, a body is the integral physical material of an individual This might be done to take the head as a trophy, for public display, to make the deceased more difficult to identify, or for other reasons. Headhunting is the practice of taking a person's head after killing him or her A gibbet is any of several different devices used in the public execution of criminals and the deterrence of future crime

In an analogous fashion, decapitation can also refer to the removal of a head of an organization. If, for example, the leader of a country were killed, that might be referred to as 'decapitation'.

Decapitation is fatal, as brain death occurs within seconds to minutes without the support of the organism's body. Brain death is a legal definition of death that emerged in the 1960s as a response to the ability to resuscitate individuals and mechanically keep the heart and lungs working

Contents 1 History 1.1 Honour 1.2 Painlessness 1.3 Guillotine 1.4 German Fallbeil 1.5 Nordic Countries 1.6 Book of Revelation 1.7 China 1.8 Japan 1.9 India 2 Modern world 2.1 Sharia law 2.2 Terrorist Decapitation 2.3 Bosnia and Herzegovina 2.4 Colombia 2.5 Philippines 2.6 Indonesia 2.7 Saudi Arabia 2.8 Thailand 2.9 Chechnya 2.10 Iraq 2.11 Ghulam Nabi (Pakistan) 2.12 Somalia 3 Notable people who have been beheaded 3.1 Biblical Accounts 3.2 Christian Saints 3.3 Islamic 3.4 Germany 3.5 China 3.6 Japan 3.7 Britain 3.8 Colonial Americas 3.9 French Revolution 3.10 World War II 3.11 Turkey 3.12 Iraq 3.13 Netherlands 3.14 Russia 3.15 United States 3.16 Switzerland 3.17 Saudi Arabia 4 See also 5 References 6 External links

History

Honour

Decapitation has been used as a form of capital punishment for millennia. Capital punishment, the death penalty or execution, is the Killing of a person by judicial process as Punishment. The terms "capital offence", "capital crime", "capital punishment," derive from the Latin caput, "head", referring to the punishment for serious offenses involving the forfeiture of the head; i. e. death by beheading^[1]. Decapitation by sword (or axe, a military weapon as well) was sometimes considered the "honourable" way to die for an aristocrat, who, presumably being a warrior, could often expect to die by the sword in any event; in England it was considered a privilege of noblemen to be beheaded. Aristocracy is a form of Government, where rule is established through an internal struggle over who has the most status and influence over society and internal relations This would be distinguished from a "dishonourable" death on the gallows or through burning at the stake. A gallows is a frame typically wooden used for execution by Hanging. Execution by burning has a long history as a method of Punishment for Crimes such as Treason, Heresy and Witchcraft High Treason by nobles was punished by beheading; male commoners, including knights, were hanged, drawn, and quartered; female commoners were burned at the stake. See also Treason, High treason in the United Kingdom High treason is criminal disloyalty to one's country Knight is the English term for a social position originating in the Middle Ages. To be hanged drawn and quartered was the penalty once ordained in England for the crime of High treason. Execution by burning has a long history as a method of Punishment for Crimes such as Treason, Heresy and Witchcraft

In countries where beheading was the usual means of capital punishment, such as in Scandinavia, the noblemen would be beheaded with a sword, symbolizing their class as a military caste, thus dying by an instrument of war, while the commoners would be beheaded with an axe.

Painlessness

If the headsman's axe or sword was sharp and his aim was true, decapitation was quick and was presumed to be a relatively painless form of death. For other meanings of the term see Executioner (disambiguation. The axe, or ax, is an implement that has been used for millennia to shape split and cut Wood, Harvest timber, as a Weapon An executioner's sword is a Sword designed specifically for Decapitation of condemned criminals (as opposed to combat) If the instrument was blunt or the executioner clumsy, however, multiple strokes might be required to sever the head. The person to be executed was therefore advised to give a gold coin to the headsman so that he did his job with care. Gold (ˈɡoʊld is a Chemical element with the symbol Au (from its Latin name aurum) and Atomic number 79 main - title Coin keywords numismatics coin review Not getting their proper money's worth, Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of Essex and Mary, Queen of Scots required three strikes at their respective executions. Robert Devereux 2nd Earl of Essex ( 10 November 1566 &ndash 25 February 1601) a favourite of Queen Elizabeth I of England But compared to Essex and Mary, Margaret Pole, 8th Countess of Salisbury required at ten strokes before the fatal blow. Margaret Pole ( née Plantagenet) 8th Countess of Salisbury ( 14 August 1473 &ndash 27 May 1541) was an

To ensure the blow would be fatal, executioners' swords usually were blade-heavy two-handed swords. Saints Cosmas and Damian (Κοσμάς και Δαμιανός (died ca Fra Angelico (c 1395 &ndash February 18 1455) born Guido di Pietro, was an Early Italian Renaissance painter referred to in Vasari Likewise, if an axe was used, it almost invariably would be used by both hands.

Guillotine

Decapitation by guillotine was a common, mechanically-assisted form of execution, invented shortly before the French Revolution (although an earlier version of the guillotine, the Halifax Gibbet, was used in Halifax, England from 1286 until the 17th century). The guillotine ( pronounced /ˈgijətin/ or /ˈgɪlətin/ in English in French was a device used for carrying out executions by Decapitation. Capital punishment, the death penalty or execution, is the Killing of a person by judicial process as Punishment. The French Revolution (1789–1799 was a period of political and social upheaval in the History of France, during which the French governmental structure previously an The Halifax Gibbet in the town of Halifax, West Yorkshire, England, was an early Guillotine, or decapitating machine Halifax is a large Market town within the Metropolitan Borough of Calderdale, in West Yorkshire, England, with a population of 82056 in the The aim was to create a painless and quick form of execution that did not require great skill to carry out. The executioner, after chopping off the head, would hold it up to the crowd. It was believed (with dubious evidence) that the head could still see for around ten seconds. The French had a strict code of etiquette surrounding the executions; a man named Legros, one of the assistants at the execution of Charlotte Corday, was imprisoned and dismissed for slapping the face of the victim after the blade had fallen in order to see whether any flicker of life remained. Marie-Anne Charlotte de Corday d'Armont ( July 27, 1768 – July 17, 1793) known to history as Charlotte Corday, was a figure of the The guillotine was used in France during the French Revolution and remained the normal judicial method in both peacetime and wartime into the 1970s, the firing squad being used in certain cases. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Execution by firing squad is a method of Capital punishment, particularly common in times of war France abolished the death penalty in 1981. The guillotine was also used in Algeria before the French relinquished control of it, as shown in Gillo Pontecorvo's film The Battle of Algiers. Algeria ( ar [[Arabic]] الجزائر, Al Jaza'ir ælʤæˈzæːʔir Amazigh: ⴷⵥⴰⵢⴻⵔ Dzayer) officially the People's This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Gillo Pontecorvo ( November 19 1919 &ndash October 12 2006) was an Italian filmmaker, best known for La battaglia di Algeri The Battle of Algiers (La battaglia di Algeri is a 1966 Black-and-white film by Gillo Pontecorvo based on events during the 1954-1962 Algerian Another guillotine existed in Vatican City until recent years. Vatican City, officially the State of the Vatican City (Stato della Città del Vaticano is a Landlocked sovereign City-state whose territory It had been brought in by Napoleon's forces during the early 19th century; and, in 1870, the Pope still claimed the authority to use it and did indeed use it, once. Napoleon Bonaparte (15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821 was a French military and political leader who had a significant impact on the History of Europe. In recent times however, the Vatican has abolished capital punishment in its own jurisdiction, and recent Popes have condemned capital punishment where it is still practiced. History See also History of the Papacy Catholics recognize the Pope as a successor to Saint Peter, who Jesus named as the "shepherd" and

German Fallbeil

Many German states had used a guillotine-like device known as a Fallbeil since the 17th and 18th centuries, and decapitation by guillotine was the usual means of execution in Germany until the abolition of the death penalty in West Germany in 1949. The guillotine ( pronounced /ˈgijətin/ or /ˈgɪlətin/ in English in French was a device used for carrying out executions by Decapitation. In Nazi Germany, the guillotine was reserved for criminal convicts and political crimes including treason. Nazi Germany and the Third Reich are the common English names for Germany under the regime of Adolf Hitler and the National Socialist German Workers A famous example of the guillotine being used was the members of the White Rose resistance movement, a group of students in Munich led by Sophie Scholl and her brother Hans. Also see Die weiße Rose (opera and Sophie Scholl – Die letzten Tage The White Rose (die Weiße Rose was a non-violent Sophia Magdalena Scholl ( 9 May 1921 - 22 February 1943) was a member of the White Rose Non-violent resistance Hans Scholl ( 22 September 1918 - 22 February 1943) was a core and founding member of the White Rose resistance movement Contrary to popular myth, executions were generally not conducted face-up, and chief executioner Johann Reichhart was peculiarly insistent on maintaining "professional" protocol throughout the era, having administered the death penalty during the earlier Weimar era. Johann Reichhart ( 29 April 1893 — 26 April 1972) was a German Executioner. Nonetheless, the Nazis' use of the Fallbeil was chillingly routine. It is estimated that some 40,000 persons were guillotined in Germany and Austria between 1933 and 1945. This number includes resistance fighters both in Nazi Germany itself and in those countries that were occupied by them. As these resistance fighters were not part of any regular army they were considered common criminals and were in many cases taken to Germany and decapitated. Decapitation was considered a "dishonorable" death, unlike an "honorable" death, e. g. , by execution by firing squad. Execution by firing squad is a method of Capital punishment, particularly common in times of war

Nordic Countries

In Nordic Countries, decapitation was the usual means of carrying out capital punishment. Ambrogio Lorenzetti (or Ambruogio Laurati; c 1290 &ndash June 9, 1348) was an Italian painter of the Sienese school. The Nordic countries make up a region in Northern Europe called the Nordic region, consisting of Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Noblemen were beheaded with a sword, and commoners with an axe. The axe, or ax, is an implement that has been used for millennia to shape split and cut Wood, Harvest timber, as a Weapon The last executions by decapitation in Finland in 1825, Norway in 1876 and in Iceland in 1830 were carried out with axes. Finland, officially the Republic of Finland ( is a Nordic country situated in the Fennoscandian region of northern Europe. Norway ( Norwegian: Norge ( Bokmål) or Noreg ( Nynorsk) officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Constitutional Iceland, officially the Republic of Iceland ( ( Ísland or Lýðveldið Ísland ( The same was the case in Denmark in 1892. The Kingdom of Denmark ( ˈd̥ænmɑɡ̊ (archaic ˈd̥anmɑːɡ̊ commonly known as Denmark, is a country in the Scandinavian region of northern Europe The last decapitation in Sweden was carried out in 1910 with a guillotine. "Sverige" redirects here For other uses see Sweden (disambiguation and Sverige (disambiguation. The guillotine ( pronounced /ˈgijətin/ or /ˈgɪlətin/ in English in French was a device used for carrying out executions by Decapitation. The last execution in Sweden carried out with an axe was in 1900.

Book of Revelation

It is of note that in the biblical Book of Revelation, beheading is named as a method of execution of Christian martyrs during a great persecution (Rev. Etymology According to the Online Etymology Dictionary, the word bible is from Latin biblia, traced from the same word through Medieval Latin and Late Latin The Book of Revelation, also called Revelation to John, Apocalypse of John ( pronounced, from the Ἀποκάλυψις Ἰωάννου A Christian is a person who adheres to Christianity, a monotheistic Religion centered on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth 20:4). There is no historical record of precisely such an event, so certain commentators believe that this verse refers to a last great persecution of the church that some Christians believe will occur shortly before the Second Coming of Christ. In Christianity, the Second Coming is the anticipated return of Jesus Christ from Heaven to earth an event that will fulfill aspects of Messianic There are some who interpret this as losing the natural (or carnal) mind, and taking on the "mind of Christ".

China

In traditional China decapitation was considered a more severe form of punishment than strangulation although strangulation caused more-prolonged suffering. China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National This was because the Chinese believed that their bodies were gifts from their parents, and that it was therefore disrespectful to their ancestors to return their bodies to the grave dismembered. The Chinese however had other punishments, such as the lingering death, that involved cutting the body into multiple pieces. For the Belgian grindcore band see Leng Tch'e. For the Naked City album see Leng Tch'e (album. In addition, there was also a practice of cutting the body at the waist, which was a common way of execution before being abolished in early Qing dynasty.

Japan

In Japan, decapitation was a common punishment, sometimes for minor offenses. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. Samurai were often allowed to decapitate soldiers who had fled from battle, as it was considered cowardly. is the term for the military nobility of Pre-industrial Japan. Decapitation was historically performed as the second step in seppuku (ritual suicide by disembowelment). is a form of Japanese ritual suicide by Disembowelment. Seppuku was originally reserved only for Samurai. Disembowelment ( evisceration) is the removing of some or all of the vital organs usually from the Abdomen. After the victim had sliced his own abdomen open, another warrior would strike his head off from behind with a katana to hasten death and to reduce the suffering. In Vertebrates such as Mammals the abdomen (belly constitutes the part of the body between the Thorax (chest and Pelvis. A is a type of Japanese sword ( nihontō) and often is called a "samurai sword The blow was expected to be precise enough to leave intact a small strip of skin at the front of the neck - to spare invited and honored guests the indelicacy of witnessing a decapitated head rolling about, or towards them, whilst spraying blood; such an event would have been considered inelegant and in bad taste. The sword was expected to be used upon the slightest sign that the practitioner might yield to pain and cry out - avoiding dishonor to him, and to all partaking in the privilege of observing an honorable demise. As skill was involved, only the most trusted warrior was honored enough to take part. In the late Sengoku period, decapitation was performed as soon as the person chosen to carry out seppuku had made the slightest wound to his abdomen. Decapitation (without seppuku) was also considered the severest and most degrading form of punishment. One of the most brutal decapitations was that of a daimyo, Ishida Mitsunari, who had warred against Ieyasu Tokugawa. The ( were powerful territorial lords who ruled most of Japan from their vast hereditary land holdings Ishida Mitsunari (ja 石田 三成 1560 - November 6, 1600) was a Samurai who led the Western army in the Battle of Sekigahara  was the founder and first Shogun  of the Tokugawa shogunate After he lost the Battle of Sekigahara, he was buried in the ground and his head was sawn off with a blunt bamboo saw. Background and pretext Even though Toyotomi Hideyoshi unified Japan and consolidated his power following the Siege of Odawara in 1590 his ill-fated These unusual punishments were abolished in the early Meiji era. The, or Meiji era, denotes the 45-year reign of the Meiji Emperor, running in the Gregorian calendar, from 23 October 1868 to 30 July However, the Japanese used decapitation extensively during World War II, especially against Chinese Nationals. A particularly brutal case is that of the Nanking Massacre, in which thousands of Chinese were killed through decapitation. The Japanese viewed the Chinese, Koreans, and other Asians as inferior to Japan and not worthy of humane treatment, partially explaining the many decapitations carried out by the Japanese. After World War II, Japan stopped using decapitation as a punishment against both Japanese citizens and foreign citizens.

India

The Muslim rulers of India, especially the Mughals, treated their religious rivals with exceptional severity. A Muslim (مسلم pronounced Muslim, not Muzlim) is an adherent of the Religion India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country The Mughal Empire ( Persian and self-designation گورکانی; مغلیہ سلطنت) was an Islamic imperial power which ruled most The Sikh Guru Tegh Bahadur was openly beheaded at Chandni Chowk in Delhi by Aurangzeb after he refused to convert to Islam. Sikh (English or; ਸਿੱਖ sikkh, IPA) is the title and name given to an adherent of Sikhism. Guru Tegh Bahadur ( 1 April 1621 – 11 November 1675) became the 9th Guru of Sikhism on Chandni Chowk ( Hindi: चाँदनी चौक Punjabi: ਚਾਂਦਨੀ ਚੌਂਕ Urdu: چاندنی چوک meaning Moonlit Avenue is Delhi (दिल्ली ਦਿੱਲੀ دلی d̪ɪlːiː sometimes referred to as Dilli) is the second largest metropolis of India, with a population Aurangzeb ( (full title Al-Sultan al-Azam wal Khaqan al-Mukarram Abul Muzaffar Muhiuddin Muhammad Aurangzeb Bahadur Alamgir I Padshah Ghazi) ( November 4, To add insult to the injury he forbade any ritual cremation of the Guru. An infuriated Jaita the Rangretta, a sweeper-caste devotee of the Guru, snatched the head away from the executioners and brought it to Anandpur Sahib for the traditional ceremony. Anandpur Sahib (ਅਨੰਦਪੁਰ ਸਾਹਿਬआनन्दपुर साहिब is a city and a Municipal council in Rupnagar district in the state The headless torso was also stolen by another devotee of the Guru and cremated in Delhi.

Modern world

Sharia law

Decapitation by sword has in modern times occurred in jurisdictions subject to Islamic Sharia Law. For other meanings including people named 'Islam' see Islam (disambiguation. Sharia ( Arabic: ar شريعة) is the body of Islamic Religious law. As of 2007, Saudi Arabia, Yemen, and Qatar all had laws allowing decapitation, but only Saudi Arabia was known to practice the sentence; a curved, single-edged sword is used, in public. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, KSA ( المملكة العربية السعودية, al-Mamlaka al-ʻArabiyya as-Suʻūdiyya) or Suudi Yemen ( Arabic: اليَمَن al-Yaman officially the Republic of Yemen ( Arabic: الجمهورية اليمنية al-Jumhuuriyya Qatar ( قطر; ˈqɑtˁɑr local pronunciation giṭar officially the State of Qatar (Arabic دولة قطر transliterated This event is carried out in the main mosque of the city on Friday following prayers. Rape, murder, drug crimes, and religious crimes draw this public punishment.

Terrorist Decapitation

Militant Islamic groups have, in recent years, begun carrying out beheadings. Among those who practiced this slaughter were Abu Musab al-Zarqawi and Khalid Sheikh Mohammed, who confessed to beheading American journalist Daniel Pearl. Abu Musab al-Zarqawi (أبومصعب الزرقاوي, Abu Musab from Zarqa)) (October 30 1966 – June 7 2006 born Ahmad Fadeel al-Nazal Khalid Sheikh Mohammed ( خالد شيخ محمد; also transliterated as Khalid Shaikh Mohammed, and additionally known by at least fifty aliases The United States of America —commonly referred to as the A journalist (also called a newspaperman) is a person who practices Journalism, the gathering and dissemination of information about current events trends Daniel Pearl ( October 10, 1963 – February 1, 2002) was an American Journalist who was kidnapped and murdered in

Bosnia and Herzegovina

During the war in Bosnia and Herzegovina (1992-1995) there were a number of ritual beheadings of Serbs who were taken as prisoners of war by mujahedin members of the Bosnian Army. The War in Bosnia and Herzegovina, commonly known as the Bosnian War, was an international armed conflict that took place between March 1992 and November 1995 A Mujahid (Arabic ar مجاهد, literally "struggler" is a Muslim involved in a Jihad, id est fighting in a war or The Army of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina ( ARBiH; Armija Republike Bosne i Hercegovine) was a military force of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina At least one case is documented and proven in court by the ICTY where mujahedin, members of 3rd Corps of Army BiH, beheaded Bosnian Serb Dragan Popović. The International Tribunal for the Prosecution of Persons Responsible for Serious Violations of International Humanitarian Law Committed in the Territory of the Former Yugoslavia since 1991 Serbs are one of the three constitutive nations of Bosnia-Herzegovina, predominantly concentrated in the Republic of Srpska ^[2][3]

Colombia

Less orthodox instances of decapitation have also occurred in recent times in some areas of Colombia. Colombia (kəˈlʌmbɪə officially the Republic of Colombia () is a country in northwestern South America. Marxist FARC guerrilla as well as right-wing paramilitary groups such as the AUC have sometimes used this method to intimidate local populations and political opponents, and it has not been uncommon for criminal gangs of druglords to also make limited use of decapitation on occasion. Marxism is the political philosophy and practice derived from the work of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. The Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia – People’s Army (Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia – Ejército del Pueblo also known by the Acronym of The United Self-Defense Forces of Colombia ( Autodefensas Unidas de Colombia, or AUC, in Spanish) were formed in April 1997 as an umbrella The primary means of decapitation in these cases has been the use of a machete or a chainsaw. The machete (məˈʃɛti is a large cleaver -like cutting tool A chainsaw (or chain saw) is a portable mechanical motorized Saw.

Philippines

The militant Islamic separatist group Abu Sayyaf is known to practice beheading in the southern islands of the Philippines. "Sword of God" redirects here For the 7th century Arab Muslim military commander known as the "Sword of God" see Khalid ibn al-Walid. The Philippines ( Filipino: Pilipinas, officially known as the Republic of the Philippines (fil ''Republika ng Pilipinas'' RP ^[4]

Indonesia

In largely Muslim Indonesia, three Christian schoolgirls were beheaded and one other was critically wounded by Islamist extremists in October 2005. The Republic of Indonesia ( (Republik Indonesia is a Country in Southeast Asia. ^[5]

Saudi Arabia

In April 2005, Saudi Arabian authorities beheaded six Somali nationals for auto theft, causing tension between the two countries. Without a government however, Somalia couldn't intervene on behalf of its citizens. Somalis all over the world have protested the Saudi action.

Saudi Arabian authorities also beheaded four men in February 2007— Sangeeth Kumara, Victor Corea, Ranjith Silva and Sanath Pushpakumara. These four Sri Lankan workers were convicted in a Saudi Arabian court for an armed robbery committed in October 2004. Their deaths sparked reactions from the international human rights watchdog Amnesty International, which called on the Saudi authorities to abolish the death sentence. Amnesty International (commonly known as Amnesty or AI) is a Western based international Non-governmental organization which defines its mission as "to The court also ruled that the bodies of the four workers be crucified for public view as an example for others. In most of the cases the respective embassy gets notification only after the execution thereby eliminating chances for international or diplomatic uproar. ^[6]

On January 12, 2008, an Indonesian housemaid was beheaded in Saudi Arabia after being convicted of killing her employer. Events 475 - Basiliscus becomes Byzantine Emperor, with a coronation ceremony in the Hebdomon palace in Constantinople 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common ^[7]

Thailand

In Southern Thailand, there were at least 15 cases where Buddhists have been beheaded in 2005. The Kingdom of Thailand (ˈtaɪlænd ราชอาณาจักรไทย, râːtɕʰa-ʔaːnaːtɕɑ̀k-tʰɑj Buddhism is a family of beliefs and practices Thai officials suspect the attackers are part of the South Thailand insurgency who are seeking to separate the Muslim-dominated south from the rest of Thailand^[8][9]. The South Thailand insurgency is a Separatist campaign by Islamist terrorists which is taking place in the predominantly Malay Pattani region, made up of the

Chechnya

Chechen rebels were known to practice beheading against the captured Russian Army soldiers during the First Chechen War and the Second Chechen War. The Chechen Republic (ˈʧɛʧɨn rɪˈpʌblɨk Чече́нская Респу́блика Chechenskaya Respublika; Нохчийн Республика Noxçiyn Respublika The First Chechen War also known as the War in Chechnya was fought between Russia and Chechnya from 1994 to 1996 and resulted in Chechnya's The Second Chechen War, in a later phase better known as the War in the North Caucasus, was launched by the Russian Federation starting August 26 Four Western telecommunication workers (three Britons and a New Zealander) who were taken hostage for ransom in Chechnya in 1998, were eventually beheaded and their heads were found on a side of a road^[10]. In 1999, a beheading video was widely circulated on the internet, depicting a Russian soldier being beheaded by Chechen rebels. Colloquial term in the US popularized during the War on Terror for videos released by Islamist militant groups depicting interviews by hostages taken by said groups

Iraq

Beheadings have emerged as another tactic especially in Iraq since April of 2003. Foreign civilians have borne the brunt of the beheadings, although U. S. and Iraqi military personnel have also been targeted. After kidnapping the victim, the kidnappers typically make some sort of demand of the government of the hostage's nation and give a time limit for the demand to be carried out, often 72 hours. Beheading is often threatened if the government fails to heed the wishes of the hostage takers. Frequently the crude beheadings are videotaped and made available on the Internet.

Judicial execution is practiced in Iraq, but is generally carried out by hanging. Hanging is the lethal suspension of a person by a ligature The Oxford English Dictionary states that hanging in this sense is "specifically to put to death

Ghulam Nabi (Pakistan)

A video obtained by the Associated Press on April 20, 2007 shows a young boy, appearing to be around 12 years of age, viciously beheading a man identified as Ghulam Nabi, a Pakistani militant accused of betraying the Taliban. The Associated Press ( AP) is an American News agency. The AP is a Cooperative owned by its contributing Newspapers radio Events 1303 - The University of Rome La Sapienza is instituted by Pope Boniface VIII. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Ghulam Nabi was a Pakistani militant involved with the Taliban and had fought against the pro-American Northern Alliance in Afghanistan during The Taliban ( طالبان, also anglicised as Taleban; translation "students" is a Sunni Islamist, predominately According to the AP report, "A continuous 2 1/2-minute shot then shows the victim lying on his side on a patch of rubble-strewn ground. A man holds Nabi by his beard while the boy, wearing a camouflage military jacket and oversized white sneakers, cuts into the throat. Other men and boys call out "Allahu akbar!" — "Allah is greater!" — as blood spurts from the wound. The film, overlain with jihadi songs, then shows the boy hacking and slashing at the man's neck until the head is severed. "^[11]

Somalia

On March 13 2008, it was reported that Hizbul Shabaab militants fighting the presence of an interim government backed by thousands of Ethiopian combat troops in Somalia beheaded three government soldiers. Events 1138 - Cardinal Gregorio Conti is elected Antipope as Victor IV, succeeding Anacletus II. Al-Shabaab (Arabic "The Youth") also known as As-Shabaab, Hizbul Shabaab (Arabic "The Party of Youth") and It was the first case of beheadings since the government and its Ethiopian military allies ousted the Islamists from power in late 2006, sparking a bloody insurgency characterised by roadside bombs and hit-and-run attacks. ^[12]

Notable people who have been beheaded

Biblical Accounts

• Goliath (according to scripture, this example illustrates the aforementioned "removal-of-the-head-from-a-body-that-is-already-dead" variety)
• John the Baptist in the Gospels
• Holofernes in the deuterocanonical Book of Judith (historical accuracy disputed)
• Apostle James, traditionally
• Apostle Paul, traditionally

Christian Saints

• Saint Acisclus
• Saint Agnes
• Saint Alban (around 304)
• Saint Ansanus
• Saint Anthimus of Rome
• Saint Christopher
• Saint Columba of Spain. SALOME (pronounced in English using the French sah-loh-may is the Open Source Integration Platform for Numerical Simulation Saint John the Baptist ( heb. Jochanan ben Sacharja, arab. يحيى Yaḥyā or يوحنا Yūḥanna, aram. Tiziano Vecelli or Tiziano Vecellio (c 1485 &ndash August 27 1576 better known as Titian, was the leading painter of the 16th-century Venetian Goliath ( גָּלְיָת, Standard Hebrew Golyat, Tiberian Hebrew Golyāṯ, Arabic: جالوت Jalut (Muslim Saint John the Baptist ( heb. Jochanan ben Sacharja, arab. يحيى Yaḥyā or يوحنا Yūḥanna, aram. This article is about the canonical books of the New Testament Holofernes ( Hebrew, הולופרנס was an Assyrian invading general of Nebuchadnezzar, who appears in the deuterocanonical Book " Deuterocanonical books " is a term used since the sixteenth century in the Roman Catholic Church and Eastern Christianity to describe certain books and passages For people and places called Saint James, see the Saint James disambiguation page Paul the apostle (שאול התרסי Šaʾul HaTarsi, meaning " Saul of Tarsus " Σαούλ Saul and Σαῦλος Saulos and Saint Acisclus (also Ascylus, Ocysellus; Santo Acisclo; Saint Aciscle) (died 304 was a Martyr of Córdoba, in Saint Agnes (291–304 feast day January 21) is a Virgin Martyr Saint of the Roman Catholic Church and Eastern Catholic Churches Saint Alban was the first British Christian Martyr. Along with his fellow Saints Julius and Aaron, Alban is one of three martyrs remembered Saint Ansanus ( Italian: Sant'Ansano) (died 304 AD called The Baptizer or The Apostle of Siena, is the Patron saint of Saint Anthimus of Rome ( Sant'Antimo) (died 303 is a Christian saint Saint Christopher ( Greek: Άγιος Χριστόφορος) is a Saint venerated by Roman Catholics and Orthodox Christians Saint Columba of Spain, or Columba of Cordova (Cordoba, was a Nun who was born in Cordoba, Spain and died around 853 Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula.
• Saint Columba of France. See Columba (disambiguation, St Columb and Sainte-Colombe for other uses Saint Columba of Sens (c. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics.
• Saint Columba (the Virgin) of Cornwall, England. See Columba (disambiguation and St Columb for other uses Saint Columba the Virgin is a female saint with dedications in Cornwall Cornwall ( Kernow ˈkɛɹnɔʊ is the most southwesterly county of England, on the Peninsula that lies to the west of the River Tamar England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland
• Saints Cosmas and Damian
• Saint Denis, who carried his head to his final resting place, a familiar hagiographical trope (see Cephalophore). Saints Cosmas and Damian (Κοσμάς και Δαμιανός (died ca Saint Denis (also called Dionysius, Dennis, or Denys) is a Christian martyr and Saint. A literary trope (from Greek τρόπος - tropos "turn" related to the root of τρέπω - trepō "to turn to direct A cephalophore (from the Greek for "head-carrier" is a Saint who is generally depicted carrying his head in his hands in art this was usually meant to
• Saint Diomedes
• Saint Eurosia
• Saint Felicitas of Rome
• Saints Felix and Nabor
• Saint Firmus and Saint Rusticus
• Saint Gereon
• Saint Gordianus
• Saint John de Brito
• Saint Marcellus
• Saint Maximilian
• Saint Nicasius of Rheims, at Rheims
• Saint Oliver Plunkett in Ireland
• Saint Pancras
• Saint Polyeuctus
• Saint Quiteria
• Saints Rufina and Secunda
• Saints Simplicius and Faustinus
• Saint Typasius
• Saint Urith of Chittlehampton, Devon, England. Saint Diomedes (Diomede of Tarsus (d between 298 and 311 AD is venerated as a Christian Saint and Martyr. For the Blessed Eurosia Fabris see Eurosia Fabris. For the Moth Genus, see Eurosia (moth. Saint Felicitas (Felicity of Rome (c 101 - 165 is a Christian Martyr Saint. Saints Nabor and Felix were martyred during the reign of Emperor Diocletian in 303 Saints Firmus and Rusticus (San Fermo e San Rustico (d ca 290 AD are venerated as two martyrs of Verona. Saint Gereon of Köln (Géréon who may have been a Soldier, was martyred at Cologne, allegedly by beheading, probably in the early 4th Saints Gordianus and Epimachus were Roman Martyrs, who were killed during the reign of Julian the Apostate, 362 commemorated on 10 May. Saint John de Brito (João de Brito (born in Lisbon, Portugal, on March 1 1647 – died at Oriyur, Tamil Nadu, Saint Marcellus of Tangier (Marcellus the Centurion (San Marcelo (d Saint Maximilian of Tebessa is a Christian Saint whose feast day is observed on 12 March. Saint Nicasius of Rheims (Saint-Nicaise (d 407 was a Bishop of Rheims from 400 until his death Reims (alternative English spelling Rheims; riːmz in English and /ʁɛ̃s/ in French) is a city of the Champagne-Ardenne région of northern Saint Oliver Plunkett ( 1 November 1629 &ndash 1 July 1681) was the Roman Catholic Archbishop of Armagh Ireland (pronounced /ˈaɾlənd/ Éire) is the third largest island in Europe, and the twentieth-largest island in the world For things named after Saint Pancras see the disambiguation page St Pancras. Saint Polyeuctus (Polyeuctes Polyeuktos of Melitene (d January 10, 259) is an ancient Roman Saint. Saint Quiteria (Quiteria Quitterie Quitéria was a 5th century Virgin Martyr and Saint. Saints Rufina and Secunda (Sante Rufina e Seconda (3rd century - 257 were Roman martyrs and Christian Saints. Saints Simplicius Faustinus and Beatrice (or Beatrix Viatrix) were a group of Christian Martyrs who died in Rome during the Diocletian Saint Typasius ( San Tipasio) (d January 11, 304) is venerated as a Military saint by the Catholic Church. Urith (more properly in Welsh Iwerydd, but also known in Latin as Hieritha and occasionally currupted to Erth) was a south-western Chittlehampton is a village and Civil parish in the North Devon district of Devon, England. Devon is a large county in the South West of England. The county is also referred to as Devonshire, but that is an entirely unofficial name England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland
• Saint Venantius, at Camerino
• Saint Winefride of Flintshire in Wales. Saint Venantius (San Venanzio of Camerino (d ca 250 is an Italian Saint, and the patron of Camerino. Camerino is small town of 7000 inhabitants in the Marches ( Marche region in the Province of Macerata, Italy. Saint Winefride (called in her native Welsh Gwenffrewi; in modern English Winifred and various variations was a legendary 7th century History The current administrative area of Flintshire (a Unitary authority) came into existence in 1996 when the former Administrative county of Clwyd
• Saint Andrew Kim Taegon of Korea
• Saint Thomas More

Islamic

• 680 Imam Husayn bin Ali and his 72 companions at the Battle of Karbala. Andrew Kim Taegon (김대건 안드레아 was the first Korean born Catholic priest Korea is a geographic area composed of two sovereign countries a civilization and a former state situated on the Korean Peninsula in East Asia. Sir Thomas More (7 February 1478 – 6 July 1535 from 1935 Saint Thomas More, was an English Lawyer, author and statesman who in his lifetime gained An imam (إمام plural ائمة A'immah, امام is an Islamic leader often the leader of a Mosque and/or community Ḥusayn ibn ‘Alī ibn Abī Ṭālib ( ar حسين بن علي بن أﺑﻲ طالب)‎ (third of Shaban 4 AH / 8th January 626 AD at Medina The Battle of Karbala took place on Muharram 10 61 AH ( October 9 or 10 680 CE in Karbala, in present day Iraq.

Germany

• In July 1931, notorious serial killer Peter Kürten, known as "The Vampire of Düsseldorf", was executed on the guillotine in Cologne. Peter Kürten ( May 26 1883 - July 2 1931) was a German Serial killer dubbed The Vampire of Düsseldorf
• On 1 August 1933, in Altona, Bruno Tesch and three others were beheaded. Events 30 BC - Octavian (later known as Augustus enters Alexandria, Egypt, bringing it under the control of the Roman Year 1933 ( MCMXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Altona (ˈaltona is the westernmost urban borough ( Bezirk) of the German city state of Hamburg, on the right bank of the Elbe Bruno Guido Camillo Tesch (April 22 1913 - August 1 1933) was a German anti fascist These were the first executions in the Third Reich. Nazi Germany and the Third Reich are the common English names for Germany under the regime of Adolf Hitler and the National Socialist German Workers The executions concerned the Altona Bloody Sunday (Altonaer Blutsonntag) riot, an SA march on 17 July 1932 that turned violent and led to 18 people being shot dead ^[13][14]. The, abbreviated SA, ( German for "Assault detachment" or "Assault section" usually translated as " stormtroop(ers Events 180 - Twelve inhabitants of Scillium in North Africa are executed for being Christians Year 1932 ( MCMXXXII) was a Leap year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar.
• In February 1935 Benita von Falkenhayn and Renate von Natzmer were beheaded with the axe and block in Berlin for espionage for Poland. Benita von Falkenhayn, maiden name von Zollikofer - Altenklingen (born ca Renate von Natzmer ( 1898 - February 18, 1935) was a German noblewoman who worked for the Army during the Weimar Republic Berlin is the capital city and one of sixteen states of Germany. Poland (Polska officially the Republic of Poland Axe beheading was the only method of executions in Berlin until 1938.
• In February 1943, university students Hans Scholl, his sister Sophie Scholl, and Christoph Probst of the White Rose protest movement, for distributing anti-war and anti-Nazi leaflets. Hans Scholl ( 22 September 1918 - 22 February 1943) was a core and founding member of the White Rose resistance movement Sophia Magdalena Scholl ( 9 May 1921 - 22 February 1943) was a member of the White Rose Non-violent resistance Christoph Probst (born November 6 1919 in Murnau am Staffelsee: Executed February 22 1943 in Munich) was a student of Medicine and a member Also see Die weiße Rose (opera and Sophie Scholl – Die letzten Tage The White Rose (die Weiße Rose was a non-violent Four other members of the White Rose were also executed by the Nazi People's Court later that same year. Also see Die weiße Rose (opera and Sophie Scholl – Die letzten Tage The White Rose (die Weiße Rose was a non-violent The People's Court (Volksgerichtshof was a court established in 1934 by German Dictator Adolf Hitler, who had been dissatisfied with the outcome of the The LDS anti-Nazi Helmuth Hübener was also decapitated by People’s Court order. Helmuth Hübener ( 8 January 1925 &ndash 27 October 1942) was the youngest opponent of the Third Reich to be sentenced

China

• Wen Tianxiang
• Guan Yu
• Guan Ping

Japan

• Asano Naganori, lord of the Forty-seven ronin
• Ishida Mitsunari, daimyo and general. Wen Tianxiang ( June 6 1236 &ndash January 9 1283) Duke of Xinguo also Man Tin Cheung in Cantonese, was a scholar-general Guan Yu ( Chinese: 關羽 Guān Yǔ was a general under the warlord Liu Bei during the late Eastern Han Dynasty and Three Kingdoms era of Guan Ping (關平 ? &ndash 219 was the first son of the famed 3rd century military general Guan Yu and elder brother of Guan Xing. was the Daimyo of the Akō Domain in Japan (1675 - 1701 His title was Takumi no Kami (内匠頭 The revenge of the, also known as the Forty-seven Samurai, the Akō vendetta, or the took place in Japan at the start of the eighteenth century Ishida Mitsunari (ja 石田 三成 1560 - November 6, 1600) was a Samurai who led the Western army in the Battle of Sekigahara The ( were powerful territorial lords who ruled most of Japan from their vast hereditary land holdings
• Ankokuji Ekei, Buddhist monk and ally of Mitsunari. Ankokuji Ekei (安國寺惠瓊 (1539 - 1600 was a Daimyo of Aki Province in Japan, as well as a Rinzai Buddhist Monk
• Kondō Isami, commander of the Shinsengumi

Britain

• Sir William Wallace, (1305)
• William Hastings, 1st Baron Hastings (1483)
• Henry Stafford, 2nd Duke of Buckingham (1483)
• Edward Plantagenet, 17th Earl of Warwick (1499)
• Edmund Dudley (1510)
• Richard Empson (1510)
• Edmund de la Pole, 3rd Duke of Suffolk (1513)
• Edward Stafford, 3rd Duke of Buckingham (1521)
• Saint John Fisher (1535)
• Saint Thomas More (1535)
• George Boleyn, Viscount Rochford (1536)
• Anne Boleyn (1536)
• Henry Courtenay, 1st Marquess of Exeter (1539)
• Thomas Cromwell, 1st Earl of Essex (1540)
• Margaret Pole, Countess of Salisbury (1541)
• Catherine Howard (1542)
• Jane Boleyn, Viscountess Rochford (1542)
• Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey (1547)
• Thomas Seymour, 1st Baron Seymour of Sudeley (1549)
• Edward Seymour, 1st Duke of Somerset (1552)
• John Dudley, 1st Duke of Northumberland (1553)
• Lord Guilford Dudley (1554)
• Lady Jane Grey (1554)
• Henry Grey, 1st Duke of Suffolk (1554)
• Thomas Howard, 4th Duke of Norfolk (1572)
• Mary, Queen of Scots (1587)
• Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of Essex (1601)
• Sir Walter Raleigh (1618)
• Thomas Wentworth, 1st Earl of Strafford (1641)
• William Laud (1645)
• Charles I of England and Scotland (1649)
• James Hamilton, 1st Duke of Hamilton (1649)
• Oliver Cromwell (1661) Although already dead, he was beheaded by order of Charles II; some believe his mother ordered him to. was a Japanese Swordsman and Official of the late Edo Period, famed for his role as commander of the Shinsengumi. For the NHK television series see Shinsengumi!. The were a Special police force of the Late shogunate period. London Bridge is a Bridge between the City of London and Southwark in London, England, over the River Thames. Sir William Wallace ( Scottish Gaelic: Uilleam Uallas; c 1272 – 23 August 1305 was a Scottish Knight, Landowner, and Patriot William Hastings 1st Baron Hastings (c 1431 &ndash 13 June 1483) became one of the great powers of the English realm during the reign of Edward Henry Stafford 2nd Duke of Buckingham ( 4 September 1455 &ndash 2 November 1483) played a major role in Richard III of England 's Edward Plantagenet 17th Earl of Warwick and 7th Earl of Salisbury ( 25 February 1475 &ndash 28 November 1499) was the son of George Duke Sir Edmund Dudley (c 1462 &ndash August 17, 1510) minister of Henry VII of England, was a grandson of John Sutton 1st Baron Dudley. Sir Richard Empson (d August 17, 1510) minister of Henry VII king of England, was a son of Peter Empson an influential inhabitant of Towcester Edmund de la Pole 3rd Duke of Suffolk 6th Earl of Suffolk (1471/1472 &ndash April 30 1513) Duke of Suffolk was a son of John de la Pole 2nd Duke Edward Stafford 3rd Duke of Buckingham ( 3 February 1478 &ndash 17 May 1521) was an English nobleman John Cardinal Fisher (c1469 &ndash 22 June, 1535) from 1935 Saint John Fisher, was an English Catholic bishop cardinal and Sir Thomas More (7 February 1478 – 6 July 1535 from 1935 Saint Thomas More, was an English Lawyer, author and statesman who in his lifetime gained George Boleyn Viscount Rochford (c 1504 &ndash May 17 1536) was the brother of Anne Boleyn, the husband of Jane Parker. Anne Boleyn (1501 or 1507 – 19 May 1536 was the Queen of England as the second wife of Henry VIII of England. Henry Courtenay 1st Marquess of Exeter, KG, PC (c 1496–January 9 1539 was the eldest son of William Courtenay 1st Earl of Devon and Catherine Thomas Cromwell 1st Earl of Essex (c 1485 &ndash 28 July 1540) was an English statesman who served as King Henry VIII 's chief minister Margaret Pole ( née Plantagenet) 8th Countess of Salisbury ( 14 August 1473 &ndash 27 May 1541) was an For other Catherine Howards see Catherine Howard (disambiguation Catherine Howard (between 1520 and 1525 – 13 February 1542 also called Jane Boleyn Viscountess Rochford (c 1505 &ndash February 13 1542) was an English noblewoman who lived in the reign of Henry VIII. Henry Howard Earl of Surrey KG (1517 &ndash 19 January 1547) was an English aristocrat and one of the founders of English Renaissance Thomas Seymour 1st Baron Seymour of Sudeley (c 1508 &ndash March 20, 1549) was a son of Sir John Seymour and the former Margarey Wentworth } Edward Seymour 1st Duke of Somerset (c 1506 &ndash 22nd January 1552 was Lord Protector of England in the period between the death of Henry VIII in Lord John Dudley (1501 &ndash 22 August, 1553) was a Tudor general admiral and politician who de facto ruled England in the latter half of King Lady Jane Grey (1536/1537&ndash 12 February 1554) also referred to as Queen Jane, a greatniece of Henry VIII of England, was a claimant Henry Grey Marquess of Dorset ( 17 January 1517 &ndash 23 February 1554) was an English nobleman of the Tudor period Thomas Howard 4th Duke of Norfolk ( 10 March, 1536 &mdash 2 June 1572) was an English nobleman also the 1st Earl of Southampton Robert Devereux 2nd Earl of Essex ( 10 November 1566 &ndash 25 February 1601) a favourite of Queen Elizabeth I of England Sir Walter Raleigh or Ralegh (c 1552 – 29 October 1618 was a famed English writer Poet, Soldier, Courtier and Explorer Thomas Wentworth 1st Earl of Strafford ( April 13, 1593 &ndash May 12, 1641) was an English statesman and a major figure in Archbishop William Laud (7 October 1573 - 10 January 1645 was Archbishop of Canterbury from 1633 to 1645 Charles I, (19 November 1600 &ndash 30 January 1649 was King of England, Scotland and Ireland from 27 March 1625 until his execution. James Hamilton 1st Duke of Hamilton ( June 19, 1606 &ndash March 9, 1649) Scottish nobleman and Civil war General Oliver Cromwell (25 April 1599 Old Style &ndash 3 September 1658 Old Style) was an English military and political leader best known Charles II (Charles Stuart 29 May 1630 – 6 February 1685 was the King of England, Scotland, and Ireland.
• James Scott, 1st Duke of Monmouth (1685)
• Arthur Elphinstone, 6th Lord Balmerinoch (1746). James Crofts, later James Scott 1st Duke of Monmouth and 1st Duke of Buccleuch ( April 9 1649 &ndash July 15 1685) was an English Arthur Elphinstone 6th Lord Balmerino, (1688 - 18 August 1746 was a Scottish nobleman and an officer in the Jacobite army A Jacobite supporter of Prince Charles Edward Stuart, he was taken prisoner at Culloden, he was beheaded on 18 August 1746. For the US politician see Charles E Stuart For "Betty Burke" see The 'Forty-Five' below His last words to the executioner were "Take care with that damned axe !"
• William Boyd, 4th Earl of Kilmarnock. William Boyd (1704– 18 August 1746) 4th Earl of Kilmarnock, was a Scottish Nobleman. A Jacobite supporter of Prince Charles Edward Stuart, he was taken prisoner at Culloden, he was beheaded on 18 August 1746. For the US politician see Charles E Stuart For "Betty Burke" see The 'Forty-Five' below
• Simon Fraser, 11th Lord Lovat (1747). Simon Fraser Lord Lovat (c 1667 &ndash April 9, 1747, London) Scottish Jacobite, chief of Clan Fraser, was famous for his A prominent veteran Jacobite supporter of Prince Charles Edward Stuart. For the US politician see Charles E Stuart For "Betty Burke" see The 'Forty-Five' below Though too old to participate in the 1745 Rising, he was chosen by the British Crown for execution in lieu of his youthful son, who had actually led Clan Fraser for the Jacobite cause.

Colonial Americas

• Panama

Vasco Núñez de Balboa was the Spanish conquistador who discovered the Pacific Ocean (1519)

• Brazil

Joaquim José da Silva Xavier (Tiradentes). Vasco Núñez de Balboa (1475&ndash January 15, 1519 was a Spanish Explorer, Governor, and Conquistador. Joaquim José da Silva Xavier, known as Tiradentes ( August 16, 1746 &ndash- April 21, 1792) was a leading member of the Brazilian The body was quartered after his hanging (1792)

• Mexico

Miguel Hidalgo and Ignacio Allende, Mexican insurgentes were beheaded after their executions by Firing Squad in 1811. The United Mexican States ( or commonly Mexico (ˈmɛksɪkoʊ () is a federal constitutional Republic in North America. Miguel Gregorio Antonio Ignacio Hidalgo y Costilla Gallaga Mondarte Villaseñor ( May 8 1753 &ndash July 30 1811) also known as Miguel Ignacio José de Allende y Unzaga ( January 21, 1769 &mdash June 26, 1811) was a captain of the Spanish Army in Mexico who came Execution by firing squad is a method of Capital punishment, particularly common in times of war

French Revolution

• Marie Antoinette
• Louis XVI of France
• Georges Danton
• Madame du Barry
• Antoine Lavoisier
• Madame Élisabeth
• Maximilien Robespierre
• Charlotte Corday

World War II

• Franz Jägerstätter
• Maria Restituta

Turkey

• Asteğmen Kubilay

Iraq

• Shosei Koda
• Kim Sun-il
• Kenneth Bigley
• Nick Berg
• Eugene Armstrong
• Jack Hensley
• Maher Kemal

Netherlands

• Wijard Gerlofs Donia
• Johan van Oldenbarnevelt
• Marinus van der Lubbe

Russia

• In August 2007 a video surfaced on the Internet of Russian neo-Nazis beheading a one man and shooting one other. The French Revolution (1789–1799 was a period of political and social upheaval in the History of France, during which the French governmental structure previously an Maria Antonia Josepha Johanna von Habsburg-Lothringen (November 2 1755 &ndash October 16 1793 known to history as Marie Antoinette ( pronounced /maʀi ɑ̃ntwanɛt/ Louis XVI ( 23 August 1754 – 21 January 1793) Louis-Auguste de France, ruled as King of France and Navarre Georges Jacques Danton ( October 26, 1759 &ndash April 5, 1794) was a leading figure in the early stages of the French Revolution Marie-Jeanne(tte Bécu Comtesse du Barry ( April 19, 1743 – December 8, 1793) was a French Courtesan who became the Maximilien François Marie Isidore de Robespierre (maksimiljɛ̃ fʁɑ̃swa maʁi izidɔʁ də ʁɔbɛspjɛʁ ( 6 May 1758 – 28 July 1794) Marie-Anne Charlotte de Corday d'Armont ( July 27, 1768 – July 17, 1793) known to history as Charlotte Corday, was a figure of the World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including Franz Jägerstätter ( May 20 1907 &mdash August 9 1943; born as Franz Huber) was an Austrian Conscientious objector Sister Maria Restituta (born 1 May 1894 in Husovice near Brno, Austria-Hungary (now in the Czech Republic) died 30 March Shosei Koda ( Japanese: 香田証生 Kōda Shōsei; November 29, 1979 &ndash November 3, 2004) was a Japanese Kim Sun-il ( September 13, 1970 &ndash c June 22, 2004) was a South Korean Translator who was kidnapped Kenneth John Bigley ( April 22, 1942 - October 7, 2004) Liverpool, England, who was kidnapped in the al-Mansour district Nicholas Berg ( April 2, 1978 &ndash May 7, 2004) was an American Businessman seeking Telecommunications work Olin Eugene Armstrong Jr ( 5 June 1953 - 20 September 2004) was a foreign hostage in Iraq beheaded by his captors in 2004 Jack Hensley ( September 22, 1955 – September 21, 2004) was an American Engineer from Marietta, Cobb County Wijerd Jelckama (alternatively spelled Wierd and Wijard) (c 1490 - 1523 nicknamed groote Wierd, was a Frisian military commander and member Johan van Oldenbarnevelt ( September 14, 1547, Amersfoort &ndash May 13, 1619, The Hague) was a Dutch statesman Marinus (Rinus van der Lubbe ( 13 January, 1909 – 10 January, 1934) was a Dutch council communist accused of and eventually One of the men was from Dagestan and the other, from Tajikistan. [1]
• Yemelyan Pugachev

United States

• Vic Morrow
• Russell Phillips
• Boris Sagal
• Adam Walsh
• Robert Lees
• some victims of Danny Rolling

Switzerland

• Wildhans von Breitenlandenberg and 61 companions following the siege of Greifensee during the Old Zürich War (1444). Victor "Vic" Morrow ( February 14, 1929 &ndash July 23, 1982) was an American actor Russell Phillips (born March 6, 1969 - October 6, 1995) was a NASCAR Sportsman Division driver from America Boris Sagal ( October 18, 1917 - May 22, 1981) was an American television and Film director. Adam John Walsh ( November 14, 1974 – c July 27, 1981) was an American boy who was abducted from a Sears department Robert Lees ( July 10, 1912 &ndash June 13, 2004) was a television and film Screenwriter. Danny Harold Rolling ( May 26, 1954 &ndash October 25, 2006) also known as The Gainesville Ripper, was an American convicted Greifensee is a municipality in the district of Uster in the canton of Zürich in Switzerland. The Old Zürich War (Alte Zürichrieg 1440 – 46, was a conflict between the canton of Zürich and the other seven cantons of the Old Swiss Confederacy

Saudi Arabia

• Prince Faisal bin Musa'id
• Paul Marshall Johnson, Jr.

See also

• Cephalophore
• Dismemberment
• Headhunting
• Head transplant
• Mike the Headless Chicken
• Sword of Justice
• Internal decapitation - where the skull is dislodged from the spine, a typically fatal injury. Faisal bin Musa'id bin Abdul Aziz ( April 4, 1944, Riyadh - June 18 1975, Riyadh (فيصل بن مساعد بن عبد العزيز Paul Marshall Johnson Jr ( May 8, 1955 - c June 18 2004 was an American Helicopter engineer who A cephalophore (from the Greek for "head-carrier" is a Saint who is generally depicted carrying his head in his hands in art this was usually meant to Dismemberment is the act of cutting tearing pulling wrenching or otherwise removing the limbs of a living thing Headhunting is the practice of taking a person's head after killing him or her A head transplant is a hypothetical surgical operation involving the replacement of an organism's head with a replacement head Mike the Headless Chicken (April 1945 &ndash March 1947 was a Wyandotte Rooster that lived for 18 months after its head had been cut off A Sword of justice can be metaphorical such as in a personification of Justice where it symbolizes the power to punish offenders or literal in the sense of an executioner's Internal decapitation, Atlantooccipital dislocation, describes the rare process by which the skull separates from the Spinal column during severe In Human anatomy, the vertebral column ( backbone or spine) is a column of 34 Vertebrae the Sacrum, Intervertebral

References

External links

• Crime Library
• Beheaded Art
• The East London Decapitator

Events 753 BC - Romulus and Remus found Rome ( traditional date) Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century.

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