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In 19th century European and especially French literature, decadence was the name given, first by hostile critics, and then triumphantly adopted by some writers themselves, to a number of late nineteenth century fin de siècle writers who were associated with Symbolism or the Aesthetic movement and who relished artifice over the earlier Romantics' naïve view of nature (see Rousseau). European literature refers to the Literature of Europe. European literature includes literature in many Languages; among the most important of the modern French literature of the nineteenth century is for the purpose of this article literature written in French from (roughly 1799 to 1900 Decadence can refer to a personal trait or to the state of a society (or segment of it The 19th century of the Common Era began on January 1, 1801 and ended on December 31, 1900, according to the Gregorian calendar Fin de siècle (fɑ̃ dɛ si'ɛːkl French for ‛end of the century‘ was a cultural movement between 1880 and the beginning of World War I. Symbolism was a late nineteenth-century Art movement of French and Belgian origin in poetry and other arts This article is about aestheticism a term with a root meaning of sensuous Not to be confused with the religious practice of Asceticism: an abstinence from the sensual Some of these writers were influenced by the tradition of the Gothic novel and by the poetry and fiction of Edgar Allan Poe. Gothic fiction (sometimes referred to as Gothic horror) is a genre of literature that combines elements of both horror and romance. Edgar Allan Poe (January 19 1809 – October 7 1849 was an American poet, short-story Writer, editor and Literary critic,

This concept of decadence dates from the eighteenth century, especially from Montesquieu, and was taken up by critics as a term of abuse after Désiré Nisard used it against Victor Hugo and Romanticism in general. The 18th century lasted from 1701 to 1800 in the Gregorian calendar, in accordance with the Anno Domini / Common Era numbering system Charles-Louis de Secondat baron de La Brède et de Montesquieu (Eng Jean Marie Napoléon Désiré Nisard ( March 20, 1806 - March 27, 1888) was a French Author and Critic. Victor-Marie Hugo ( ( February 26, 1802 – May 22, 1885) was a French Poet, Playwright, Novelist Romanticism is a complex artistic literary and intellectual movement that originated in the second half of the 18th century in Western Europe, and gained strength during the A later generation of Romantics, such as Théophile Gautier and Charles Baudelaire took the word as a badge of pride, as a sign of their rejection of what they saw as banal "progress". See also Pierre Jules Théophile Gautier ( August 30, 1811 – October 23, 1872) was a French Poet, Dramatist In the 1880s a group of French writers referred to themselves as decadents. Events and Trends Technology Development and commercial production of Electric lighting Development and commercial production of gasoline-powered This article is a general introduction to French literature For detailed information on French literature in specific historic periods see the separate historical articles in the The classic novel from this group is Joris-Karl Huysmans' Against Nature, often seen as the first great Decadent work, though others attribute this honor to Baudelaire's works. A novel (from Italian novella, Spanish novela, French nouvelle for "new" "news" or "short story Charles-Marie-Georges Huysmans ( February 5, 1848 – May 12, 1907) was a French Novelist who published his works as À rebours (translated into English as Against the Grain or Against Nature) ( 1884) is a Novel by the

In Britain the leading figure associated with the Decadent movement was Oscar Wilde. Oscar Fingal O'Flahertie Wills Wilde (16 October 1854 – 30 November 1900 was an Irish Playwright, Novelist, poet and Author of

As a literary movement, Decadence is now regarded as a transition between Romanticism and Modernism. Romanticism is a complex artistic literary and intellectual movement that originated in the second half of the 18th century in Western Europe, and gained strength during the Modernism describes an array of Cultural movements rooted in the changes in Western society in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century

The Symbolist movement has frequently been confused with the decadent movement. Symbolism was a late nineteenth-century Art movement of French and Belgian origin in poetry and other arts Several young writers were derisively referred to in the press as "decadent" in the mid 1880s. Jean Moréas' manifesto was largely a response to this polemic. Jean Moréas (born Ioannis A Papadiamontopoulos, Ιωάννης Α A few of these writers embraced the term while most avoided it. Although the esthetics of Symbolism and Decadence can be seen as overlapping in some areas, the two remain distinct.

Artists of the decadent movement

Bibliography

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