| Debrecen | |
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  Debrecen
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| Coordinates: | |
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| Country |  Hungary |
| County | Hajdú-Bihar |
| Area | |
| - Total | 461. The Protestant Great Church (Nagytemplom is probably the most well-known building in the city of Debrecen. Wikipedia talkFeatured lists for an explanation of this and other inclusion tags below -->This list of countries, arranged alphabetically Hungary (Magyarország 'mɔɟɔrorsaːg) officially in English the Republic of Hungary ( Magyar Köztársaság, literally Magyar (Hungarian Republic Hungary is subdivided administratively into 20 regions which are the 19 counties ( megyék, singular megye) and the capital city ( főváros) Hajdú-Bihar is an administrative county ( Comitatus or megye in eastern Hungary, on the border with Romania. Area is a Quantity expressing the two- Dimensional size of a defined part of a Surface, typically a region bounded by a closed Curve. 25 km² (178. Square Kilometre ( US spelling square kilometer) symbol km2, is a decimal multiple of the SI unit of 1 sq mi) |
| Population (2005) | |
| - Total | 204,297 |
| - Density | 442. The square mile is an imperial and US unit of Area equal the area of a square of one statute mile. Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume 53/km² (1,146. 1/sq mi) |
| Time zone | CET (UTC1) |
| - Summer (DST) | CEST (UTC+2) |
| Postal code | 4000 |
| Area code(s) | 52 |
Debrecen [ˈdɛbrɛtsɛn] , (approximate pronunciation, Deb-ret-sen, known by alternative names), is the second largest city in Hungary after Budapest. Central European Time ( CET) is one of the names of the Time zone that is 1 hour ahead of Coordinated Universal Time. UTC+1 is used in the following locations Central European Time West Africa Time Western European Summer Time Daylight saving time ( DST Central European Summer Time ( CEST) is one of the names of UTC+2 Time zone, 2 hours ahead of Coordinated Universal Time. UTC+2 corresponds to the following Time zones Eastern European Time Egypt Standard Time Central Africa Time A postal code (known in various countries as a post code, postcode, or ZIP code) is a series of letters and/or digits appended to a A telephone numbering plan is a plan for allocating Telephone number ranges to countries regions areas and exchanges and to non-fixed telephone networks Many cities in Europe have different names in different languages Hungary (Magyarország 'mɔɟɔrorsaːg) officially in English the Republic of Hungary ( Magyar Köztársaság, literally Magyar (Hungarian Republic Budapest ( also /ˈbʊ-/) is the capital city of Hungary. As the largest city of Hungary it serves as the country's principal Political, Debrecen is the regional centre of the Northern Great Plain region and the capital of Hajdú-Bihar county. Northern Great Plain is a statistical ( NUTS 2 region of Hungary. There are seven statistical regions of Hungary created in 1999 by the Law 1999/XCII amending Law 1996/XXI Hajdú-Bihar is an administrative county ( Comitatus or megye in eastern Hungary, on the border with Romania.
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Name
The name was first mentioned by the name "Debrezun" in 1235. The name possibly comes from Slavic dobre zliem ("good soil"). Other theories say the name is of Kuman origin. In other languages: in Romanian Debreţin, in German Debrezin, in Croatian Debr(e)cin. Romanian or Daco-Romanian ( dated: Rumanian or Roumanian; self designation limba română, ˈlimba roˈmɨnə is a Romance The German language (de ''Deutsch'') is a West Germanic language and one of the world's major languages. Croatian language ( hrvatski jezik) is a South Slavic language which is used primarily in Croatia, by Croats in Bosnia and Herzegovina in neighbouring
Location and transport infrastructure
Debrecen is located on the Great Hungarian Plain, 220 km (137 mi) east of Budapest. The Great Hungarian Plain (also known as Great Alföld, Alföld, or Pannonian Plain) is a plain occupying the southern and eastern part of Hungary Situated nearby is the Hortobágy, a national park within Hungary . Hortobágy (ɦortobaːɟ is a village in Hajdú-Bihar county in Hungary.
The city used to be somewhat isolated from Budapest, Hungary's main transport hub. However, the new sections of motorway M3 (M35) have already significantly decreased travel times. The 22 mile (3527km M35 motorway is a Motorway in Eastern Hungary which connects the M3 motorway with the city of Debrecen, providing it with Also, there have been improvements to the current highway (main road) and modernisation of some parts of the rail tracks between the capital and Debrecen as part of Hungary's mainly EU-funded National Development Plan for 2004 to 2006. The European Union ( EU) is a political and economic union of twenty-seven member states, located primarily in Debrecen Airport (the second largest in Hungary) has recently undergone modernisation in order to take more international flights. Debrecen International Airport is one of the three international airports in Hungary, located near Debrecen.
In the longer term, Debrecen's proximity to Ukraine and Romania may enable it to develop as an important trade centre and transport link for the wider international region. Ukraine (Україна Ukrayina, /ukrɑˈjinɑ/ is a country in Eastern Europe. Romania ( dated: Rumania, Roumania
For local transport in the city see Public transport in Debrecen. Public transport in Debrecen, Hungary is provided by two companies DKV and Hajdú Volán.
History
_downtown.jpg/250px-Debrecen(hungary)_downtown.jpg)
Before Hungarians occupied present-day Hungary, a number of different tribes lived in the area. Lajos Kossuth (ˈlɒjoʃ ˈkoʃut Monok, September 19 1802 &ndash Turin, March 20 1894 was a Hungarian lawyer politician and Regent-President The town came into existence by the merging of the small villages of the area.
In 1361 King Louis I of Hungary granted the citizens of Debrecen the right to choose the town's judge and council. Louis I the Great (I (Nagy Lajos Ludwik Węgierski Serbian: Lajoš I/Лајош I Croatian: Ludovik I Czech: Ludvík I This opened new opportunities for the town. By the early 16th century Debrecen was an important market town. Between 1450 and 1507, it was a domain of the Hunyadi family. Hunyadi (also Hunyady in historical sources is a noble family with Vlach or cuman and Magyar ancestry
During the Ottoman period being close to the border and having no castle or city walls, Debrecen often found itself in difficult situations and the town was saved only by the diplomatic skills of its leaders. Sometimes the town was protected by the Ottoman empire, sometimes by the Catholic European rulers or by Francis II Rákóczi, prince of Transylvania. Ferenc (Francis II Rákóczi ( March 27, 1676 – April 8, 1735) was the leader of the Hungarian uprising against the Habsburgs Transylvania (Ardeal or ro ''Transilvania'' Erdély, see also other denominations) is a Central European region located in the eastern half of the Carpathian This led the town's citizens to be open-minded and Debrecen embraced the Protestant Reformation quite early, earning the moniker "Calvinist Rome". The Protestant Reformation was a reform movement in Europe that began in 1517 though its roots lie further back in time At this period the inhabitants of the town were mainly Hungarian calvinists. Calvinism (sometimes called the Reformed tradition, the Reformed faith, or Reformed theology) is a theological system and an approach to the Debrecen became sanjak between 1541-1693 and orderly bounded to eyalets of Budin (1541-1596), Eğri (1596-1660) and Varat (1660-1693) as Debreçin. Eger is also the German name for the Czech town of Oradea (pronunciation in Romanian:, Hungarian: Nagyvárad, colloquially also Várad, German: Großwardein, former
In 1693 Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor elevated Debrecen to free royal town status. Mihály Csokonai Vitéz ( November 17, 1773 - January 28, 1805) Hungarian Poet, was born in Debrecen Early life He was a younger brother of Ferdinand IV of Hungary and Mariana of Austria. In the Holy Roman Empire, a free imperial city (in German: freie Reichsstadt) was a City formally ruled by the Emperor only &mdash In 1715, the Roman Catholic Church returned to Debrecen, and the town gave them a place to build a church, so the Piarist monks could build the St. Year 1715 ( MDCCXV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Anna Cathedral. By this time the town was an important cultural, commercial and agricultural centre, and many future scholars and poets attended its Protestant College (a predecessor of today's University of Debrecen). The University of Debrecen is a major university located in Debrecen, Hungary.
In 1849 Debrecen was the capital of Hungary for a short time when the Hungarian revolutionary government fled there from Pest-Buda (modern-day Budapest. Year 1849 ( MDCCCXLIX) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common ) In April 1849, the dethronization of Habsburgs (neglected after the fall of the revolution) and the independence of Hungary was proclaimed here by Louis Kossuth at the Great (Calvinist) Church (Nagytemplom in Hungarian. Lajos Kossuth (ˈlɒjoʃ ˈkoʃut Monok, September 19 1802 &ndash Turin, March 20 1894 was a Hungarian lawyer politician and Regent-President ) Debrecen also witnessed the end of the war of independence; the battle in which the Russians, the allies of the Habsburgs, defeated the Hungarian army was close to the western part of the town.
After the war, Debrecen slowly began to prosper again. In 1857 the railway line between Budapest and Debrecen was completed, and Debrecen soon became a railway junction. Click here for Indian Rebellion of 1857 Year 1857 ( MDCCCLVII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the New schools, hospitals, churches, factories, mills were built, banks and insurance companies settled in the city. The appearance of the city began to improve too: with new, higher buildings, parks and beautiful villas it no longer resembled a provincial town and began to look like a modern city. In 1884 Debrecen became the first Hungarian city to have a steam tramway. Year 1884 ( MDCCCLXXXIV) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year
After World War I, Hungary lost a considerable portion of its eastern territory to Romania, and Debrecen once again became situated close to the border of the country. World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All Romania ( dated: Rumania, Roumania It was controlled by the Romanian army for a short time in 1919. Romania ( dated: Rumania, Roumania Year 1919 ( MCMXIX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Tourism provided a way for the city to begin to prosper again. Many buildings (among them an indoor swimming pool and Hungary's first stadium) were built in the central park, the Nagyerdő ("Big Forest"), providing recreational facilities. The building of the university was completed. The Hortobágy, a large pasture owned by the city, became a tourist attraction.
During World War II Debrecen was almost completely destroyed, 70% of the buildings suffered damage, 50% of them were completely destroyed. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including A major battle, the Battle of Debrecen, occurred near the city in October 1944. The Battle of Debrecen, called by the Red Army the Debrecen Offensive Operation, (6 October - 28 October 1944 was conducted by the 2nd Ukrainian Front on the After 1944 the reconstruction began and Debrecen became the capital of Hungary for a short time once again. The citizens began to rebuild their city, trying to restore its pre-war status, but the new, Communist government of Hungary had other plans. The institutions and estates of the city were taken into public ownership. This forced change of the old system brought new losses to Debrecen; half of its area was annexed to nearby towns, and the city also lost its rights over the Hortobágy. In 1952 two new villages – Ebes and Nagyhegyes – were formed from former parts of Debrecen, while in 1981 the nearby village Józsa was annexed to the city. Year 1952 ( MCMLII) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Ebes is a Village in Hajdú-Bihar county in the Northern Great Plain Region of eastern Hungary. Nagyhegyes is a Village in Hajdú-Bihar county in the Northern Great Plain Region of eastern Hungary. Year 1981 ( MCMLXXXI) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link displays the 1981 The newly built blocks of flats provided housing for those who lost their homes during the war. In the following decades Debrecen was the third largest city of Hungary (behind Budapest and Miskolc), and became the second largest in the 1990s when the population of Miskolc decreased. Miskolc (miʃkolts approximate pronunciation "Me-shkolts" in Slovak Miškovec, in Polish Miszkolc) is a city in North-East
Education
Debrecen is home to a large university, University of Debrecen, whose main building is a widely recognized work of architecture. The University of Debrecen is a major university located in Debrecen, Hungary. The university has many departments and is a major research facility in Europe. Debrecen is the site of one of the most important choral competition, Bela Bartok International Choir Competition, is and member cities of the European Grand Prix for Choral Singing. Béla Viktor János Bartók (March 25 1881&ndashSeptember 26 1945 was a Hungarian Composer and Pianist, considered to be one of the greatest The European Grand Prix for Choral Singing (in French Grand Prix European de Chant Choral, commonly abbreviated as European Choral Grand Prix or GPE) is
Sports
The city has a famous football club, Debreceni VSC. Debreceni VSC is a Hungarian football club from the city of Debrecen. Nowadays it's one of the best teams in Hungary, won the national championship in the consecutive seasons of 2004/2005, 2005/2006 and 2006/2007. The stadium, which has more than 10,000 seats, is at the Oláh Gábor street, in the City Park (Nagyerdő). The color of the team is red at home, and white when the match is away.
The city has hosted several international sporting events in the last years, for example in July 2001 the second World Youth Championships in Athletics and in October 2006 hosted the first IAAF World Road Running Championships and also the 2007 European SC Swimming Championships. The 1st IAAF World Road Running Championships were held in Debrecen, Hungary on 8 October 2006 the women's race starting at 1100 and the men's race The European SC Championships 2007 were held in Debrecen, Hungary from Thursday December 13 to Sunday December 16.
The city was officially an applicant city to host the inaugural Youth Olympic Games in 2010. The Youth Olympic Games (YOG are planned to be an international Multi-sport event held every four years in staggered summer and winter events complementing the current
Gallery
 Leonardo's Colossus |
 Street in Debrecen |
 Universty of Debrecen |
 Coat of Arms |
 County House |
 Calvinist College of Debrecen (founded in 1538) |
 The famous Aranybika (Golden Bull) Hotel |
 Kölcsey Convention Centre |
 Főnix Hall |
 The MODEM Centre for Modern and Contemporary Art |
 Nagyerdő (Greatwood) City Park, the first Nature Reserve in Hungary |
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Places to see
- Protestant Great Church (Nagytemplom)
- City Park (Nagyerdő) and spa
- Déri Museum (art collection including paintings of Mihály Munkácsy; also has a collection of Ancient Egyptian artifacts)
- Flower Carnival of Debrecen held on 20th of August every year
Famous people
Born in Debrecen
- Mihály Fazekas (1766–1828), writer
- Mihály Flaskay (born 1982), breaststroke swimmer
- Imre Lakatos (1922–1974), philosopher of mathematics and of science
- Paul László (1900–1993), architect
- Magda Szabó (1917-2007), writer
- Kocsár Miklós (born 1933), composer
- Zsolt Baumgartner (born 1981), Formula One driver
Lived in Debrecen
- Endre Ady (1877–1919), poet
- Mihály Csokonai Vitéz (1773–1805) poet
- Géza Hofi, (1936-2002) stand-up comedian
- Sándor Szalay (1909–1987), physicist, founder of ATOMKI
- Árpád Tóth (1886–1928), poet
Sister cities
External links
- (English) Official site
- (English) History of Debrecen and Hajdú-Bihar county
- (Hungarian) Hajdu Online - county portal
- (Hungarian) Debrecen Online portal
- Aerial photography: Debrecen
- Tour guide to Debrecen on SeeUinHungary.com
- (English) (German) Tram in Debrecen
- Debrecen photo gallery
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