De Lorean DMC-12
Manufacturer	De Lorean Motor Company
Production	1981-1982 2008-
Class	Sports car
Body style(s)	2-door coupe
Layout	RR layout
Engine(s)	2. The automotive industry is the industry involved in the design development manufacture marketing and sale of Motor vehicles In 2007 more than 73 million motor vehicles Car classification is subjective since many vehicles fall into multiple categories or do not fit well into any A sports car is a term used to describe a class of Automobile. Cars can come in a large variety of different body styles. Some are still in production while others are of historical interest only In Automotive design layout specifies where on the car the Engine and Drive wheels are found In Automotive design, a RR, or Rear-engine, Rear-wheel drive layout is one which places both the engine and drive wheels at the rear 8 L (2849 cc) PRV V6
Transmission(s)	5-speed manual 3-speed automatic
Wheelbase	95 in (2413 mm)
Length	166 in (4216 mm)
Width	73. The PRV engine is an Automobile petrol V6 Engine that was developed jointly by Peugeot, Renault A V6 engine is a V engine with six cylinders mounted on the Crankcase in two banks of three cylinders In both road and rail Vehicles the wheelbase is the distance between the centers of the front and rear wheels 1 in (1857 mm)
Height	44. 9 in (1140 mm) doors closed 77. 2 in (1961 mm) doors open
Curb weight	2712 lb (1230 kg)
Designer	Giorgetto Giugiaro

The De Lorean DMC-12 is a sports car that was manufactured by the De Lorean Motor Company for the American market in 1981 and 1982 in Northern Ireland. A sports car is a term used to describe a class of Automobile. Northern Ireland (Tuaisceart Éireann Ulster Scots: Norlin Airlann) is a Country within the United Kingdom, lying in the northeast of It is most commonly known simply as the De Lorean, as it was the only model ever produced by the company. The DMC-12 featured gull-wing doors with a fiberglass "underbody", to which non-structural brushed stainless steel panels were affixed. Gull-wing door (Flügeltüren is an automotive industry term describing Car doors that are hinged at the roof rather than the side as pioneered by the 1952 Mercedes-Benz In Metallurgy, stainless steel is defined as a Steel Alloy with a minimum of 11 A De Lorean was featured as a home-made time machine in the Back to the Future trilogy. The Back to the Future trilogy is a comedic Science fiction Film Trilogy written by Bob Gale and Robert Zemeckis

The first prototype appeared in March 1976, and production officially began in 1981 (with the first DMC-12 rolling off the production line on January 21) at the DMC factory in Dunmurry, Northern Ireland. Events 1189 - Philip II of France and Richard I of England begin to assemble troops to wage the Third Crusade. Dunmurry ( is a village in County Antrim, Northern Ireland situated between the cities of Belfast and Lisburn. Northern Ireland (Tuaisceart Éireann Ulster Scots: Norlin Airlann) is a Country within the United Kingdom, lying in the northeast of During its production, several aspects of the car were changed, such as the hood (bonnet) style, wheels and interior. Over nine thousand DMC-12s were made before production stopped in late 1982. Today, about 6,500 De Lorean Motor Cars are believed to still exist. ^[1]

Contents 1 History 2 Right-hand drive models 3 Construction 3.1 Body 3.2 Suspension 4 Performance 5 Pricing 6 Production changes 6.1 Hood styles 6.2 Other changes 7 Special DMC-12s 8 Return to production 9 De Lorean in popular culture 10 See also 11 Notes 12 References 13 External links

History

In October 1976, the first prototype De Lorean DMC-12 was completed by William T. Collins chief engineer and designer (formerly chief engineer at Pontiac). Pontiac is a Brand of Automobiles produced by General Motors that has been sold in the United States, Canada and Mexico Originally, the car's rear-mounted power plant was to be a Citroën Wankel rotary engine, but was replaced with a French-designed and produced PRV (Peugeot-Renault-Volvo) fuel injected V-6 because of the poor fuel economy of the rotary engine, an important issue at a time of world-wide fuel shortages. In Automobile design, a rear-engine design layout places the Engine at the rear of the vehicle Citroën (pronounced See-Troh-Enn is a French Automobile manufacturer, founded in 1919 by André Citroën. The Wankel engine is a type of Internal combustion engine which uses a rotary design to convert pressure into a rotating motion instead of using reciprocating The PRV engine is an Automobile petrol V6 Engine that was developed jointly by Peugeot, Renault For the article about the bicycle manufacturer see Cycles Peugeot. This is about the company for other uses see Renault (disambiguation. This article is about Volvo Group - AB Volvo Volvo Cars is the passenger vehicle maker owned by Ford Motor Company, using the Volvo Trademark Fuel injection is a system for mixing fuel with air in an Internal combustion engine. Fuel efficiency, in its basic sense is the same as Thermal efficiency, meaning the efficiency of a process that converts chemical potential energy contained in a carrier Collins and De Lorean envisioned a chassis produced from a new and untested manufacturing technology known as Elastic Reservoir Moulding (ERM), which would contribute to the light-weight characteristics of the car while presumably lowering its production costs. A chassis (plural "chassis" (ˈʃæːsiː ˈtʃæːsiː consists of a framework that supports an inanimate object analogous to an Animal 's This new technology, for which De Lorean had purchased patent rights, would eventually be found to be unsuitable for mass production.

These and other changes to the original concept led to considerable schedule pressures. The entire car was deemed to require almost complete re-engineering, which was turned over to engineer Colin Chapman, founder and owner of Lotus. Anthony Colin Bruce Chapman ( 19 May 1928 - 16 December 1982) was an influential British designer inventor and builder in the automotive Lotus Cars is a British manufacturer of sports and racing cars based at Hethel, Norfolk, England. Chapman replaced most of the unproven material and manufacturing techniques with those currently being employed by Lotus. The Backbone chassis is very similar to the Lotus Esprit. Backbone chassis is a type of an automobile construction Chassis that is similar to the Body-on-frame design Early Esprit (1976–80 S1 The Esprit was launched in October 1975 at the Paris motorshow and went into production in June 1976 replacing the Europa in the The original Giorgetto Giugiaro body design was left mostly intact, as were the distinctive stainless steel outer skin panels and gull-wing doors. Giorgetto Giugiaro (born August 7, 1938) is an Italian Automobile designer He was born in Garessio, Province of Cuneo In Metallurgy, stainless steel is defined as a Steel Alloy with a minimum of 11 Gull-wing door (Flügeltüren is an automotive industry term describing Car doors that are hinged at the roof rather than the side as pioneered by the 1952 Mercedes-Benz

The DMC-12 would eventually be built in a factory in Dunmurry, Northern Ireland, a neighborhood a few miles from Belfast city centre. Dunmurry ( is a village in County Antrim, Northern Ireland situated between the cities of Belfast and Lisburn. Northern Ireland (Tuaisceart Éireann Ulster Scots: Norlin Airlann) is a Country within the United Kingdom, lying in the northeast of Belfast ( is the capital city of Northern Ireland and the seat of government in Northern Ireland. Construction on the factory began in October 1978, and although production of the DMC-12 was scheduled to start in 1979, engineering issues and budget overruns delayed production until early 1981. By that time, the unemployment rate was high in Northern Ireland and local residents lined up to apply for jobs at the factory. The production personnel were largely inexperienced, but were paid premium wages and supplied with the best equipment available. Most quality issues were solved by 1982 and the cars were sold from dealers with a 12 month, 12,000-mile (19,300 km) warranty and an available five-year, 50,000-mile (80,000 km) service contract.

The De Lorean Motor Company went bankrupt in late 1982 following John De Lorean's arrest in October of that year on drug trafficking charges. John Zachary DeLorean ( January 6 1925  &ndash March 19 2005) was an American engineer and executive in the U He was later found not guilty, but it was too late for the DMC-12. Approximately 100 partially assembled DMC's on the production line were completed by Consolidated International (now known as Big Lots). Big Lots Inc ( is a Fortune 500 retail corporation with annual Revenues well over $4 billion The remaining parts from the factory stock, the parts from the US Warranty Parts Center, as well as parts from the original suppliers that had not yet been delivered to the factory were all shipped to Columbus, Ohio in 1983–1984. A company called KAPAC sold these parts to retail and wholesale customers via mail order. In 1997, De Lorean Motor Company of Texas acquired this inventory. ^[2]

A total of about 9,200 DMC-12s were produced between January 1981 and December 1982. ^[3] Almost a fifth of these were produced in October 1981. About 1,000 1982 models were produced between February and May 1982, and all of these cars had the VIN's changed after purchase by Consolidated International to make them appear as 1983 models. There are the 15XXX, 16XXX, and 17XXX VINs which were originally 10XXX, 11XXX and 12XXX VINs. Only twelve 12XXXX VIN cars still exist. These are the Wooler-Hodec right-hand drive cars (see below)

Right-hand drive models

Despite being produced in Northern Ireland, DMC-12s were primarily intended for the American market. Therefore, all production models were left-hand drive (designed to be driven on the right side of the road). Right-hand traffic and left-hand traffic mean regulations requiring all traffic to keep either to the left or the right side of the Road. However, evidence survives from as early as April 1981 which indicates that the DeLorean Motor Company was aware of the need to produce a right-hand drive version to supply to world markets such as Ireland, Australia, New Zealand, Britain and Japan, where traffic travels on the left. Right-hand traffic and left-hand traffic mean regulations requiring all traffic to keep either to the left or the right side of the Road. The first two markets outside of the US were to be the United Kingdom and Germany.

DeLorean knew that to sell DMC-12s in the United Kingdom would mean producing a right-hand drive configuration of the car. The company faced the choice of building right-hand drive models from scratch, or performing a post-production conversion exercise. Given the cost of new body moulds, tooling and a host of specific parts that a factory build right-hand drive configuration would require, the company opted to investigate the idea of a post-production conversion.

Only 16 right-hand drive factory authorised DeLoreans were ever produced. This handful of cars can be divided into two distinct groups:
1. The first batch, known by enthusiasts as the “Wooler-Hodec cars”, were converted by a company in the UK called Wooler-Hodec. Evidence still exists in the form of a DMC factory memo which orders 20 cars to be converted to right-hand drive. Due to the factory’s closure, this order was never completed and today a total of 13 cars survive, carrying the VIN numbers: 510, 12171–12181 & 12199. VIN# 510 is understood to be the first of this batch of cars converted and was later sold at the factory auction in 1984. The other twelve cars were auctioned off by the receivers in early 1983. As a result, several of these cars were registered at the same time and have the Northern Irish registration (licence) number "SIJ xxxx". All of this first batch of cars had a black interior and all had manual transmission except VIN# 12175. This car is the world’s only right-hand drive black interior automatic car and is owned by a former Editor of the UK DeLorean Owners Club.

2. The second batch were registered and used by the factory in Northern Ireland, with registration numbers (license plates), AXI 1697, AXI 1698, AXI 1699 and are referred to by enthusiasts as the “AXI cars”. These three cars (VINs 5565, 5592 and 5638) differ from the Wooler-Hodec cars in several ways. These three cars all had roof mounted radio aerials, very small round front side marker lights, no rear side marker lights, white forward-facing door lights, fog-light switch, and textured body rubstrips on the stainless steel panels. No catalytic converters or Lambda equipment were fitted as British legislation did not require them. The car with the registration number AXI 1697 was reputedly a fully UK homologated example which would have been shown at the British motor show at Birmingham, UK in October 1982.

Recent research has revealed that VINs 752 and 758, once thought to be factory authorised right-hand drive cars, are post-factory conversions carried out by private individuals. Some of the right-hand drive cars have speedometers reading to 140 mph (230 km/h), instead of the US-specification 85 mph (137 km/h).

Construction

The DMC-12 features a number of unusual construction details, including gull-wing doors, unpainted stainless-steel body panels, and a rear-mounted engine.

Body

The body design of the DMC-12 was a product of Giorgetto Giugiaro of Ital Design and is expressed in brushed SS304 stainless steel. Giorgetto Giugiaro (born August 7, 1938) is an Italian Automobile designer He was born in Garessio, Province of Cuneo Italdesign-Giugiaro SpA (commonly called Italdesign) is an Automobile design and engineering company in Turin, Italy. In Metallurgy, stainless steel is defined as a Steel Alloy with a minimum of 11 Except for three cars plated in 24-karat gold, all DMC-12s left the factory uncovered by paint or clearcoat. Gold (ˈɡoʊld is a Chemical element with the symbol Au (from its Latin name aurum) and Atomic number 79 ^[4] Painted De Loreans do exist, although these were all painted after the cars were purchased from the factory. To train workers, several hundred DMCs were produced without stainless panels, and are referred to as "black cars" or "mules", in reference to their black fiberglass panels in lieu of stainless, though these were never marketed. Small scratches in the stainless steel body panels can be removed with a non-metallic scouring pad (since metal pads can leave iron particles embedded in the stainless steel which can give the appearance of the stainless "rusting"), or even sandpaper. ^[5] The stainless steel panels are fixed to a glass-reinforced plastic (GRP, fiberglass) monocoque underbody. Monocoque, from the French for single ( mono) and shell ( coque) is a construction technique that supports structural load by using an object's external The underbody is affixed to a double-Y frame chassis, derived from the Lotus Esprit platform. Early Esprit (1976–80 S1 The Esprit was launched in October 1975 at the Paris motorshow and went into production in June 1976 replacing the Europa in the

The unpainted stainless body creates challenges during restoration of the cars. Automobile restoration is the process of repairing a car to return it to essentially the same or better condition than it was in when it left the factory at time of manufacture In traditional automotive body repair, the panel is repaired to be as original ("straight") as possible and imperfections are sculpted back to form with body filler like Bondo or lead (body solder). Bondo is a two-part Putty, manufactured by 3M. While the term "Bondo" is a Registered trademark for this company's product it is commonly used Characteristics Lead has a dull luster and is a dense, Ductile, very soft highly A solder is a fusible metal Alloy with a melting point or melting range of 90 to 450 ° C (200 to 840 ° F) used in a process called This poses no problem (aside from originality) with most cars, as the filler will be hidden by the car's paint (for example, most new cars have filler hiding the seam where the roof meets the quarter panel). On an automobile a quarter panel (or rear wing) is a body panel that covers the section between the door and the hood or trunk With an unpainted stainless body, the stainless steel must be reworked to exactly the original shape, contour and grain - which is a tremendously difficult job on regular steel (a dented or bent panel is stretched and a shrinking hammer or other techniques must be used to unstretch the metal. Furthermore, it is exceedingly difficult to paint stainless steel due to adhesion issues. De Lorean envisioned that damaged panels would simply be replaced rather than repaired; each De Lorean service center today has at least one experienced body repair person on staff, and there are decades worth of new stainless panels still available in most instances.

Another novel feature of the DMC-12 is its gull-wing doors (an interesting fact about these doors is that the workers at the factory used to weld their names, or initials on the inside of the outer door panels on many of the vehicles produced if you were to remove the outer panel you could actually find out the name of at least one of the individuals who worked on the car. Gull-wing door (Flügeltüren is an automotive industry term describing Car doors that are hinged at the roof rather than the side as pioneered by the 1952 Mercedes-Benz Account from original factory worker). The common problem of supporting the weight of gull-wing doors was solved by other manufacturers with lightweight doors in the Mercedes-Benz 300SL and an air pump in the Bricklin SV-1, although these designs had structural or convenience issues. The Mercedes-Benz 300SL was introduced in 1954 as a two-seat closed Sports car with characteristic Gull-wing doors Later it was offered as an open The Bricklin SV-1 was a Gull-wing door Sports car assembled in Saint John New Brunswick. The DMC-12 features heavy doors supported by cryogenically preset torsion bars and gas-charged struts. Cryogenics is often used incorrectly to refer to Cryonics, cryopreserving humans or animals See also Strut (disambiguation StRUT ( St udents R ecycling U sed T echnology are three separate organizations ^[6] These torsion bars were developed by Grumman Aerospace (and built by Unbrako in the UK, a division of SPS Technologies of Jenkintown, PA) to withstand the stresses of supporting the doors. The Grumman Aircraft Engineering Corporation, later Grumman Aerospace Corporation, was a leading 20th century U ^[7] A popular misconception of the DMC-12's gull-wing doors is that they require far more side clearance to open relative to ordinary side-hinge doors, such as when parked in a parking lot. In fact, the opposite is true: the DMC-12 requires far less clearance than side-hinge doors, and this can be physically demonstrated. This misconception of side clearance may stem from a misunderstood location of the hinge point of the doors by persons unfamiliar with DMC-12s. These doors, when opening, only require 11 inches (264 mm) clearance outside the line of the car, making opening and closing the doors in crowded parking lots relatively easy. Much like the doors fitted to the Lamborghini Countach, the DMC-12 doors featured small cutout windows, because full-sized windows would not be fully retractable within the short door panels. The Lamborghini Countach was a mid-engined Sports car produced by Italian automaker Lamborghini from 1974 to 1990 ^[8][9]

Suspension

The underbody and suspension of the DMC-12 were based largely on the Lotus Esprit, with a four-wheel independent suspension, coil springs, and telescopic shock absorbers. Suspension is the term given to the system of springs, Shock absorbers and linkages that connects a Vehicle to its Wheels Suspension Early Esprit (1976–80 S1 The Esprit was launched in October 1975 at the Paris motorshow and went into production in June 1976 replacing the Europa in the Independent suspension is a broad term for any Automobile suspension system that allows each wheel on the same Axle to move vertically (i A Coil spring, also known as a helical spring, is a mechanical device which is typically used to store energy and subsequently release it to absorb shock or to maintain A shock absorber in common parlance (or damper in technical use is a mechanical device designed to smooth out or dampen shock impulse and dissipate The front suspension used double wishbones, while the rear was a multi-link setup. In automobiles a double wishbone (or "upper and lower A-arm " suspension is an Independent suspension design using two (occasionally Plan view The arms have to control toe /steer and lateral compliance In its original development stages, the car is said to have handled quite well. Considering that Lotus's reputation was built largely on the handling prowess of the cars the company produced, the DMC-12's smooth ride wasn't a surprise. Unfortunately, changing U. S. government bumper height regulations required modifications to the suspension system and an increase in the vehicle's factory ride height, both of which had adverse effects on the car's handling capabilities. Many owners have subsequently replaced or modified the front springs to return the front height to the original design specification.

Steering was rack and pinion, with an overall steering ratio of 14. A rack and pinion is a pair of Gears which convert rotational motion into linear motion Steering ratio refers to the ratio between the turn of the Steering wheel (in degrees or handlebars and the turn of the wheels (in degrees 9:1, giving 2. 65 turns lock-to-lock and a 35 ft (10. 67 m) turning circle. DMC-12s were originally fitted with cast alloy wheels, measuring 14 in (356 mm) in diameter by 6 in (152 mm) wide on the front and 15 in (381 mm) in diameter by 8 in (203 mm) wide on the rear. An alloy is a Solid solution or Homogeneous mixture of two or more elements, at least one of which is a Metal, which itself has These were fitted with Goodyear NCT steel-belted radial tires; because the engine is mounted in the very rear of the vehicle, the DMC-12 has a 35%/65% front/rear weight distribution. The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company was founded in 1898 by Frank Seiberling. ^[10]

The DMC-12 features power-assisted disc brakes on all wheels, with 10 in (254 mm) rotors front and 10. The disc brake or disk brake is a device for slowing or stopping the rotation of a Wheel. 5 in (267 mm) rear.

Performance

John De Lorean had originally envisioned that the car would produce somewhere around 200 horsepower (150 kW), but eventually settled on a 170 horsepower (130 kW) output for the engine. However, United States emissions regulations required that parts such as catalytic converters be added to the vehicle before it could be sold there. A catalytic converter (colloquially "cat" or "catcon" is a device used to reduce the toxicity of emissions from an Internal combustion engine. This caused a 40 horsepower (30 kW) reduction to the vehicle's power output, a loss which seriously impeded the DMC-12's performance. When this combined with the suspension system changes, the US version was regarded as disappointing. De Lorean's comparison literature noted that the DMC-12 could achieve 0–60 mph (0–96 km/h) in 8. 8 s, respectable for the early 1980s, but Road & Track magazine clocked the car at 10. Road & Track is an Automobile enthusiast Magazine in the United States, founded by two friends in 1947 5 s. It is possible that the factory performance numbers were achieved using a European-spec car with the 200 horsepower (150 kW) engine. ^[11]

Pricing

The car was named the DMC-12 because of its original price of $12,000. New DMC-12s had a suggested retail price of $25,000 ($650 more when equipped with an automatic transmission); this is equivalent to approximately $62,300 in 2007 dollars^[12] There were extensive waiting lists of people willing to pay up to $10,000 above the list price; however, after the collapse of the De Lorean Motor Company, unsold cars could be purchased for under the retail price. An automatic transmission (commonly "AT" or "Auto" is an Automobile Gearbox that can change Gear ratios automatically as the vehicle ^[13]

The DMC-12 was only available with two factory options including a no-cost manual transmission or automatic transmission ($650) and the choice of a grey or black interior. Several dealer options were available, including a car cover ($117); floor mats ($84); black textured accent stripes ($87); grey scotch-cal accent stripes ($55); a luggage rack ($269) and a ski-rack adapter. The standard feature list included stainless steel body panels; gull-wing doors with cryogenically-treated torsion bars; leather seats/trim; air conditioning; an AM/FM cassette stereo system; power windows, locks and mirrors; a tilt and telescopic steering wheel; tinted glass; body side mouldings; windshield wipers; and an electric rear window defogger. The term air conditioning refers to the cooling and dehumidification of indoor air for Thermal comfort. Stereophonic sound, commonly called stereo, is the reproduction of Sound, using two or more independent audio channels through a Symmetrical Power windows or electric windows are Automobile Windows which can be raised and lowered by depressing a button or Switch, as opposed Power door locks (also known as electric door locks or central locking) allow the driver or front passenger to simultaneously lock or unlock all the doors of an Automobile A mirror is an object with a surface that has good Specular reflection; that is it is smooth enough to form an Image. A steering wheel (also called a driving wheel or hand wheel) is a type of steering Control in Vehicles and vessels ( Ships and Boats ^[14][15]

Prices for DMC-12s vary widely and are dependent upon supply and demand. As of early 2007, a De Lorean in good to excellent condition can be had for around $20,000 to $29,000. Mint-condition cars can fetch up to $50,000. There are an estimated 6,500 surviving DMC-12s today. Some of the larger parts carry a steep price tag, such as the fiberglass underbody. Fiberglass (also called fibreglass and glass fibre see Spelling differences) is material made from extremely fine Fibers of Glass. Most parts are reasonably priced and readily available.

Production changes

Although there were no typical "yearly" updates to the De Lorean, several changes were made to the De Lorean during production. John De Lorean believed that model years were primarily a gimmick used by automobile companies to sell more cars. Instead of making massive changes at the end of the model year, he implemented changes mid-production. This resulted in no clear distinction between the 1981, 1982, and 1983 model years, but with subtle changes taking place almost continuously throughout the life of the De Lorean. The most visible of these changes related to the hood style.

Hood styles

The original hood of the De Lorean had grooves running down both sides. The hood (North America or bonnet (Commonwealth is the Hinged cover over the Engine of Motor vehicles that allows access It included a gas flap to simplify fuel filling. A filling station, fueling station, gas station, service station, petrol station, or gasbar, Retail Outlet The gas flap was built so that the trunk could be added to the total cargo area of the De Lorean. These cars typically had a locking gas cap to prevent siphoning. In 1981, the hood flap was removed from the hood of the cars (although the hood creases stayed). This style was retained well into 1982. Based on production numbers for all three years, this hood style is probably the most common. After the supply of locking gas caps was exhausted, the company switched to a non-locking version (resulting in at least 500 cars with no gas flap, but with locking gas caps). The final styling for the hood included the addition of a De Lorean logo and the removal of the grooves, resulting in a completely flat hood. All changes to the hood were made not to alter the look of the car, but for a much more practical reason: production of the grooveless design was faster and more reliable, as the stainless steel would often crack in the process of forming the grooves.

Early 1981 Hood

1983 hood

Other changes

John De Lorean was 6'4" (193 cm) tall, and he designed the car to comfortably fit someone of his stature. For shorter people, the addition of a pull strap made closing the doors much easier from the inside. Pull straps were manufactured as an add-on for earlier vehicles in November 1981. These attach to the existing door handle. Late-model 1981 cars, and all cars from 1982 and 1983, have doors with integrated pull straps.

The side bolstering in the De Lorean was originally separate from the main interior pieces. There is a tendency to place pressure on this piece when entering and exiting the car. This will eventually cause the bolstering to become separated from the trim panel. To help fix this problem, cars built in and after late 1981 have one solid trim piece with the bolster permanently attached.

As an addition to later cars, a foot rest or "dead" pedal — in the form of an unusable pedal — was added to the cars to help prevent fatigue while driving. This is one of the few changes that is directly tied to a model year. These were not built in to any 1981 vehicles, and were added to all cars starting with 1982 production.

Although the styling of the De Lorean's wheels remained unchanged, the wheels of early-model 1981 vehicles were painted grey. These wheels sported matching grey center caps with an embossed DMC logo. Early into the 1981 production run, these were changed to a polished silver look, with a contrasting black center cap. The embossed logo on the centre caps was painted silver to add contrast.

In 1981, the De Lorean came stocked with a Craig radio; this was a standard 1980s tape radio with dual knob controls. Since the Craig did not have a built-in clock, one was installed in front of the gear shift. The gear shift is the part of the Gearbox which has the shift forks and allows the contact from the driver to the synchronization De Lorean switched to an ASI stereo in the middle of the 1982 production run. Since the ASI radio featured an on-board clock, the standard De Lorean clock was removed at the same time.

The first 2,200 cars produced used a windshield-embedded antenna. An antenna is a Transducer designed to transmit or Receive electromagnetic waves In other words antennas convert electromagnetic waves into This type of antenna proved to be inadequate for most motoring needs, so a standard whip antenna was added to the outside of the front right quarter panel. While improving radio reception, this resulted in a hole in the stainless steel, and an unsightly antenna. As a result, the antenna was again moved, this time to the rear of the car. Automatic antennas were installed under the grills behind the rear driver's-side window. While giving the reception quality of a whip antenna, these completely disappear from view when not in use.

The small sun visors on the De Lorean have vinyl on one side, and headline fabric on the other side. A visor is a surface that protects the eyes, such as shading them from the sun or other bright light or protecting them from objects A vinyl compound is any Organic compound that contains a vinyl group (also called ethenyl) &minus C[[Hydrogen H]] =CH sub>2 A textile is a flexible material comprised of a network of natural or artificial Fibres often referred to as thread or Yarn. Originally these were installed such that the headliner side would be on the bottom when not in use. Later on in 1981, they were reversed so that the vinyl side would be on the bottom.

The original Ducellier alternator supplied with the early production DMC-12s could not provide enough current to supply the car when all lights and electrical options were on; as a result, the battery would gradually discharge, leaving the driver stranded on the road. alternator is an electromechanical device that converts mechanical energy to Alternating current electrical energy In electronics a battery is a combination of two or more Electrochemical cells which store chemical Energy which can be converted into electrical energy This happened to De Lorean owner Johnny Carson shortly after he was presented with the vehicle. John William “Johnny” Carson ( October 23, 1925 &ndash January 23, 2005) was an American Television host and Later cars were fitted from the factory with a higher output Motorola alternator which solved this problem. Motorola Inc ( is an American, multinational Fortune 100, Telecommunications company based in Schaumburg Illinois. This also is believed to be the reason behind the improvement in the sound quality of the horn. Earlier models emitted a weak sound, not loud or strong enough to be effective in normal traffic.

Special DMC-12s

Several special-edition DMC-12 cars have been produced over the years, and the car is most notably featured as the time machine in the Back to the Future trilogy. The Back to the Future trilogy is a comedic Science fiction Film Trilogy written by Bob Gale and Robert Zemeckis The PRV engines of the cars were swapped out for more powerful Porsche engines. Four De Lorean chassis were used during the production (i. e. exterior scene, stripped down for interior scenes, one decked out with time travel equipment, and one that was "wrecked" by the train).

One of several De Lorean prototypes is still in existence, and is currently for sale after undergoing a complete restoration at De Lorean Motor Company of Florida (DMCFL). There have also been major finds in the last few years of "pilot cars". These cars, used for testing of the De Lorean, had been thought destroyed. The test car featured on the front cover of Autocar in 1981 announcing the De Lorean to the world was found in 2003 in a barn in Northern Ireland; it is currently undergoing restoration. Production of the De Lorean started at VIN 500. VINs 502 and 530 were used by Legend Industries as a proof of concept for a twin-turbo version of the standard De Lorean PRV-V6 engine. VIN 530 is undergoing a restoration at PJ Grady's in New York. Vin 502 is owned by DMCFL and is going through a full Concours restoration at that location. Vin 502 has now (July 2007) been sold by DMCFL and has been exported to New Zealand. The car now resides in Wellington, and has been complied to run on New Zealand roads. Only one other twin-turbo engine is known to exist: it was purchased in the late 1990s by an individual owner. There is also another De Lorean that in its own right will soon join the ranks of becoming a Legend Car, VIN 570, which is now being converted to a full Legend(reproduction) Car by Chris Nicholson of PJ Grady Europe- the present owner of vin 00570.

VIN 500, notable for being the first production De Lorean to roll off the line in 1981, is on display in the Crawford Auto-Aviation Museum in Cleveland, Ohio. The Crawford Auto-Aviation Museum, in the University Circle neighborhood of Cleveland Ohio, is part of the Western Reserve Historical Society, and was Cleveland is a City in the US state of Ohio and the County seat of Cuyahoga County, the most populous county in the state Ohio ( is a Midwestern state of the United States. As part of the Great Lakes region, Ohio has long been a cultural and geographical crossroads ^[16]

Only 16 factory authorised right-hand drive prototype models were made for use in the United Kingdom. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located As of 2008 these cars are valued in the region of £25,000 - £30,000.

For Christmas 1981, A De Lorean/American Express promotion planned to sell one hundred 24k gold-plated DMC-12s for $85,000 each to its gold card members, but only two were sold. American Express ( sometimes known as " AmEx " or " Amex " is a diversified global Financial services company headquartered in One of these was purchased by Roger Mize, president of Snyder National Bank in Snyder, Texas. Snyder is a city in Scurry County, Texas, United States. The population was 10783 at the 2000 Census. Texas ( is a state geographically located in the South Central United States and is also known as the Lone Star State. VIN #4301 sat in the bank lobby for over 20 years before being loaned to the Petersen Automotive Museum of Los Angeles. The Petersen Automotive Museum is located on Wilshire Boulevard along Museum Row in the Miracle Mile neighborhood of Los Angeles. It has a black interior, and an automatic transmission. ^[17]

The second gold-plated American Express DMC-12 is located at the William F. Harrah Foundation/National Automobile Museum in Reno, Nevada. William Fisk Harrah ( September 2, 1911 — June 30, 1978) was an American businessman and the founder of Harrah's The National Automobile Museum, located just south of the Truckee River in Reno Nevada, displays historic Automobiles Nevada ( is a state located in the western region of the United States of America. This car, VIN #4300, is the only one of the three existing gold-plated examples to be equipped with a manual transmission. This car has a tan interior. Like its golden siblings, it is a low-mileage vehicle with only 1,442 miles (2,307 km) on the odometer. An odometer (often known colloquially as a mileometer or milometer) is a device used for indicating Distance traveled by an Automobile or other ^[18]

A third gold-plated car exists with 636 miles (1,018 km) clocked up; it carries the VIN plate for the last De Lorean, #20105, though final assembly was actually completed in Columbus, Ohio in 1983. ^[19] This car was assembled with spare parts that were required by American Express in case one of the other two that were built were damaged. All necessary gold-plated parts were on hand, with the exception of one door. The car was assembled after another door was gold-plated, though the added door does not precisely match the rest of the car in color and grain. The car was first acquired by the winner of a Big Lots store raffle. Big Lots Inc ( is a Fortune 500 retail corporation with annual Revenues well over $4 billion Consolidated International, which owned the department store, had purchased 1,374 DMC-12s during the De Lorean Company's financial troubles, acquiring the remaining stock after the company went into receivership. Now held by a private owner in La Vale, Maryland, the third and last gold-plated De Lorean is currently for sale at the price of $250,000. La Vale is a Census-designated place (CDP in Allegany County, Maryland, United States. This car and the example in Reno have saddle-brown leather interiors, a color scheme which was intended to become an option on later production cars. However, these two cars were the only De Loreans to be thus equipped from factory parts.

Return to production

DMC Houston announced on July 30, 2007 that the car would be returning into very limited production (about 20 cars per year) in 2008. Events 1419 - First Defenestration of Prague. 1502 - Christopher Columbus lands at Guanaja in the Bay Islands off Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ^[20] The newly produced cars will have a base price of $57,500 and have new stainless steel frames and lighter fiberglass underbodies, with optional extras such as GPS, an enhanced "Stage 2" engine, and possibly a new modern interior. The cars will be made with 80% old parts and the rest new. ^[21]

De Lorean in popular culture

When founding his company, John De Lorean negotiated with many celebrities to persuade them to back the new De Lorean car and the company. Johnny Carson, talk show host/comedian, was given a De Lorean and also invested in DMC. John William “Johnny” Carson ( October 23, 1925 &ndash January 23, 2005) was an American Television host and

The DMC-12 was featured and mentioned in many films and on television, most notably as the time machine designed by Dr. Emmett Brown in the Back to the Future trilogy. "Doc Brown" redirects here For the British rapper see Doc Brown (rapper. The Back to the Future trilogy is a comedic Science fiction Film Trilogy written by Bob Gale and Robert Zemeckis Brown's rationale for choosing the De Lorean was stated in the first film: "The way I see it, if you're gonna build a time machine into a car, why not do it with some style?" Brown also started to say that the car's stainless steel construction was apparently ideal for "flux dispersal", an aspect of time travel. Back to the Future is a 1985 science fiction Comedy film directed by Robert Zemeckis and produced by Steven Spielberg. Exactly why or how is unknown, because he was cut off by the arrival of the time machine, which he had sent a minute into the future as a test. The choice of the De Lorean was actually for the purpose of a gag in the film that occurs when the car arrives in the year 1955 and is mistaken for an alien spacecraft due to its gull-wing doors. Year 1955 ( MCMLV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays the 1955 Gregorian calendar) ^[22]

Six DMC-12s were co-opted for use in the making of the films. For the second and third films, producers replaced the underpowered stock engines in their production cars with Porsche engines. Porsche SE or Porsche ( German, ˈpɔɹʃə is a German manufacturer of automobiles which is majority-owned by the Porsche and Piëch The Back to the Future Part II De Lorean was seen as a prop that Amanda Bynes's character rested on the hood and windshield of in the movie Big Fat Liar. Back to the Future Part II is a 1989 film and a Sequel to the 1985 film Back to the Future. Amanda Laura Bynes (born April 3 1986 is an American actress, former show host on Nickelodeon, Singer and Voice actor. Big Fat Liar is a 2002 American Comedy film, directed by Shawn Levy and starring Frankie Muniz, Paul Giamatti

In large part due to the popularity of Back to the Future, the DeLorean has been seen in many other contexts as well, including The Simpsons, The Wedding Singer, Miami Vice, The Fairly Oddparents, Monster Garage, Rocky 3, Malibu Express, Drawn Together, Family Guy, Haker, Get a Life, Matlock, Stargate Atlantis, Eerie Indiana, Donnie Darko, Harvey Birdman, Designing Women, Just Shoot Me!, Be Kind Rewind and also Minoriteam. The Wedding Singer is a 1998 Film written by Tim Herlihy and directed by Frank Coraci that stars Adam Sandler as Robbie Miami Vice is an American Television series produced by Michael Mann for NBC. Monster Garage was a popular television show for the Discovery Channel hosted by Jesse G Rocky III ( 1982) is the third installment in the Rocky movie series. Malibu Express is a 1985 action/adventure film starring Darby Hinton, Sybil Danning, Lori Sutton and Art Metrano. Drawn Together is an American Animated television series, which ran on Comedy Central from October 27, 2004 to November Family Guy is an animated American television sitcom created by Seth MacFarlane that airs on Fox and regularly on other Get a Life is a television sitcom that was broadcast in the United States on the Fox Network from September 23, 1990 to Matlock was a long-running American Television Legal drama. The show ran from September 23, 1986 to May Stargate Atlantis (often abbreviated as SGA) is an American - Canadian Science fiction Television program, part of the Eerie Indiana is an American Television show that aired on NBC from 1991 to 1992 and then on FOX from 1997 to 1998 Donnie Darko is a 2001 cult classic Psychological thriller Film written and directed by Richard Kelly, and starring Harvey Birdman Attorney at Law is a North American Animated television series comedy created by Williams Street that airs on Cartoon Designing Women was an American television Sitcom that centered around the working and personal lives of four Southern women and one man in an Interior Just Shoot Me! is an Emmy and Golden Globe -nominated American Television sitcom that aired for seven seasons on Minoriteam is an Animated television series on Cartoon Network's Adult Swim. In most of these films and television shows, actors are seen driving a DMC-12 or mentioning the De Lorean in dialogue. As well, the DeLorean is referenced during a television spot on The Learning Channel as part of their life lesson ad campaign. TLC (generally called as The Learning Channel) is a cable TV network in the US and Canada, that carries a variety of informational and It can also been seen in Stuntaman's Fly, where the car is used as a time machine. The theme of the video is easily recognized as Back to the Future. Additionally, in the film Knocked Up, there is a dinner scene in which Back to the Future lines are quoted and the DeLorean is mentioned. Knocked Up is a 2007 American Comedy film, written co-produced and directed by Judd Apatow. Also, the two members of Gnarls Barkley pose (in Doc & Marty guises), with a DMC-12 in the 11/06 issue of "Spin" magazine. Gnarls Barkley is an American musical collaboration between Multi-instrumentalist and producer Danger Mouse (Brian Burton from New

The DMC-12 has also been featured in many computer games, most notably in the Back to the Future games; but also in Carmageddon: Splat Pack (1997), Duke Nukem: Time to Kill (1998), South Park Rally (1998), Carmageddon 2: Carpocalypse Now (1998), M25 Racer (1999), Interstate '82 (1999), Vigilante 8: Second Offense (1999), Resident Evil 2 (1998), Resident Evil 3: Nemesis (1999), Wreckless: The Yakuza Missions (2002), Grand Theft Auto: Vice City (2002) (lookalike, without gull-wing doors, named "Deluxo"), R Racing Revolution (2004), Gran Turismo 4 (2005), Enthusia Professional Racing (2005), FlatOut 2 (2006), Redline (2006), Scarface: The World is Yours (2006) (with scissor doors instead of gull-wing doors, named "Delphine") and Project Gotham Racing 4(note: only version B) (2007), in which an achievement can be unlocked if it is driven at 88 miles per hour or more when lightning strikes, a reference to Back to the Future. A personal computer Game (also known as a computer game or simply PC game) is a Video game played on a Personal computer, rather Console games Back to the Future - NES; released by LJN Back to the Future Part II & III - NES Carmageddon is the first of a series of graphically violent driving-oriented Video games produced by Stainless Games, published by Interplay and Duke Nukem Time To Kill is a third-person action/adventure PlayStation Video game in the Duke Nukem series South Park Rally is a racing video game based on the characters from the television series South Park. Carmageddon II Carpocalypse Now is the sequel to the Computer game Carmageddon, released on November 30, 1998. A2 Racer is a racing Computer game series from Dutch game company Davilex Games. Interstate '82 is a Computer game for the PC. It was developed by Activision and released in 1999. Vigilante 8 Second Offense is a Vehicular combat Video game released for the PlayStation, Sega Dreamcast and the Nintendo Resident Evil 2, known in Japan as, is a Survival horror game by Capcom originally released for the PlayStation in 1998 Resident Evil 3 Nemesis, released in Japan as is a Survival horror Video game and the third installment in the Resident Evil Wreckless The Yakuza Missions is a Video game on GameCube, Xbox and PlayStation 2. Grand Theft Auto Vice City is a sandbox-style action-adventure computer and Video game designed by Rockstar North (formerly Gran Turismo 4 (also known as GT4) is a racing Video game for Sony PlayStation 2 which is published by Enthusia Professional Racing is a Racing game for the PlayStation 2. FlatOut 2 is a Racing Video game developed by Bugbear Entertainment and published by Empire Interactive and Vivendi Universal Redline is a Computer game for Mac OS X developed by Jonas Echterhoff and published by Ambrosia Software. Scarface The World Is Yours is a Video game developed by Radical Entertainment and published by Vivendi Universal Games. Scissor doors are doors that rotate vertically at a fixed hinge near the end of the windshield It is also downloadable as an add-on car for Midtown Madness 2 in both the original DMC design and the Back to the Future design. Midtown Madness 2 is a free roam racing/arcade sequel to Midtown Madness, part of the Midtown Madness series, developed by Angel Studios Back to the Future is a 1985 science fiction Comedy film directed by Robert Zemeckis and produced by Steven Spielberg. Two versions of the DMC-12 from the second Back to the Future movies (flying mode and ground mode), (and other back to the future props) are also downloadable for The Sims from a popular fan site. In most of these video games, the cars are lookalikes or clones of the De Lorean, though not actually named "De Loreans" or featuring the De Lorean logo, to avoid trademark issues. A trademark or trade mark, represented by the symbols ™ and ®, or mark is a distinctive sign or indicator used by an individual

In the 17 October 2007 episode of The Chaser's War on Everything Craig Reucassel dressed as Doctor Emmett Brown ran after the Prime Minister of Australia, John Howard with a De Lorean following. The Chaser's War on Everything is an AFI Award winning Australian Television comedy series broadcast on the Australian Broadcasting Corporation "Doc Brown" redirects here For the British rapper see Doc Brown (rapper. The Prime Minister of Australia is the Head of government of the Commonwealth of Australia, holding office on commission from the Governor-General. See also Howard Government John Winston Howard AC (born 26 July 1939 was the 25th Prime Minister of Australia from 11 March Reucassel suggested Howard could use the vehicle to travel back a year to retire from political life at a time of his choosing. The episode aired immediately following the announcement of the Australian federal election in 2007, with Howard trailing Opposition Leader Kevin Rudd in opinion polls. Federal elections for the Parliament of Australia were held on Saturday 24 November 2007 after a 6-week campaign in which 13 Kevin Michael Rudd (born 21 September 1957 is the 26th and current Prime Minister of Australia and federal leader of the Centre-left Australian Labor An opinion poll is a survey of Public opinion from a particular sample.

Kanye West mentions hopping into a De Lorean in his song "Good Morning" from 2007 album Graduation. Kanye Omari West (ˈkɑnjɛj born June 8 1977 is a ten-time Grammy Award -winning American Rapper, Record producer and Singer. Graduation is the action of receiving or conferring an Academic degree or the associated ceremony

Appearance in Episode 2 Series 1 of BBC's Ashes to Ashes (TV series). Ashes to Ashes is a British television drama series which serves as a sequel to the 2006 series Life on Mars.

See also

• Bricklin SV-1
• De Lorean Motor Company
• John De Lorean

Notes

References

• John Z. De Lorean, Ted Schwarz, De Lorean, Zondervan (September, 1985), ISBN 0-310-37940-7
• J Lamm, De Lorean Stainless Steel Illusion, 2nd edition (2003), ISBN 0-9744141-0-7
• R. M. Clarke, De Lorean 1977–1995 Gold Portfolio (December 28, 1995), ISBN 1-85520-331-6

External links

• De Lorean Motor Company
• PJ Grady DeLorean Sales, Parts, Service and Restoration
• De Lorean DMC-12 at the Open Directory Project
• De Lorean DMC 12 at the Internet Movie Cars Database

Events 1065 - Westminster Abbey is Consecrated. 1308 - The reign of Emperor Hanazono, Emperor of Year 1995 ( MCMXCV) was a Common year starting on Sunday. Events of 1995 The Open Directory Project ( ODP) also known as dmoz (from directory The Internet Movie Cars Database (IMCDb is similar to IMDb but instead of showing the list of Actors and crew it shows various cars in films television

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