Citizendia
Your Ad Here

A dazzler is a type of a directed-energy weapon employing intense visible light, usually generated by a laser (laser dazzler). A directed-energy weapon ( DEW) is a type of weapon that emits Energy in an aimed direction without the means of a Projectile. A laser is a device that emits Light ( Electromagnetic radiation) through a process called Stimulated emission. It is a non-lethal weapon intended to cause temporary blindness or disorientation. Less-lethal weapons, less-than-lethal weapons, non-lethal weapons, non-deadly weapons, or more recently compliance weapons are weapons intended A weapon is a Tool used either in Hunting, or attack or defence in Combat for the purpose of subduing enemy personnel or to destroy enemy weapons Blindness is the condition of lacking Visual perception due to Physiological or Neurological factors The first reported use of laser dazzlers in combat was by the British, during the Falklands War of 1982, when they were fitted to various Royal Navy warships in order to hinder low-level Argentinian air attacks. The ComBat was an Aluminium Cricket bat and the subject of an incident that occurred at the WACA cricket ground in Perth in December 1979. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located The Falklands War (Guerra de las Malvinas/Guerra del Atlántico Sur also called the Falklands Conflict/Crisis, was fought in 1982 between Argentina and the The Royal Navy of the United Kingdom is the oldest of the British armed services (and is therefore known as the Senior Service) For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Argentina topics. [1][2] Blinding weapons are banned by 1995 United Nations Protocol on Blinding Laser Weapons. The United Nations ( UN) is an International organization whose stated aims are to facilitate cooperation in International law, International security The Protocol on Blinding Laser Weapons, Protocol IV of the 1980 Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons, was issued by the United Nations on 13 October Dazzlers are not intended to cause permanent blindness, therefore are thought to be able to skirt this regulation.

Narrowband optical filters tuned to the frequency of the laser used may provide a good defense against laser dazzlers. An optical filter is a device which selectively transmits light having certain properties (often a particular range of Wavelengths that is range of Colours On the other hand, the dazzlers may employ lasers using more than one wavelength, or tunable lasers with wider range of output. In Physics wavelength is the distance between repeating units of a propagating Wave of a given Frequency. A tunable laser is a Laser whose Wavelength of operation can be altered in a controlled manner Photochromic materials capable of becoming opaque under high light energy densities may provide protection as well. Photochromism is the reversible transformation of a chemical species between two forms by the absorption of electromagnetic radiation where the two forms have different absorption spectra Non-linear optics techniques are being investigated as well; eg. Nonlinear optics (NLO is the branch of Optics that describes the behaviour of Light in nonlinear media, that is media in which the dielectric polarization vanadium-doped zinc telluride (ZnTe:V) can be used to construct electro-optic power limiters capable of selectively blocking the intense dazzler beam without affecting the weaker light from the observed scene. Zinc telluride is the Chemical compound with the formula ZnTe

Optionally they can operate in infrared when their targets are electronic sensors. Most of the contemporary systems are man-portable, and operate in either red (a semiconductor laser) or green (a DPSS laser) part of the spectrum. A laser diode is a Laser where the active medium is a Semiconductor similar to that found in a Light-emitting diode. Diode-pumped solid-state (DPSS lasers are Solid-state lasers made by pumping a solid Gain medium, for example a Ruby or a Crystal

Some searchlights are bright enough to cause permanent or temporary blindness and have been used to dazzle the crews of bombers during World War II. A searchlight is an apparatus with Reflectors for projecting a powerful beam of Light of approximately parallel rays in a particular World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including Handgun mounted lights may also be used to temporarily blind an opponent and are sometimes marketed for that purpose. In both cases the primary purpose is to illuminate the target and their use to disorient is secondary.

Contents

Makes

LE Systems, under the sponsorship of DARPA, developed a dazzler based on a DPSS laser, with green light output at 532 nm, essentially a souped-up version of the green laser pointers. The Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA is an agency of the United States Department of Defense responsible for the development of new Technology Diode-pumped solid-state (DPSS lasers are Solid-state lasers made by pumping a solid Gain medium, for example a Ruby or a Crystal A laser pointer is a portable pen-sized Laser designed to be held in the hand and most commonly used to project a point of light to highlight items of interest during a The advantage of 532 nm wavelength lies in its ability to interact with human eye in both daylight and reduced light conditions.

B. E Meyers is a world wide supplier manufacturer and systems integrator of electro-optical and other related products used for industrial, law enforcement and defense applications. B. E. Meyers is a recognized world leader in the development and manufacturing of laser and sensor systems. Three separate products, the GLARE MOUT, the GBDIIIC and the GLARE-LRP, have been developed by B. E. Meyers to provide a non-lethal deterrent weapon which temporarily interferes with a suspect’s vision without causing any ocular damage.

While the GLARE MOUTs effective range is 150m-2km for short range use, the GBDIIIC and the GLARE-LRP will take care of long range needs with an effective range of 300m-4km

B.E. Meyers GLARE MOUT
B. E. Meyers GLARE MOUT

Reports confirm that the GLARE has saved numerous lives of both soldiers and non-combatants in Iraq and Afghanistan by communicating a universal warning, requiring individuals to stop and establish their intent. The GLARE is compact, light weight, ultra rugged, waterproof up to 20 meters, weapons integratable, and can be used hand-held. With thousands of GLAREs in service, there have been no reports of failures to date. It is the smallest and most versatile green laser dazzler in existence, and is the only dazzler approved for use by all branches of the Armed Services, leaving the GLARE as the single most important Escalation of Force (EOF) tool.

The Saber 203 dazzler or "Saber 203 Grenade Shell Laser Intruder Countermeasure System", uses a 250 mW red laser diode, mounted in a hard plastic capsule in the shape of a standard 40 mm grenade, suitable to being loaded into a M203 grenade launcher. A laser diode is a Laser where the active medium is a Semiconductor similar to that found in a Light-emitting diode. The 40 mm grenade is a military Grenade caliber for Grenade launchers in service with many armed forces A grenade launcher is a Weapon that launches a Grenade with more accuracy higher velocity and to greater distances than a soldier could throw it by hand It has an effective range of 300 meters. It is controlled via a box snapped under the launcher, and in emergency it can be quickly ejected and replaced with a grenade. It is similar to the LANL-developed optical munition, Project Perseus. Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL (previously known at various times as Site Y, Los Alamos Laboratory, and Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory) is a The Perseus Project is a Digital library project of Tufts University that assembles digital collections of Humanities resources Saber 203 dazzlers were used in Somalia in 1995 during the Operation United Shield. Somalia ( Soomaaliya; الصومال) officially the Somali Republic ( Jamhuuriyadda Soomaaliya, جمهورية الصومال) and formerly known Operation United Shield was the name given to the US military operation of evacuating all remaining 6200 UN peacekeeping troops from Somalia from January According to the Air Force, the system is also usable for law enforcement purposes.

The JD-3 laser dazzler is mounted on the Chinese Type 98 main battle tank. The Type 99, also known as ZTZ-99 and WZ-123, developed from the Type 98G (in turn a development of the Type 98 is a 3rd generation Main battle tank Tank classification is a Taxonomy of identifying either the intended role or weight class of Tanks The classification by role was used primarily during It is coupled with a laser radiation detector, and automatically aims for the enemy's illuminating laser designator, attempting to overwhelm its optical systems or blind the operator. A laser designator is a Laser light source which is used to illuminate a target The ZM-87 Portable Laser Disturber is a Chinese electro-optic countermeasure laser device. It can blind enemy troops at up to 2 to 3 km range and temporarily blind them at up to 10 km range. See ZM-87 or this link for more information. The ZM-87 Portable Laser Disturber is a Chinese Electro-optic Countermeasure Laser device

PHaSR - A United States Dazzler style weapon.
PHaSR - A United States Dazzler style weapon.

The PHaSR or Personnel Halting and Stimulation Response rifle was developed by the U. The Personnel Halting and Stimulation Response Rifle ( PHASR) is a prototype non-lethal Laser dazzler S. Department of Defense:

The Outfit DEC or Laser Dazzle Sight (LDS) is a British ship-based laser, used since the 1980s. The veiling-glare laser works on ultraviolet and is designed to dazzle by causing fluorescence in the lens of the eye. The veiling-glare laser is a proposed laser dazzler, a non-lethal weapon which would use light in the Ultraviolet (UV range Ultraviolet ( UV) light is Electromagnetic radiation with a Wavelength shorter than that of Visible light, but longer than X-rays Fluorescence is a Luminescence that is mostly found as an Eyes are organs that detect Light, and send signals along the Optic nerve to the visual areas of the brain There are other such laser weapon systems in development. See:-

Use in Iraq

At the end of Operation Desert Storm, F-15E crews observing the Iraqi military's massacre of Kurdish civilians at Chamchamal were forbidden from firing on the attackers, but instead used their lasers as a dazzler weapon. Chamchamal (Chemchemal is a Kurdish city located to the east of Kirkuk and west of Suleimania in Iraqi Kurdistan. This ultimately proved ineffective in crashing any attack helicopters. [1]

On 18 May 2006, the U.S. military announced it would issue dazzling lasers designed to be attached to M-4 rifles to troops in Iraq. Events 1152 - Henry II of England marries Eleanor of Aquitaine. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. The United States Armed Forces are the overall unified military forces of the United States For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Iraq topics. This weapon is intended to provide a non-lethal way to stop drivers who fail to stop at checkpoints manned by American soldiers. However, this proposal has attracted criticism from human rights groups who say even these weapons can cause permanent damage [3].

See also

Sources

© 2009 citizendia.org; parts available under the terms of GNU Free Documentation License, from http://en.wikipedia.org
 Dapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic