David L. Payne
David L. Payne
Born	December 30, 1836 Grant County, Indiana
Died	November 28, 1884 Wellington, Kansas
Occupation	American politician "Father of Oklahoma"

David Lewis Payne (December 30, 1836 – November 28, 1884) was an American soldier and pioneer. Events 1460 - Wars of the Roses: Battle of Wakefield. 1816 - The Treaty of St Year 1836 ( MDCCCXXXVI) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap Grant County is a County located in the US state of Indiana, United States. For the town in Argentina, see 28 de Noviembre. Events Year 1884 ( MDCCCLXXXIV) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year Wellington is a city in Sumner County, Kansas, United States. Oklahoma ( is a state located in the South Central region of the United States of America. Events 1460 - Wars of the Roses: Battle of Wakefield. 1816 - The Treaty of St Year 1836 ( MDCCCXXXVI) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap For the town in Argentina, see 28 de Noviembre. Events Year 1884 ( MDCCCLXXXIV) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year A soldier is a general English term that refers to a member of a land component of National Armed forces. Payne is considered by some to be the "Father of Oklahoma" for his work in opening the state to settlement.

He organized, trained, and led the "Boomer Army" on its forays into the Unassigned Lands. Unassigned Lands, or Oklahoma, were in the center of the lands ceded to the United States by the Creek (Muskogee and Seminole Indians following ^[1] Payne's excursions into the Unassigned Lands, trips led by others, and lobbying of Congress by railroad interests eventually convinced the government to open the Unassigned Lands for settlement in 1889, about four years after Payne's death. The United States Congress is the bicameral Legislature of the federal government of the United States of America, consisting of two houses ^[2] The formation of Indian Territory and Oklahoma Territory followed, and Oklahoma became a state in 1907. The Indian Territory, also known as The Indian Country, The Indian territory or the Indian territories, was land set aside within the United States Oklahoma Territory was an Organized territory of the United States from May 2, 1890 until November 16, 1907, when

Early life

Payne was born in 1836 in Grant County, Indiana, on a farm near Fairmount. Grant County is a County located in the US state of Indiana, United States. The State of Indiana ( was the 19th US state admitted into the union Fairmount is a town in Fairmount Township, Grant County in east central Indiana. He grew up working on his father's farm. During winters he attended the local rural school.

In the spring of 1858, Payne and his brother left home intending to join in the Utah War. The Utah War, also known as the Utah Expedition or Buchanan's Blunder, was an armed dispute between Latter-day Saint (" Mormon " Their interest evidently waned by the time they crossed the Missouri River, as they stopped in Doniphan County, Kansas. Doniphan County (county code DP) is a county located in Northeast Kansas, in the Central United States. Kansas ( is a Midwestern state in the central region of the United States of America, an area often referred to as the American " There, in Burr Oak Township, Payne acquired some land and built a sawmill. A sawmill is a facility where logs are cut into boards Sawmill process A sawmill's basic operation is much like those of 100 years ago a log enters It soon failed and Payne fell to hunting to support himself. Hunting is the practice of pursuing Animals for Food, Recreation, or Trade. Eventually private parties and then the Federal government hired him to scout for their various expeditions. The federal government of the United States is the central United States Governmental body established by the United States Constitution. These activities led to his exploration of what would later become Oklahoma.

Soldier and politician

The south side of the David L. Payne memorial near Stillwater, Oklahoma. Stillwater is a city in Payne County, Oklahoma, United States.

At the opening of the Civil War, Payne enlisted in the 4th Kansas Volunteer Infantry. Causes of the war See also Origins of the American Civil War, Timeline of events leading to the American Civil War The coexistence of a slave-owning South The Infantry is the oldest and most numerous of the Combat Arms in the Armed forces, and consists In April 1862, his regiment and the 3rd Kansas were consolidated to form the 10th. A regiment is a Military unit, composed of a variable number of Battalions – commanded by a Colonel. He served from August 1861 to August 1864 as a private in Company F. During his service the unit saw action in Kansas, Missouri, Arkansas, and the Cherokee Nation, including the Battle of Prairie Grove in 1862. Missouri ( or) is a state in the Midwestern region of the United States bordered by Iowa, Illinois, Kentucky, Tennessee Arkansas ( is a state located in the southern region of the United States. The Cherokee (ᎠᏂᏴᏫᏯ a-ni-yv-wi-ya, in the Cherokee language) are a people native to North America, who at the time of European contact The Battle of Prairie Grove was a battle of the American Civil War fought on 7 December, 1862, that resulted in a tactical stalemate but essentially ^[3]

At the end of his three-year service Payne returned to Doniphan County and was elected to the Kansas Legislature, serving in the 1864 and 1865 sessions. The Kansas Legislature is the state legislature of the US state of Kansas.

In March 1865 Payne enlisted for one year in the 15th Kansas Cavalry as a private assigned to Company H. The unit had been activated in response to a January state legislative resolution which called for the organization of a regiment of veteran volunteer cavalry to protect western Kansas from Indian activity.

In July 1867, Kansas Governor Samuel Johnson Crawford issued a proclamation calling for volunteers to protect Kansans from Indian attacks in the west. Samuel Johnson Crawford ( April 10, 1835 - October 21, 1913) was an American General and the third Governor The 18th Kansas Cavalry was brought up for four months as a result. Payne enlisted and was mustered in as the captain of Company D. This battalion replaced the Seventh Cavalry which had been transferred to the Platte River for the summer. A battalion is a Military unit of around 500-1500 men usually consisting of between two and seven companies and typically commanded by a Lieutenant Colonel The Platte River is an approximately 310 mi (499 km long river in the Western United States. In October 1868, Payne mustered in as a lieutenant in Company H of the 19th Kansas Cavalry, which served in a winter campaign against Indians on the western Great Plains. The Great Plains are the broad expanse of Prairie and Steppe which lie east of the Rocky Mountains in the United States and Canada During this campaign, Payne served as a scout for General Philip Sheridan. Philip Henry Sheridan (March 6 1831 &ndash August 5 1888 was a career United States Army officer and a Union general in the American Civil War

In 1870 Payne moved to Sedgwick County, near Wichita,^[3] and the following year he was again elected to the Kansas Legislature. Sedgwick County (standard abbreviation SG) is a county located in the U Wichita (ˈwɪtʃɪtaː is the most populous City in the US state of Kansas, and the county seat of Sedgwick County. This led to appointments as Postmaster at Fort Leavenworth in 1867 and as Sergeant-at-arms for two terms of the Kansas Senate. Postmaster (or Postmistress) refers to the head of an individual Post office. Fort Leavenworth is a United States Army facility located in Leavenworth County Kansas (just north of the city of Leavenworth) in the upper northeast A Serjeant at Arms (also spelled Sergeant at Arms, and sometimes Serjeant-at-Arms) is an officer appointed by a Deliberative The Kansas Senate is the Upper house of the Kansas Legislature, the state legislature of the U In 1875 and 1879, Payne served as assistant to the Doorkeeper of the United States House of Representatives. An appointed officer of the United States House of Representatives from 1789 to 1995 the Doorkeeper of the United States House of Representatives was chosen by a resolution

During the intervals between political engagements and military service, Payne supported himself by hunting, scouting, and guiding wagon trains. Wagon Train is a Television Western Series on NBC from 1957 - 1962 and then on ABC from 1962- ^[3]

Boomer

The east side of the memorial erected in 1995 near Payne's gravesite in Stillwater, Oklahoma. Stillwater is a city in Payne County, Oklahoma, United States.

In 1866, shortly after the Civil War, the Federal government forced many tribes in the Indian Territory into making concessions. Native Americans in the United States are the indigenous peoples from the regions of North America now encompassed by the continental United States The Indian Territory, also known as The Indian Country, The Indian territory or the Indian territories, was land set aside within the United States The government accused the various tribes of abrogating the standing treaties by joining the Confederacy. A Treaty is an agreement under International law entered into by actors in international law namely States and International organizations. Stand Watie ( 12 December 1806 &ndash 9 September 1871) (also known as Standhope Oowatie, Degataga "stand As a result some two million acres (8,000 km²) of land in the center of Indian Territory were ceded to the United States and thought by many to be public domain land. The acre is a unit of Area in a number of different systems including the imperial and U Square Kilometre ( US spelling square kilometer) symbol km2, is a decimal multiple of the SI unit of Public domain is a term used to describe lands that were not under private or state ownership during the 18th and 19th centuries in the United States, as the country was expanding

Elias Boudinot, a Cherokee citizen working as a lobbyist in Washington, D.C., published an article about the public land issue in the February 17, 1879 edition of the Chicago Times. Washington DC ( formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, the District, or simply D Events 1500 - Battle of Hemmingstedt. 1600 - Philosopher Giordano Bruno is burned alive at Campo de' Fiori Year 1879 ( MDCCCLXXIX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The Chicago Times was a Newspaper in Chicago from 1854 to 1895 when it merged with the Chicago Herald. Dr. Morrison Munford of the Kansas City Times began referring to this tract as the "Unassigned Lands" or "Oklahoma" and to the people agitating for its settlement as Boomers. The Kansas City Times was a morning newspaper in Kansas City Missouri from 1867 to 1990 Unassigned Lands, or Oklahoma, were in the center of the lands ceded to the United States by the Creek (Muskogee and Seminole Indians following Munford is the first person to use the terms "boom" and "boomer" to describe the movement of white settlers into these lands. ^[4] To prevent settlement of the land, President Rutherford B. Hayes issued a proclamation in April 1879 forbidding unlawful entry into Indian Territory. Rutherford Birchard Hayes (October 4 1822 January 17 1893 was an American politician, lawyer, military leader and the nineteenth

Inspired by Boudinot, Payne began his efforts to enter and settle the public domain lands as allowed by existing law. He returned from his job in Washington and returned to Wichita in 1879. On his first attempt to enter Indian Territory, in April 1880, Payne and his party laid out a town they named "Ewing" on the present-day site of Oklahoma City. Oklahoma City is the capital and largest city of the US state of Oklahoma. The Fourth Cavalry arrested them, took them to Fort Reno, then escorted them back to Kansas. The 4th Cavalry Regiment is a United States Army Cavalry Regiment, whose lineage is traced back to the mid-19th century Fort Reno was established as a permanent post in July 1875 near the Darlington Indian Agency on the old Cheyenne - Arapaho reservation in ^[5] Payne was furious, as public law (specifically the Posse Comitatus Act) prohibited the military from interfering in civil matters. Public law is a theory of law governing the relationship between Individuals ( Citizens companies) and the State. The Posse Comitatus Act is a United States federal law ( passed on June 16, 1878 after the end of Reconstruction. Payne and his party were freed, which effectively denied them access to federal and state courts.

Anxious to prove his case in court, Payne and a larger group returned to Ewing in July 1879. The Army again arrested the party, escorted them back to Kansas, and freed them. This time, however, Payne was charged under the Indian Intercourse Act and brought to trial in Fort Smith, Arkansas in March 1881. The Indian Intercourse Acts were several acts passed by the United States Congress regulating commerce between American Indians and non-Indians and restricting travel Fort Smith is the second-largest city in the US state of Arkansas and one of the two County seats of Sebastian County. Judge Isaac Parker ruled against Payne and fined him the maximum amount of US$1,000, but since Payne had no money and no property, the fine could not be collected. The United States dollar ( sign: $; code: USD) is the unit of Currency of the United States; it has also been The ruling settled nothing about the public lands, however, and Payne continued his activities unabated. He organized and led several more expeditions into the territory, even forming a newspaper called the Oklahoma War Chief, the first in the Cherokee Outlet, which he published in several sites along the Kansas-Indian Territory border. ^[6]

During one of his last ventures, Payne insisted on a public trial, so he and his group were hauled the group several hundred miles to Fort Smith. Public trial or open trial is a trial open to public as opposed to the Secret trial. The trip began at Fort Reno and proceed to Fort Sill, Henrietta, Texas, Texarkana, Arkansas, Little Rock, Arkansas and then finally to Fort Smith. Fort Sill is a United States Army post near Lawton, Oklahoma, about 85 miles southwest of Oklahoma City. Henrietta is a city in Clay County, Texas, United States. It is part of the Wichita Falls Texas Metropolitan Statistical Area. Texarkana is the largest city and County seat of Miller County, Arkansas, United States. Little Rock is the Capital and the most populous city of the U ^[7] During another trip in July 1884, the army seized his Oklahoma War Chief press, burned his buildings, and took Payne and his group through the Cherokee Nation after their arrest. The Cherokee (ᎠᏂᏴᏫᏯ a-ni-yv-wi-ya, in the Cherokee language) are a people native to North America, who at the time of European contact The party was paraded through the streets of Tahlequah, past the Indian people who hated him for his attempts to seize part of their lands. Tahlequah (Pronounced " Tal a Kwa " is a city in Cherokee County, Oklahoma, United States located at the foot hills of the Ozark Mountains ^[4]

Public sentiment grew so great over his mistreatment at the hands of the military that the government finally granted his trial. Payne was turned over to the United States District Court for the District of Kansas at Topeka. The United States District Court for the District of Kansas is the federal district court whose Jurisdiction is the state of Kansas. Topeka ( Kansa: Tó Ppí Kˀé ˌto ˈpːi ˌkˀeɪ Ioway: Dó Pí Kˀé ˌto ˈpʰi ˌkˀeɪ In the fall term, Judge Cassius G. Foster quashed the indictments and ruled that settling on the Unassigned Lands was not a criminal offense. Boomers celebrated, but the government refused to accept the decision.

Between expeditions, Payne often spoke to crowds of admirers and recruited more Boomers. The day after such an address in Wellington, Kansas on November 27, 1884, Payne collapsed and died of heart failure. Wellington is a city in Sumner County, Kansas, United States. Events 1095 - Pope Urban II declares the First Crusade at the Council of Clermont Year 1884 ( MDCCCLXXXIV) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year ^[4] His funeral filled the Methodist Episcopal Church in Wellington and thousands filed past his grave. For individual churches named Methodist Episcopal Church, see Methodist Episcopal Church (disambiguation The Methodist Episcopal Church, sometimes ^[8]

Payne's family moved his remains to Oklahoma in 1995. On April 22, 1995, a monument was dedicated at his final resting place in Stillwater, Oklahoma. Events 1500 - Portuguese Navigator Pedro Álvares Cabral becomes the first European to sight Brazil. Year 1995 ( MCMXCV) was a Common year starting on Sunday. Events of 1995 Stillwater is a city in Payne County, Oklahoma, United States. Payne County, of which Stillwater is the county seat, is named in his honor. Payne County is a county in the US state of Oklahoma. The population was 68190 at the 2000 census. A county seat is a term for an Administrative center for a County, primarily used in the United States.

See also

• Neutral Strip
• Sooners

References

External links

• Art of the Oklahoma State Capitol - David L. Payne bust
• Captain David L. Payne Memorial