| David Hockney | |
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 David Hockney - English Artist |
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| Born | David Hockney July 9, 1937 Bradford, England |
| Occupation | Artist, painter, printmaker |
David Hockney, CH, RA, (born 9 July 1937) is an English artist, based in Los Angeles, California, United States. The Order of the Companions of Honour is a British and Commonwealth Order. This article refers to an art institution in London For other meanings of Royal Academy see Royal Academy (disambiguation. Events 455 - Roman military commander Avitus is proclaimed Emperor of the Western Roman Empire. Year 1937 ( MCMXXXVII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland The definition of an artist is wide-ranging and covers a broad spectrum of Activities to do with creating Art, practicing the Arts and/or demonstrating Los Angeles (lɑˈsændʒələs los ˈaŋxeles in Spanish) is the largest City in the state of California and the American West California ( is a US state on the West Coast of the United States, along the Pacific Ocean. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the An important contributor to the British Pop art movement of the 1960s, he is considered one of the most influential artists of the twentieth century. Pop Art is a visual Art movement that emerged in the mid 1950s in Britain and in parallel in the late 1950s in the United States. The 1960s decade refers to the years from the beginning of 1960 to the end of 1969 He settled in California during the 80's
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Early years
Hockney was born in Bradford and educated first at Wellington Primary School (then Wellington first school). Bradford ( lies at the heart of the City of Bradford, a Metropolitan borough of West Yorkshire, England. He later went to Bradford Grammar School, Bradford College of Art and the Royal College of Art in London, where he met R. B. Kitaj. Bradford Grammar School was founded in 1548 and granted its Charter as the Free Grammar School of King Charles II in 1662 Bradford College is a large further and Higher education college located in Bradford in the north of England, with approximately A Royal College in some Commonwealth countries is technically a College which has received permission to use the prefix Royal. London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. Ronald Brooks Kitaj ( 29 October 1932 &ndash 21 October 2007) (pronounced kit-EYE was an American -born Artist who spent While still a student at the Royal College of Art, Hockney was featured in the exhibition Young Contemporaries—alongside Peter Blake—that announced the arrival of British Pop Art. Peter Blake may refer to Peter Blake (artist Peter Blake (yachtsman Peter Blake (actor Peter He became associated with the movement, but his early works also display expressionist elements, not dissimilar to certain works by Francis Bacon. Expressionism is the tendency of an artist to distort reality for an Emotional effect it is a subjective art form Francis Bacon' (28 October 1909 – 28 April 1992 was an Irish-born British figurative painter. Sometimes, as in We Two Boys Together Clinging (1961), named after a poem by Walt Whitman, these works make reference to his homosexuality. Walter Whitman (May 31 1819 &ndash March 26 1892 was an American poet, Essayist journalist, and humanist. Homosexuality refers to sexual behavior with or attraction to people of the same sex or to a Homosexual orientation. From 1963 Hockney was represented by the influential art dealer John Kasmin. John Kasmin (born 1934 is a British art dealer who along with Robert Fraser promoted British and American Pop Art in the 1960s In 1963 Hockney visited New York, making contact with Andy Warhol. For the song by David Bowie, see Andy Warhol (song. Andrew Warhola (August 6 1928 &ndash February 22 1987 known as Andy Warhol Later, a visit to California, where he settled, inspired Hockney to make a series of oil paintings of swimming pools in Los Angeles. California ( is a US state on the West Coast of the United States, along the Pacific Ocean. Oil painting is the process of painting with Pigments that are bound with a medium of Drying oil — especially in early modern Europe Linseed oil Los Angeles (lɑˈsændʒələs los ˈaŋxeles in Spanish) is the largest City in the state of California and the American West These are executed in a more realistic style and use vibrant colours. He also made prints, portraits of friends, and stage designs for the Royal Court Theatre, Glyndebourne, La Scala and the Metropolitan Opera in New York City. A portrait is a painting, photograph, Sculpture, or other artistic representation of a person in which the face and its expression is predominant Scenic design (also known as stage design, set design or production design) is the creation of theatrical, as well as Film or Court Theatre The Royal Court Theatre is a non-commercial theatre on Sloane Square, in the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea. This article is about the Glyndebourne opera festival See Glyndebourne for details of the Country house and opera house Glyndebourne Festival The Teatro alla Scala (or La Scala, as it is known in Milan, Italy, is one of the world's most famous Opera houses The theatre was The Metropolitan Opera Association of New York City, founded in April 1880 is a major presenter of all types of opera including Grand Opera. The City of New York
Infatuation with Cliff Richard
Early in his development, Hockney exhibited a distinct crush on rockstar Cliff Richard. Sir Cliff Richard, OBE, (born Harry Roger Webb on 14 October 1940 is an English Singer, Actor and Businessman. Richard was referenced directly and indirectly in Hockney's work. Often Hockney referred to him as 'Doll Boy' after Richard's 1958 hit single Living Doll and many early works have the letters "CR" or "DB" or the numerical representation "42" where 4 represents the D and 2 stands for the B. " Living Doll " is a popular song by Cliff Richard and the Shadows (then still The Drifters)
Works
The "joiners"
David Hockney has also worked with photography, or, more precisely, photocollage. Photography (fә'tɒgrәfi or fә'tɑːgrәfi (from Greek φωτο and γραφία is the process and Art of recording pictures by means of capturing Photomontage is the process (and result of making a composite photograph by cutting and joining a number of other photographs Using varying numbers (~5-150) of small Polaroid snaps or photolab-prints of a single subject Hockney arranged a patchwork to make a composite image. For the Polaroid instant camera see Instant camera. For the company see Polaroid Corporation. Because these photos are taken from different perspectives and at slightly different times, the result is work which has an affinity with Cubism, an affinity which was one of Hockney's major aims - discussing the way human vision works. Cubism was a 20th century Avant-garde Art movement, pioneered by Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque, that revolutionized European Some of these pieces are landscapes such as Pearblossom Highway #2, [1]others being portraits, e. For the art of designing external spaces see Landscape architecture. A portrait is a painting, photograph, Sculpture, or other artistic representation of a person in which the face and its expression is predominant g. Kasmin 1982,[2] and My Mother, Bolton Abbey, 1982. [3]
These photomontage works appeared mostly between 1970 and 1986. He referred to them as "joiners". He began this style of art by taking Polaroid photographs of one subject and arranging them into a grid layout. The subject would actually move while being photographed so that the piece would show the movements of the subject seen from the photographer's perspective. Perspective, in context of vision and Visual perception, is the way in which objects appear to the Eye based on their spatial attributes or In later works Hockney changed his technique and moved the camera around the subject instead.
Hockney's creation of the "lergy" occurred accidentally. He noticed in the late sixties that photographers were using cameras with wide-angle lenses to take pictures. He did not like such photographs because they always came out somewhat distorted. He was working on a painting of a living room and terrace in Los Angeles. Los Angeles (lɑˈsændʒələs los ˈaŋxeles in Spanish) is the largest City in the state of California and the American West He took Polaroid shots of the living room and glued them together, not intending for them to be a composition on their own. Upon looking at the final composition, he realized it created a narrative, as if the viewer was moving through the room. A narrative or story is a construct created in a suitable format (written spoken poetry prose images song Theater, or Dance) that describes a sequence of He began to work more and more with photography after this discovery and even stopped painting for a period of time to exclusively pursue this new style of photography.
Later works
In 1974, Hockney was the subject of Jack Hazan's film, A Bigger Splash (named after one of Hockney's swimming pool paintings from 1967).
Hockney was commissioned to design the cover and a series of pages for the December 1985 issue of the French edition of Vogue magazine. Vogue is a Fashion and lifestyle Magazine published in eighteen countries by Condé Nast Publications. Consistent with his interest in Cubism and admiration for Pablo Picasso, Hockney chose to paint Celia Birtwell (who appears in several of his works) with different views—her facial features as if the eye had scanned her face diagonally. Cubism was a 20th century Avant-garde Art movement, pioneered by Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque, that revolutionized European Pablo Diego José Francisco de Paula Juan Nepomuceno María de los Remedios Cipriano de la Santísima Trinidad Martyr Patricio Clito Ruíz y Picasso (October 25 1881 &ndash April 8 1973 Celia Birtwell is a Textile designer. Born in Salford, Lancashire, in 1941 she studied Textile Design in Manchester, where in 1959
Another important commission of his was to draw with the Quantel Paintbox, a computer program that allowed the artist to sketch direct onto the monitor screen. The Quantel Paintbox is a dedicated Computer graphics Workstation for composition of Broadcast television Video and graphics This commission was taken by Hockney in December 1985. Using this program was similar to drawing on the PET film for prints which he had much experience in. Biaxially-oriented Polyethylene terephthalate (boPET Polyester film is used for its high Tensile strength, Chemical and dimensional Stability His works were so successful that a video was made while he was using the Quantel and broadcast by the BBC.
His A Bigger Grand Canyon, a series of 60 paintings which combined to produce one enormous picture, was bought by the National Gallery of Australia for $4. The National Gallery of Australia is the premier art gallery and museum in Australia, holding over 120000 works of Art. 6 million.
On 21 June 2006, his painting of The Splash fetched £2. Events 524 - Godomar, King of the Burgundians defeats the Franks at the Battle of Vézeronce. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. 6m - a record for a Hockney painting [3].
In October 2006 the National Portrait Gallery in London organized one of the largest ever displays of Hockney's portraiture work, including 150 of his paintings, drawings, prints, sketchbooks and photocollages from over the course of five decades. The collection consisted of his earliest self portraits up into his latest work completed in 2005. [4] The exhibition proved to be one of the most successful in the gallery's history, and Hockney himself assisted in displaying the works. The exhibition ran until January 2007.
In June 2007, Hockney's largest painting, Bigger Trees Near Warter, which measures 15 x 40 foot, was hung in the Royal Academy's largest gallery in their annual Summer Exhibition. This article refers to an art institution in London For other meanings of Royal Academy see Royal Academy (disambiguation. The Summer Exhibition is an open Art exhibition held annually by the Royal Academy in Burlington House, Piccadilly in central London [5] This work "is a monumental-scale view of a coppice in Hockney's native Yorkshire, between Bridlington and York. Yorkshire is a historic county of Northern England and the largest in Great Britain. Bridlington is a town and Civil parish in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England. York ( is an historic Walled city sited at the confluence of the rivers Ouse and Foss in North Yorkshire, England. It was painted on 50 individual canvases, mostly working in situ, over five weeks last winter. "[6] In 2008, he donated this work to the Tate gallery in London, saying: "I thought if I'm going to give something to the Tate I want to give them something really good. Tate is the United Kingdom 's national museum of British and Modern Art and is a network of four art galleries in England: Tate Britain (opened in London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. It's going to be here for a while. I don't want to give things I'm not too proud of. . . I thought this was a good painting because it's of England. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland . . it seems like a good thing to do. "[7]
Many of Hockney's works are now housed in a converted industrial building called Salts Mill, in Saltaire, in his home town of Bradford. Salt's Mill (or Salts Mill) is an art gallery shopping and restaurant complex located in Saltaire, Bradford, West Yorkshire, England Saltaire is the name of a Victorian era Model village in the City of Bradford, West Yorkshire, England, by the River Aire
The Hockney-Falco thesis
In the 2001 television programme and book, Secret Knowledge, Hockney posited that the Old Masters used camera obscura techniques, utilized with a concave mirror, which allowed the subject to be projected onto the surface of the painting, leaving the task of the painter to simply match and fill in the colors. The Hockney-Falco thesis is a controversial theory of Art history, advanced by artist David Hockney and physicist Charles M " Old Master " (or " old master " is a term for a European painter of skill who worked before about 1800, or a painting by such The camera obscura (Latin dark chamber) is an optical device used for example in drawing or for entertainment Hockney argues that this technique migrated gradually to Italy and most of Europe, and is the reason for the photographic style of painting we see in the Renaissance and later periods of art. Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest The Renaissance (from French Renaissance, meaning "rebirth" Italian: Rinascimento, from re- "again" and nascere His theory of the use of this method in Old Master works is seen as incorrect by most optical historians and many art historians.
Public life
A conscientious objector, Hockney worked as a medical orderly in hospitals as his National Service in the 1950s. A conscientious objector (CO is an individual who on religious moral or ethical grounds refuses to participate as a combatant in war or in some cases to take any role that would support "National Service" redirects here For national service in other countries see National service. The 1950s Decade refers to the years of 1950 to 1959 inclusive
He was made a Companion of Honour in 1997 and is also a Royal Academician. The Order of the Companions of Honour is a British and Commonwealth Order. This article refers to an art institution in London For other meanings of Royal Academy see Royal Academy (disambiguation.
In September 2005 Hockney declared his opposition to the proposed UK ban on smoking in public places.
On 4th June 2008 Hockney critisized Labour's proposed new policy to ban drawings of children, despite admitting that he would probably not bother to vote in the next general election, and admitted he had only voted twice before in his life.
References
- ^ Image of Pearblossom Highway
- ^ Image of Kasmin 1982
- ^ Image of photocollage My Mother, Bolton Abbey, 1982
- ^ Meredith Etherington-Smith (August 15, 2006), A David Hockney Moment, ARTINFO, <http://www.artinfo.com/news/story/19262/a-david-hockney-moment/>. Retrieved on 17 April 2008
- ^ Bigger Trees near Warter as seen in the Royal Academy, June 2007
- ^ Charlotte Higgins, Hockney's big gift to the Tate: a 40ft landscape of Yorkshire's winter trees, The Guardian, 8 April 2008 [1]
- ^ Simon Crerar, David Hockney donates Bigger Trees Near Warter to Tate, The Times, 7 April 2008 [2]
See also
External links
- Hockneypictures.com Official website
- DavidHockney.com tribute site
- Salts Mill in Saltaire, Yorkshire, England, contains a permanent exhibition of Hockney's work. A Walk Around the Hotel Courtyard Acatlán is a 1985 painting by British artist David Hockney. Mr and Mrs Clark and Percy is a painting by the British artist David Hockney. Saltaire is the name of a Victorian era Model village in the City of Bradford, West Yorkshire, England, by the River Aire
- Peter getting out of Nick's pool (1966)
- New Yorker discussion of Hockney's suggestion that the Old Masters used optical devices to aid drawing
- Hockney leads smoking ban protest BBC article.
- Jonathan Jones, Cooler than Warhol, more enduring than Freud (Interview), The Guardian, 8 September 2006
- A A Gill, The Turner Surprise: David Hockney on Turner, The Times, 17 June 2007
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