David HaLevi Segal (Hebrew: דוד הלוי סגל) (c. 1586 - 1667), also known as the Taz (Hebrew: ט"ז) or the Turei Zahav, was a prominent Polish halakhic authority and author of a significant commentary on the Shulchan Aruch. The history of the Jews in Poland dates back over a Millennium. Halakha ( הלכה; alternative transliterations include Halocho and Halacha) is the collective body of Jewish Religious law The Shulchan Aruch (שולחן ערוך literally " Set Table " (also Shulhan Aruch or Shulchan Arukh) is a Codification
Biography
Born in Ludmir, Volhynia, Segal was the son of Samuel HaLevi Segal. Volodymyr-Volynskyi or Vladimir-Volynsky (Володимир-Волинський translit His chief Torah teacher was his older brother, Isaac. term " Torah " ( Hebrew: תּוֹרָה "teaching" or "instruction" sometimes translated as "Law" most commonly refers to He became a reputable Talmudic scholar, and married the daughter of Rabbi Joel Särkes of Brest, whom he frequently quoted in his works. The Talmud ( Hebrew: he תַּלְמוּד is a record of Rabbinic discussions pertaining to Jewish law, ethics, customs and history Yoel Sirkis, (1561-1640 also known as the Bach - an abbreviation of his magnum opus Bayit Chadash - was a prominent Jewish Posek and halakhist
After residing with his father-in-law and continuing his Torah studies for several years, Segal and his family moved to Cracow. Kraków, in English also spelled Krakow or Cracow (ˈkrækaʊ M-W: krăk'ou krāk'ō is one of the largest and oldest cities in Poland He was then appointed chief rabbi of Potlitsha, near Rava, where he lived in great poverty. Rava-Ruska (Рава-Руська translit Rava-Rus'ka; Rawa Ruska ראווע Rave is a City in the Lviv Oblast of western Ukraine Later he went to Posen, where he remained for several years.
Around 1641 he became Rav of the old community of Ostrog, or Ostroh, in Volhynia. There Segal established a famous yeshiva, and was soon recognized as one of the great halakhic authorities of his time. Yeshiva or yeshivah (jəʃi'və ( Hebrew: ישיבה "sitting (n Halakha ( הלכה; alternative transliterations include Halocho and Halacha) is the collective body of Jewish Religious law In Ostrog, Segal wrote a commentary on Joseph Caro's Shulchan Aruch (Yoreh De'ah), which he published in Lublin in 1646. Yosef ben Ephraim Caro (sometimes Joseph Caro) (1488 ( Portugal) - March 24, 1575 ( Safed, Ottoman Empire) was one of the The Shulchan Aruch (שולחן ערוך literally " Set Table " (also Shulhan Aruch or Shulchan Arukh) is a Codification Yoreh De'ah is a section of Rabbi Jacob ben Asher 's compilation of Halakha (Jewish law Arba'ah Turim. Lublin is the largest city in eastern Poland and the capital of Lublin Voivodeship with a population of 355954 This commentary, known as the Turei Zahav ("Rows of Gold"), was accepted as one of the highest authorities on Jewish law. Thereafter, Segal became known by the acronym of his work, the TaZ. Acronyms, initialisms, and alphabetisms are Abbreviations that are formed using the initial components in a phrase or name
Two years after the publication of his commentary, Segal and his family had to flee the massacres of the Cossack insurrection under Bogdan Chmielnicki in 1648-1649. The Cossacks (Каза́ки́ Kazaki; Козаки́ Kozaki; Kozacy are a group of martial people living in the southern Steppe regions of Eastern Bohdan Zynovii Mykhailovych Khmel'nyts'kyi (Богдан Зиновій Михайлович Хмельницький commonly transliterated as Khmelnytsky; known in Segal went to Steinitz near Ostrau, Moravia, where he remained for some time. Ostrau may refer to the following places Ostrau Saxony, a municipality in the district of Döbeln Saxony Germany Ostrau Saxony-Anhalt Moravia (Morava; Morawy Moravie Moravia is a historical region in central Europe in the east of the Czech Republic, one of the former Czech lands. Not happy in Moravia, he returned to Poland as soon as order was restored, settling in Lemberg, where he remained for the rest of his life. Lviv ( Ukrainian: Львів, L’viv, Lwów Lemberg Львов L'vov; see also other names) is a major city in western
In Lemberg, Segal was appointed Av Beit Din (head of the rabbinical court). Av Beit Din, Av Beis Din, or Av Beth Din (אב בית דין "Chief of the Court" When Rabbi Meïr Sack, chief rabbi of Lemberg, died in 1653, he succeeded him in this position as well.
Segal's last days were saddened by the death of his two sons, Mordechai and Solomon, who were killed in the riots occurring in Lemberg in the spring of 1664. His wife had died long before; now Segal married the widow of her brother, Samuel Hirz, Rav of Pinczow. Pińczów is a town in Poland, in Świętokrzyskie Voivodship, about 40 km south of Kielce. His third son from his first marriage, Isaiah, and his stepson, Aryeh Löb, were the two Polish scholars who were sent — probably by Segal, or at least with his consent — to Turkey in 1666 to investigate the claims of the pseudo-Messiah, Shabbetai Tzvi. Turkey (Türkiye known officially as the Republic of Turkey ( is a Eurasian Country that stretches Messiah ( משיח; mashiah, moshiah, mashiach, or moshiach, ("anointed " is a term used in the Hebrew Bible Sabbatai Zevi, ( (other spellings include Sabetay in Turkish, Shabbethai, Sabbetai, Shabbsai; Zvi; Sabbetai The two returned with a present for Segal from Shabbetai Tzvi — a white silk robe, along with a letter in which the latter promised to avenge the wrongs of the Jews of Poland.
Segal's descendants were the Russian rabbinical family Paltrowitch, which produced 33 rabbis over several generations. Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending
Works
Most of Segal's works were published long after his death. The Turei Zahav (טורי זהב - "Rows of Gold"), an indispensable commentary on Shulchan Aruch (Orach Chayim), was published by Shabbethai Bass in Dyhernfurth in 1692, together with the Magen Abraham by Abraham Abele Gumbiner. The Shulchan Aruch (שולחן ערוך literally " Set Table " (also Shulhan Aruch or Shulchan Arukh) is a Codification Shabbethai ben Joseph Bass (1641-1718 ( Hebrew: שבתי בן יוסף) born at Kalisz, was the father of Jewish bibliography and author of the Sifsei Brzeg Dolny (until 1945 Dyhernfurth is a town in Wołów County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship in south-western Poland. Abraham Abele Gombiner (c1633-c1683 ( Hebrew: אברהם לוי אבלה הומבינר) known as the Magen Avraham, born in Gąbin (Gombin The title Turei Zahav is a play on the similar-sounding turei zahav (תורי זהב), "towers of gold", in Song of Songs 1:11. The title is abbreviated as Taz (ט"ז), and subtitled Magen David ("Shield of David", after Segal's first name) in many editions. Both commentaries (Taz and Magen Abraham), together with the main text, the Shulchan Aruch, were republished frequently with several other commentaries, and still hold first rank among halakhic authorities.
Two years before the publication of this work, Judel of Kovli, in Volhynia, a kabbalist and Talmudic scholar who wrote a commentary on Orach Chaim, gave money to have it published together with the Taz. Kabbalah (קַבָּלָה lit "receiving" is a discipline and school of thought discussing the mystical aspect of Judaism. His wishes were never carried out, and his money was used to publish another of Segal's works, Divrei David ("The Words of David"), a supercommentary on Rashi (Dyhernfurth, 1690). For the astrological concept see Rāshi (Jyotiṣa. Rabbi Shlomo Yitzhaki, (רבי שלמה יצחקי better known by the acronym Rashi Part of the Taz on Shulchan Aruch (Chosen Mishpat, to ch. ccxcvi), appeared separately in Hamburg in the same year, with notes by Tzvi Ashkenazi. Rabbi Tzvi Hirsch ben Yaakov Ashkenazi (1656 Moravia (most likely Velké Meziříčí) - May 2 1718 Lviv) ( צבי הירש בן יעקב The other half, in spite of various attempts and general demand, did not appear until about seventy years later (Berlin, 1761). Year 1761 ( MDCCLXI) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a The Taz on Shulchan Aruch (Eben ha-Ezer), which was utilized in manuscript by Samuel ben Phoebus, the author of Bet Shemuel on the same part of the Shulchan Aruch, was first printed in Zolkiev in 1754. Samuel ben Uri Shraga Phoebus (alternatively "Or Sharga" "Faivish" "Fayvish" "Faibesh" etc Zhovkva (Жовква Żółkiew Zholkva is a City in the Lviv Oblast ( province) of western Ukraine. Year 1754 ( MDCCLIV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or
Segal also authored responsa which, though sometimes quoted from the manuscripts, were never published. He and Shabbethai Kohen (the ShaK) are the greatest halakhic authorities among the Acharonim; their decisions are of greater importance than those of Joseph Caro or of the Rema. Shabbatai ben Meir ha-Kohen (1621-1662 was a noted 17th Century Talmudist and Halakhist. Yosef ben Ephraim Caro (sometimes Joseph Caro) (1488 ( Portugal) - March 24, 1575 ( Safed, Ottoman Empire) was one of the Moses Isserles is commonly known as "the Rema" ( Hebrew: רמ"א In 1683, the Council of Four Lands declared that the authority of the Taz should be considered greater than that of the ShaK, but later the ShaK gained more and more in authority. The Council of Four Lands ( Va'ad Arba' Aratzot) in Lublin, Poland was the central body of Jewish authority in Poland from 1580 to 1764
References
- This article incorporates text from the 1901–1906 Jewish Encyclopedia, a publication now in the public domain. The Jewish Encyclopedia was an Encyclopedia originally published between 1901 and 1906 by Funk and Wagnalls. The public domain is a range of abstract materials &ndash commonly referred to as Intellectual property &ndash which are not owned or controlled by anyone
- Short biography at Chabad.org
Dapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic