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Donald David Guard
Birth name Donald David Guard
Born October 19, 1934
Died March 22, 1991
Genre(s) Folk, neo-Folk
World music
Years active 1955–1991
Label(s) Capitol

Dave Guard  (19 October 1934 - 22 March 1991), was an American folk singer, songwriter, arranger and recording artist. Events 202 BCE - The Battle of Zama results in the defeat of Carthage and Hannibal. Year 1934 ( MCMXXXIV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display full 1934 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 238 - Gordian I and his son Gordian II are proclaimed Roman emperor. Year 1991 ( MCMXCI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar. A music genre is a categorical and typological construct that identifies musical sounds as belonging to a particular category and type of music that can be distinguished from other Folk music can have a number of different meanings including Traditional music: The original meaning of the term "folk music" was synonymous The term world music includes Traditional music (sometimes called Folk music or roots music of any culture that are created and played by indigenous musicians Year 1955 ( MCMLV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays the 1955 Gregorian calendar) Year 1991 ( MCMXCI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar. In the Music industry, a record label can be a Brand and a Trademark associated with the Marketing of music recordings and Music Capitol Records is a major United States -based Record label owned by EMI and located in Hollywood California and New York City as Events 202 BCE - The Battle of Zama results in the defeat of Carthage and Hannibal. Year 1934 ( MCMXXXIV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display full 1934 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 238 - Gordian I and his son Gordian II are proclaimed Roman emperor. Year 1991 ( MCMXCI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar. Along with Nick Reynolds and Bob Shane, he was one of the original founding members of The Kingston Trio. The Kingston Trio is an American folk and Pop music group that helped launch the folk revival of the late 1950s to early 1960s

Guard was educated in Honolulu at Punahou School in what was then the pre-statehood U. Honolulu is the Capital and most populous Census-designated place (CDP in the U Punahou School, once known as Oahu College, is a private Co-educational, Nonsectarian College preparatory school located in Honolulu S. Territory of Hawaii.  Upon completing of his final year of high school in 1952 at Menlo School, a private prep school in Menlo Park, California, he matriculated at nearby Stanford University, graduating in 1957 with a degree in Economics. Menlo School, known widely as Menlo is an independent private College preparatory school in Atherton, California, USA. Leland Stanford Junior University, commonly known as Stanford University or simply Stanford, is a private Research university located in While at Stanford Guard pledged to and was a brother in the national Greek social fraternity Sigma Nu. ΣΝ (Sigma Nu is an undergraduate College fraternity with chapters in the United States and Canada

While an undergraduate at Stanford, Guard started a pickup group with Nick Reynolds and Bob Shane. A pickup group (also called a pickup band, pickup orchestra, or jobbing band) is a term used to describe a group of Musicians that are hired to Nick Reynolds (July 27 1933 San Diego, California - October 1 2008 San Diego California was an american folk musician and recording artist Bob Shane (born Robert Castle Schoen 1 February 1934, in Hilo, Hawaii) is an American Singer and Guitarist  Guard called his group Dave Guard and the Calypsonians [1], with a Weavers-style signature sound that was principally two guitars, a banjo, and rollicking vocals. A calypsonian is a Musician, usually from Trinidad, who has studied calypso and memorised its traditional tunes and stanzas  Guard kept the group together after Reynolds and Shane left, changing the name of the Calypsonians to The Kingston Quartet.  Then in 1957, when Reynolds and Shane agreed to team up with Guard again, he changed the name of the Kingston Quartet to The Kingston Trio.  Under contract with Capitol Records, Guard's Trio became a huge, amazingly successful commercial success. Capitol Records is a major United States -based Record label owned by EMI and located in Hollywood California and New York City as

Guard is considered to be a very important figure of the folk music scene of both the 1950s and 1960s. Folk music can have a number of different meanings including Traditional music: The original meaning of the term "folk music" was synonymous The 1950s Decade refers to the years of 1950 to 1959 inclusive The 1960s decade refers to the years from the beginning of 1960 to the end of 1969  The Kingston Trio is credited with creating and popularizing eclectic folk and neo-folk music, a form that is now being called "world music". Neofolk is a form of Folk music -inspired experimental music that emerged from post-industrial music circles The term world music includes Traditional music (sometimes called Folk music or roots music of any culture that are created and played by indigenous musicians


Contents

Early life, family,and education

Guard spent his early years first in San Francisco, and then his junior high school and high school years in Honolulu, Territory of Hawaii.  Living close to the beaches and the night life of the city's Waikiki section, Guard grew up hearing the soft vocal melodies and strummed guitars of Hawaiian music. The music of Hawaii includes an array of traditional and popular styles ranging from native Hawaiian folk music to modern rock and hip hop.  Guard was particularly attracted to the unique rhythmic sounds of finger-picked slack-key ukulele and guitar music masterfully performed by the many of his "local boy" polyasian neighbors and beach boys, but virtually impossible for Dave and other haoles like him to master. Slack-key guitar is a fingerstyle genre of guitar music that originated in Hawai{{okina}}i. Haole, (pronounced How-leh in the Hawaiian language, means "foreign" or "foreigner" it can be used in reference to people, Plants

Guard attended Punahou School [2] during his junior high school and high school years. [3]  Hawaiian culture and music played an important part in his school's educational program.  Along with all his other classmates [4] Guard early on learned to play Hawaii's ubiquitous ukulele in a 7th grade junior high school music class required of all students.  It was in that class that Punahou's young 7th graders like Guard (and his future Kingston Trio partner-to-be Bob Shane) learned the basics of playing the ukulele. Bob Shane (born Robert Castle Schoen 1 February 1934, in Hilo, Hawaii) is an American Singer and Guitarist  The fingerboard and frets, tuning to GCEA ("My Dog Has Fleas"), basic C-chords, and simple strumming were all part of the school's required ukulele music program.  It is very possible that the ukulele was Guard's initial introduction to stringed instruments, from which he went on to become an accomplished musician playing the acoustic guitar, 12-string guitar, banjo, mandolin, and the other instruments that were fundamental to what eventually became recognized as "The Kingston Trio sound". [5]

Guard was an all-around good student, participated in sports, and was a member of Punahou's ROTC battalion. In his junior year he participated in musical skits along with a number of other classmates who, like himself, had by that time also had become accomplished musicians.  Guard left Punahou at the end of his junior year, completing his final year of high school at Menlo School[6], a private prep school that helped him prepare for acceptance and matriculation at nearby Stanford University.

Professional life and accomplishments (1955 - 1961)

When Shane left the Calypsonians and returned to Hawaii to work in his family's business. Guard added two additional members, bassist Joe Gannon and vocalist Barbara Bogue making the Calypsonians a quartet. Joe Gannon is a Philadelphia native recording producer director musical stage lighting and production designer  Later, when Reynolds also left the Calypsonians, Guard replaced him with Don McArthur to keep the quartet format intact, but by that time the national interest in calypso rhythms was waning while Guard's musical growth was reaching out from calypso as well.  Still appreciating Caribbean rhythms and vocals, but given his more eclectic folk music interests, Guard changed the name of the four Calypsonians to The Kingston Quartet. Eclecticism is used to describe the combination in a single work of elements from different historical styles A calypsonian is a Musician, usually from Trinidad, who has studied calypso and memorised its traditional tunes and stanzas

The Kingston Trio

Main article: The Kingston Trio

In 1956 a publicist in the area, Frank Werber, offered his services to Guard and his bandmates. The Kingston Trio is an American folk and Pop music group that helped launch the folk revival of the late 1950s to early 1960s  Guard accepted Werber's offer, and shortly thereafter, McArthur, then Gannon and Bogue, left the Quartet.  Guard contacted his former Calypsonian members Reynolds and Shane asking them to form a group with him again, which they readily agreed to do.  In 1957, back again as a trio as in their previous college days, the group changed its name to The Kingston Trio.

With material gathered from a variety of sources, under Guard's musical arrangements and direction, the Kingston Trio quickly became a success.  Guard, Shane and Reynolds worked well together. In addition to developing the characteristic "Kingston Trio sound" of the group's two guitars and a banjo, success came to the group from Guard's musical arrangements and renditions of folk and Irish ballads, Shane's talent for style, performance, and his innate knowledge of what pleased audiences, and with Reynold's taking on the management of the group's logistics.

The Kingston Trio with Guard recorded for Capitol Records; subsequent iterations of the group managed first by Werber and Shane and later by Shane alone recorded for Decca Records, Folk Era, Silverwolf, Pair, Collector's Choice Music, CEMA, and MCA, and had many hit songs in its initial ten year run. Capitol Records is a major United States -based Record label owned by EMI and located in Hollywood California and New York City as Decca Records is a British Record label established in 1929 by Edward Lewis. MCA Inc (or Music Corporation of America) was an American Corporation in the music and television businesses In Popular music, a chart-topper is an extremely popular recording, identified by its inclusion in a ranked list&mdasha Chart &mdashof top A song is a Musical composition. Songs contain vocal parts that are performed 'sung' and generally feature Words ( Lyrics) commonly followed  The Kingston Trio's many songs include "Tom Dooley," "A Worried Man," "Hard Travelin'," "Tijuana Jail," "Reverend Mr. Tom Dooley or Thomas Dooley may refer to Tom Dooley (humanitarian (1927-1961 American humanitarian who worked in Laos and Vietnam Black," "Sloop John B. ," "Scotch And Soda," "Merry Minuet," "Hard, Ain't It Hard," "Zombie Jamboree", "M.T.A.", "Three Jolly Coachmen," and "Raspberries, Strawberries. Jumbie Jamberee is a calypso song written by Lord Intruder (Winston O'Conner "MTA", often called "The MTA Song", is a 1948 song written as "Charley on the MTA" by Jacqueline Steiner and "

Guard's break with the Trio

But Guard began to realize that pleasing audiences with the Kingston Trio sound combined with rollicking lyrics and stage banter was becoming a rigid, unchanging, but highly successful format.  So much so that imitators of the Trio format were springing up all over the place.  Guard was also aware that among the three he was the only one who could read music and who had some understanding of music theory; his partners basically played by rote, and the three of them sang in what could only be called "barroom harmony".  With help from the Trio's bassist and musicologist 'Buck' Wheat, Guard embarked on another one of his self-education programs in learning more about harmony, and becoming more and more disenchanted with what appeared to him to be a lack of willingness or effort to "improve" on the part of his partners.

By late 1960 Guard's frustration and discontent with his partners, combined with an alleged embezzlement of the group's finances, had reached a point where he no longer wanted to work with Reynolds and Shane. Giving his partners notice that he intended to leave the Trio, and unwilling to cause the group he had founded to disband, Guard agreed to stay on with the Trio until his personal commitments were completed, and until Shane and Reynolds were able to find a suitable replacement for him.  By early 1961 Shane and Reynolds had found a replacement for Guard, [7]; and after a reportedly acrimonious meeting with Shane, Reynolds, and the Trio's business manager [8] over the future of the Trio, Guard quit the group. [9]  The Trio continued to perform for five years as the Kingston Trio before disbanding in 1967, with John Stewart taking Guard's place.

Post "Trio" accomplishments (1961-1978)

The Whiskeyhill Singers

In 1961, shortly after leaving the Trio, Guard formed a new group, The Whiskeyhill Singers, with Judy Henske, Cyrus Faryar, and Kingston Trio bassist David "Buck" Wheat. The Whiskeyhill Singers were formed in early 1961 by Dave Guard as a spin-off from Guard's Kingston Trio. Judy Henske (born 20 December 1936 Chippewa Falls, Wisconsin) is an American singer and songwriter once known as "the Queen of the Beatniks " Cyrus Faryar is an American Folk musician, songwriter and record producer David "Buck" Wheat (1922-1985 American folk and jazz musician songwriter and recording artist They toured and released an album and were asked to perform several folk songs on the Academy Award winning soundtrack of "How the West Was Won". Their strong sound voices can be heard on The Erie Canal, 900 miles, The Ox Driver, Raise A Ruckus Tonight. Guard performed solo on the tracks Wanderin' and Poor Wayfarin' Stranger, very soulful and tender.

The Singer's new group broke up in 1962, after recording one album for the Capitol record label and a second that was never released. An album or record album is a collection of related audio or Music tracks distributed to the public In the Music industry, a record label can be a Brand and a Trademark associated with the Marketing of music recordings and Music  After the breakup of his group, Guard did a final, solo album, Up & In, which received mixed reviews.  Over the years Guard worked with a number of people, including Henske, Faryar, Tim Buckley, and David White. Timothy Charles Buckley III (February 14 1947 – June 29 1975 was an experimental Vocalist and Musician who incorporated Jazz, Psychedelia David White or Dave White can refer to a number of people David Vines White, English Officer of Arms

Dave's Place

In late 1962 Guard moved with his family to Sydney, Australia. Sydney (ˈsɪdniː is the most populous city in Australia, with a Metropolitan area population of approximately 4  There he hosted a national TV variety show called Dave's Place. Television ( TV) is a widely used Telecommunication medium for sending ( Broadcasting) and receiving moving Images, either monochromatic A variety show or variety entertainment is an entertainment made up of a variety of acts especially Musical performances and Comedy Skits and Dave's Place was a national Australian weekly musical variety television show starring Dave Guard, formerly of The Kingston Trio and The Whiskeyhill Singers  Until his return to the United States in 1968, Guard also gave guitar lessons and, with the help of his wife Gretchen, wrote a book, Colour Guitar, describing a unique guitar teaching method relating music theory to a 12-valued chain of chords with color. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the [10].  Guard's relationship with the Trio remained strained while he was in Australia.  According to Guard, while he was in Australia Reynolds and Shane never contacted him, and he never heard any of their albums. [11]

In 1967 Guard sold his 24% interest in the Kingston Trio to Shane, giving Shane the right to call his group The Kingston Trio.  Following his return from Australia 1968 and his wife's 1970 graduation from Stanford with a degree in Art, Guard and his wife collaborated in researching, writing, and publishing a book on the ancient Irish folk tale Deirdre of the Sorrows, followed by a second book about a 400-year old Hawaiian folk tale. Deirdre or Derdriu is the foremost tragic heroine in Irish mythology. [12]

Pure Gabby

After the breakup of the Singers in 1961 Guard had returned to Hawaii.  Always a folk music eclectic, Guard attempted to publicize the slack-key sounds of Hawaiian folk guitar. Slack-key guitar is a fingerstyle genre of guitar music that originated in Hawai{{okina}}i.   Guard worked closely in Honolulu with slack key guitar icon Gabby Pahinui to record and produce Pure Gabby, an album of classic Hawaiian melodies played with slack key tunings. Charles Philip "Gabby" or "Pops" Pahinui ( April 22, 1921 - October 13, 1980) was a Slack-key guitarist Gabby  Guard tried to interest major record companies with Pure Gabby, but met with little interest, and Guard shelved the project.  In 1978, ten years after his return from Australia, at the urging of Singer colleague Cyrus Faryar who had heard Guard's Pure Gabby tapes, Guard contacted Hula Records of Honolulu about Pure Gabby, who quickly agreed to take the recordings and distribute the album. Honolulu is the Capital and most populous Census-designated place (CDP in the U [13]

The Mystery Years (1978 - 1990)

Guard dropped out of the public eye in the years between 1978 and 1990.  Little is known about his activities during that time, giving rise to the term "the mystery years" of Guard's life.  What is known, however, is that in addition to writing and recording, Guard also found time to produce the video Workout for Equestrians with Ingrid Gsottschneider for Golden Arrow Enterprises [14]

During the '80's Guard continued to make solo performances, along with several "reunions" of the old Kingston Trio. He also remarried during this time, and lived with his wife in Los Altos California.

Dave's Final Years

Guard had contracted lymphatic cancer sometime after he moved to Rollinsford, New Hampshire. Lymphoma a type of Neoplasm that originates in Lymphocytes (a type of White blood cell in the vertebrate Immune system) Rollinsford is a town in Strafford County, New Hampshire, United States.  In failing health, on March 22, 1991, at age 56, he finally succumbed to the debilitating effects of the cancer.  His passing was noted and memorialized by the many good friends he had made and those he had helped both in and outside of the music industry during the ensuing years. In 2000 The Kingston Trio was inducted into the Vocal Group Hall of Fame. The Vocal Group Hall of Fame was organized to honor what they term "the Greatest Vocal Groups in the World"

He was survived by his former wife Gretchen, their children, Sally, Catherine and Tom, and Guard's mother, Marjorie. [15]

Discography

Dave Guard & The Calyposonians

The Kingston Trio

...from the Hungry i, 1959
. Events January 5 - Renato Carosone and his band start their American tour in Cuba. Events January 5 - Renato Carosone and his band start their American tour in Cuba. . . from the Hungry i, 1959
At Large, 1959
At Large, 1959

Top 40 Hit Singles

The Whiskeyhill Singers

A scene from How the West Was Won
A scene from How the West Was Won

. Events 1959 (date unknown Jimi Hendrix buys first Electric guitar: a White Single pickup Supro Ozark 1560 S. Events 1959 (date unknown Jimi Hendrix buys first Electric guitar: a White Single pickup Supro Ozark 1560 S. Events January 14 - Elvis Presley is promoted to Sergeant in the U Events January 14 - Elvis Presley is promoted to Sergeant in the U Events January 1 - The Beatles and Brian Poole and the Tremeloes both audition at Decca Records, a company which has the option Events January 1 - The Beatles start a 5 day tour in Scotland to support the release of their new single "Love Me Do" See also 1995 in music (UK Musical groups established in 1995 Record

Dave's Place Group

Solo career

Arranger

Original Songs Composed With Jane Bowers

External links

References

  1. ^ Quite often associated with Trinidadian music styles and singers, the term "calypsonian" is much broader, and more often is used to describe Trinidadian political activities
  2. ^ A private school established in 1849 by Hawaii's New England missionary families.
  3. ^ at that time Punahou School was organized as an elementary school, a Junior Academy (grades 7 through 9), and a Senior Academy (grades 10 through 12).  Each of the two lower subdivisions had classrooms in their own separate buildings, while the Senior Academy students had classes in several buildings on the sprawling Punahou campus.
  4. ^ Including Bob Shane
  5. ^ The ukulele class clearly made an impact on Guard's classmate Bob Shane, who during the next four years progressed steadily from the 4-string ukulele to the less toy-like and more professional appearing baritone uke, on to the tenor guitar, and finally to the 6-string acoustic guitar. Bob Shane (born Robert Castle Schoen 1 February 1934, in Hilo, Hawaii) is an American Singer and Guitarist
  6. ^ Menlo Park, California
  7. ^ John Stewart
  8. ^ Frank Werber
  9. ^ In Frank Shane's (no relation to Bob Shane) "Coffee House", at http://www.folkmusicarchives.org/coffeehse.htm
  10. ^ Mildred Hamilton, San Francisco Sundary Examiner and Chronicle, February 19, 1978
  11. ^ from "Kingston Trio on Record", as reprinted in Popular Folk Music Today, Spring 1991.
  12. ^ Hale-Mano: A Legend of Old Hawai'i
  13. ^ Pure Gabby liner notes: A from the producer on how this record came to be.
  14. ^ Bruce Eder, How The West Was Won (soundtrack) liner notes.
  15. ^ Punahou School class of 1952 50th reunion classmate biographies.
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