Dauphin of France - Citizendia

For other uses, see Dauphin (disambiguation).

Coat of Arms of the Dauphins of France.

The Dauphin of France (French:Dauphin de France)—strictly, Dauphin of Viennois (Dauphin de Viennois)—was the title given to the heir apparent of the throne of France from 1350 to 1791, and from 1824 to 1830. French ( français,) is a Romance language spoken around the world by 118 million people as a native language and by about 180 to 260 million people An heir apparent is an Heir who (short of a fundamental change in the situation cannot be displaced from inheriting the term is used in contrast to Heir presumptive This article is about royal thrones for the order of Angels by the same name see Thrones. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics.

Arms of the Dauphiné

Guy VIII, Count of Vienne, had a dolphin on his coat of arms and had been nicknamed le Dauphin (French for dolphin). Vienne is a commune in east central France, located 20 miles south of Lyon, on the Rhône River. Dolphins are Marine mammals that are closely related to Whales and Porpoises There are almost forty species of dolphin in seventeen genera. A coat of arms or armorial bearings (often just arms for short in European tradition is a design belonging to a particular person (or group of people French ( français,) is a Romance language spoken around the world by 118 million people as a native language and by about 180 to 260 million people The title of Dauphin de Viennois descended in his family until 1349, when Humbert II sold his seigneurie, called the Dauphiné, to King Philippe VI on condition that the heir of France assumed the title of le Dauphin. The Counts of Albon ( Comtes d'Albon) were minor French nobles in south-eastern France in the Rhône Alps region This article is about the medieval system "Manors" redirects here The Dauphiné or Dauphiné Viennois is a former province in southeastern France, roughly corresponding to the present departments ' of the Philip VI (1293 &ndash 22 August 1350) known as the Fortunate ( French: le Fortuné) and of Valois, was the The wife of the Dauphin was known as la Dauphine.

The first French prince called le Dauphin was Charles V. Charles V ( 21 January 1338 – 16 September 1380) called the Wise, was King of France from 1364 to his death and a member The title is roughly equivalent to the English title Prince of Wales. Prince of Wales (Tywysog Cymru is a title traditionally granted to the Heir Apparent to the reigning monarch of the United Kingdom (and formerly the Kingdom The official style of a Dauphin of France, prior to 1461, was par la grâce de Dieu, dauphin de Viennois, comte de Valentinois et de Diois ("By the Grace of God, Dauphin of Viennois, Count of Valentinois and of Diois"). A Dauphin of France would unite the coat of arms of the Dauphiné, which featured Dolphins, with the French fleurs-de-lys, and might where appropriate further unite that with other arms (e. g. François, son and Dauphin of Francis I, was ruling Duke of Brittany, so united the coat of arms of that province with the typical arms of a Dauphin of France; Francis II, whilst Dauphin, was also King of Scotland by marriage, and so added those arms to those of the Dauphin of France). Francis I (September 12 1494 &ndash March 31 1547 was crowned King of France in 1515 in the cathedral at Reims and reigned until 1547 Francis II (François II (19 January 1544 &ndash 5 December 1560 King-consort of Scotland (1558&ndash1560 and King of France (1559 &ndash 1560 was born

Louis de France, nicknamed Le Grand Dauphin.

Originally, the Dauphin was personally responsible for the rule of the Dauphiné, which was legally part of the Holy Roman Empire, and which the Emperors, in gifting the rule of the province to the French heirs, had stipulated must never be united with France. The Holy Roman Empire ( HRE; German Heiliges Römisches Reich (HRR, Latin Sacrum Romanum Imperium (SRI was a union of territories in Because of this, the Dauphiné suffered from anarchy in the 14th and 15th centuries (since the Dauphins of France were frequently minors, or concerned with other matters).

Arms of Francis II as Dauphin and King-consort of Scotland. Francis II (François II (19 January 1544 &ndash 5 December 1560 King-consort of Scotland (1558&ndash1560 and King of France (1559 &ndash 1560 was born

The province was united with France by Louis XI. Louis XI ( July 3, 1423 – August 30, 1483) called the Prudent (le Prudent and the Universal Spider ( Middle During his period as Dauphin, Louis defied his father, Charles VII, by remaining in the province longer than the King had permitted and by engaging in personal politics more beneficial to the Dauphiné than to France. Charles VII (22 February 1403 – 22 July 1461 called the Victorious (le Victorieux or the Well-Served (le Bien-Servi was King of France from 1422 For example, Louis married Charlotte of Savoy against his father's wishes. Charlotte de Savoie ( 1443 - December 1, 1483) was the second wife and only Queen consort of Louis XI of France. Savoy was a traditional ally of the Dauphiné, and Louis wished to reaffirm that alliance, so as to stamp out rebels and robbers in the province. Louis was driven out of the Dauphiné by Charles VII's soldiers in 1456, leaving the region to fall back into disorder. After his succession in 1461, Louis united the Dauphiné with France, bringing it permanently under royal control.

The title of Dauphin was automatically conferred upon the next heir apparent in the direct line upon birth, accession of the parent to the throne, or death of the previous Dauphin, unlike the English title Prince of Wales; which was (and is) granted at the will of the monarch, rather than as an automatic right at birth.

The title was abolished by the Constitution of 1791, which made France a constitutional monarchy. The short-lived French Constitution of 1791 was the first written Constitution of France. Under the constitution, the heir to the throne (Dauphin Louis-Charles at that time) was restyled as Prince Royal (a Prince of the Blood would be retitled as prince français), taking effect from the inception of the Legislative Assembly on 1 October 1791. Louis XVII of France, also Louis VI of Navarre ( Versailles March 27 1785 – Paris June 8 1795) from birth Events 331 BC - Alexander the Great defeats Darius III of Persia in the Battle of Gaugamela. Year 1791 ( MDCCXCI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The title was restored in potentia under the Bourbon Restoration of Louis XVIII; there was not, however, another Dauphin until his death. Following the ousting of Napoleon I of France in 1814 the Allies restored the Bourbon Dynasty to the French throne Louis XVIII (17 November 1755 – 16 September 1824 Louis Stanislas Xavier de France, was a King of France and Navarre. With the accession of his brother Charles X, Charles' son and heir, Louis-Antoine, Duke of Angoulême, automatically became Dauphin. Charles X (9 October 1757 – 6 November 1836 ruled as King of France and Navarre from 20 May 1824 until the French Revolution of 1830, when he abdicated Louis-Antoine of France Dauphin of France and Duke of Angoulême (born Louis-Antoine of Artois; August 6, 1775 – June 3, 1844) However, with the removal of the Bourbons, the title fell once again into disuse (the heirs of Louis-Philippe being titled as Prince Royal). The House of Bourbon is an important European Royal house, a branch of the Capetian dynasty. Louis Philippe ( 6 October 1773 &ndash 26 August 1850) was King of the French from 1830 to 1848 in what was known as the After the death of Henri, comte de Chambord, Carlos, Duke of Madrid, the heir of the legitimist claimant, Juan, Count of Montizón, made use of the title in pretense, as have the Spanish legitimist claimants since. Henri V of France and Navarre ( Henri Charles Ferdinand Marie Dieudonné d'Artois de France – September 29, 1820 – August 24, 1883 Infante Carlos María de los Dolores Juan Isidro José Francisco Quirin Antonio Miguel Gabriel Rafael de Borbón y Austria-Este Duke of Madrid ( March 30 1848 Legitimists are Royalists in France who believe that the King of France and Navarre must be chosen according to the simple application of the Youth and marriage Juan was born at the Palacio Real de Aranjuez, the younger son of the Infante Carlos of Spain, brother of King Ferdinand VII A pretender is a claimant to an abolished throne or to a throne already occupied by somebody else

List of Dauphins of France

Picture	Name	Heir of	Birth	Became Dauphin	Ceased to be Dauphin	Death	Other Titles before/whilst Dauphin	Regnal Name	Dauphine
	Charles, 1st Dauphin of France	John II	21 January 1338	22 August 1350	8 April 1364 became King	16 September 1380	Duke of Normandy	Charles V	Joanna of Bourbon
	John, 2nd Dauphin of France	Charles V	7 June 1366		21 December 1366			–	–
	Charles, 3rd Dauphin of France	Charles V	3 December 1368		16 September 1380 became King	21 October 1422		Charles VI	–
	Charles, 4th Dauphin of France	Charles VI	26 September 1386		28 December 1386			–	–
	Charles, 5th Dauphin of France	Charles VI	6 February 1392		13 January 1401		Duke of Guyenne	–	–
	Louis, 6th Dauphin of France	Charles VI	22 January 1397	13 January 1401	18 December 1415		Duke of Guyenne	–	Margaret of Burgundy
	John, 7th Dauphin of France	Charles VI	31 August 1398	18 December 1415	5 April 1417		Duke of Touraine	–	Jacqueline of Hainaut
	Charles, 8th Dauphin of France	Charles VI	22 February 1403	5 April 1417	21 October 1422 became King	22 July 1461	Count of Ponthieu	Charles VII	–
	Louis, 9th Dauphin of France	Charles VII	3 July 1423		22 July 1461 became King	30 August 1483		Louis XI	Margaret of Scotland; Charlotte of Savoy
	François, 10th Dauphin of France	Louis XI	1466					–	–
	Charles, 11th Dauphin of France	Louis XI	30 June 1470		30 August 1483 became King	7 April 1498		Charles VIII	–
	Charles-Orland, 12th Dauphin of France	Charles VIII	11 October 1492		16 December 1495			–	–
	Charles, 13th Dauphin of France	Charles VIII	8 September 1496		2 October 1496			–	–
	François, 14th Dauphin of France	Charles VIII	July 1497					–	–
	François, 15th Dauphin of France	Francis I	28 September 1518		10 August 1536		Duke of Brittany	–	–
	Henry, 16th Dauphin of France	Francis I	31 March 1519	10 August 1536	31 March 1547 became King	10 July 1559	Duke of Orleans, Duke of Brittany	Henry II	Catherine de' Medici
	Francis, 17th Dauphin of France	Henry II	19 January 1544	31 March 1547	10 July 1559 became King	5 December 1560	King-consort of Scotland	Francis II	Mary of Scotland
	Louis, 18th Dauphin of France	Henry IV	27 September 1601		14 May 1610 became King	14 May 1643		Louis XIII	–
	Louis, 19th Dauphin of France	Louis XIII	5 September 1638		14 May 1643 became King	1 September 1715		Louis XIV	–
	Louis, le Grand Dauphin, 20th Dauphin of France	Louis XIV	1 November 1661		14 April 1711			–	Maria Anna of Bavaria
	Louis, 21st Dauphin of France	Louis XIV	16 August 1682	14 April 1711	18 February 1712		Duke of Burgundy	–	Marie-Adélaïde of Savoy
	Louis, 22nd Dauphin of France	Louis XIV	8 January 1707	18 February 1712	8 March 1712		Duke of Brittany	–	–
	Louis, 23rd Dauphin of France	Louis XIV	15 February 1710	8 March 1712	1 September 1715 became King	10 May 1774	Duke of Anjou	Louis XV	–
	Louis, 24th Dauphin of France	Louis XV	4 September 1729		20 December 1765			–	Maria Teresa Rafaela of Spain; Marie-Josèphe of Saxony
	Louis-Augustus, 25th Dauphin of France	Louis XV	23 August 1754	20 December 1765	10 May 1774 became King	21 January 1793	Duke of Berry	Louis XVI	Maria Antonia of Austria
	Louis-Joseph, 26th Dauphin of France	Louis XVI	22 October 1781		4 June 1789			–	–
	Louis-Charles, 27th Dauphin of France	Louis XVI	27 March 1785	4 June 1789	1 October 1791 retitled as Prince-royal	8 June 1795	Duke of Normandy	Louis XVII	–
	Louis-Antoine, 28th Dauphin of France	Charles X	6 August 1775	16 September 1824	2 August 1830 became King/deposed	3 June 1844	Duke of Angouleme	Louis XIX	Marie-Thérèse-Charlotte of France
Picture	Name	Heir of	Birth	Became Dauphin	Ceased to be Dauphin	Death	Other Titles whilst Dauphin	Regnal Name	Dauphine

In literature

A lineographic representation of the arms of the Dauphin of France. Charles V ( 21 January 1338 – 16 September 1380) called the Wise, was King of France from 1364 to his death and a member John II (16 April 1319 &ndash 8 April 1364 called John the Good (Jean le Bon was Count of Anjou, Count of Maine, and Duke of Normandy Events 1189 - Philip II of France and Richard I of England begin to assemble troops to wage the Third Crusade. Events 392 - Arbogast has Eugenius elected Western Roman Emperor. Events 217 - Roman Emperor Caracalla is Assassinated (and succeeded by his Praetorian Events 1400 - Owain Glyndŵr is declared Prince of Wales by his followers Duke of Normandy is a Title held or claimed by various Norman, French, English and British rulers from the 10th century until the Charles V ( 21 January 1338 – 16 September 1380) called the Wise, was King of France from 1364 to his death and a member Joanna of Bourbon (Jeanne de Bourbon Vincennes, February 3, 1338 &ndash Paris, February 6, 1378) was consort Charles V ( 21 January 1338 – 16 September 1380) called the Wise, was King of France from 1364 to his death and a member Events 1099 - The First Crusade: The Siege of Jerusalem begins Events 69 - The end of the Year of the four emperors: Following Galba, Otho and Vitellius, Vespasian Charles VI (3 December 1368 &ndash 21 October 1422 called the Well-loved (le Bien-Aimé and the Mad (French le Fol or le Fou) was the Charles V ( 21 January 1338 – 16 September 1380) called the Wise, was King of France from 1364 to his death and a member Events 1800 - War of the Second Coalition: Battle of Hohenlinden, French Events 1400 - Owain Glyndŵr is declared Prince of Wales by his followers Events 1512 - Martin Luther joins the theological faculty of the University of Wittenberg. Charles VI (3 December 1368 &ndash 21 October 1422 called the Well-loved (le Bien-Aimé and the Mad (French le Fol or le Fou) was the Charles VI (3 December 1368 &ndash 21 October 1422 called the Well-loved (le Bien-Aimé and the Mad (French le Fol or le Fou) was the Events 46 BC - Julius Caesar dedicates a Events 1065 - Westminster Abbey is Consecrated. 1308 - The reign of Emperor Hanazono, Emperor of Charles VI (3 December 1368 &ndash 21 October 1422 called the Well-loved (le Bien-Aimé and the Mad (French le Fol or le Fou) was the Events 46 BC - Julius Caesar defeats the combined army of Pompeian followers and Numidians under Metellus Scipio Events 532 - Nika riots in Constantinople. 888 - Odo Count of Paris becomes King of the Franks The Duke of Aquitaine ( French: Duc d'Aquitaine) ruled the historical region of Aquitaine under the supremacy of the Frankish and later the Charles VI (3 December 1368 &ndash 21 October 1422 called the Well-loved (le Bien-Aimé and the Mad (French le Fol or le Fou) was the Events 565 - Eutychius is deposed as Patriarch of Constantinople by John Scholasticus. Events 532 - Nika riots in Constantinople. 888 - Odo Count of Paris becomes King of the Franks Events 218 BC - Second Punic War: Battle of the Trebia - Hannibal 's Carthaginian forces defeat those of the The Duke of Aquitaine ( French: Duc d'Aquitaine) ruled the historical region of Aquitaine under the supremacy of the Frankish and later the Margaret of Burgundy (1393 &ndash 1441 was the daughter of John the Fearless, Duke of Burgundy, and Margaret of Bavaria. John Dauphin of France and Duke of Touraine ( August 31, 1398 &ndash April 5, 1417) was the fourth son and ninth child of Charles VI of Charles VI (3 December 1368 &ndash 21 October 1422 called the Well-loved (le Bien-Aimé and the Mad (French le Fol or le Fou) was the Events 1056 - Byzantine Empress Theodora becomes ill dying suddenly a few days later without children to succeed the Throne Events 218 BC - Second Punic War: Battle of the Trebia - Hannibal 's Carthaginian forces defeat those of the Events 456 - St Patrick returns to Ireland as a missionary bishop Touraine may also refer to Alain Touraine, French sociologist Jacqueline of Wittelsbach ( 16 August 1401 &ndash 8 October 1436, Dutch Jacoba van Beieren, French Jacqueline de Bavière Charles VII (22 February 1403 – 22 July 1461 called the Victorious (le Victorieux or the Well-Served (le Bien-Servi was King of France from 1422 Charles VI (3 December 1368 &ndash 21 October 1422 called the Well-loved (le Bien-Aimé and the Mad (French le Fol or le Fou) was the Events 1495 - King Charles VIII of France enters Naples to claim the city's throne Events 456 - St Patrick returns to Ireland as a missionary bishop Events 1512 - Martin Luther joins the theological faculty of the University of Wittenberg. Events 1099 - First Crusade: Godfrey of Bouillon is elected the first Defender of the Holy Sepulchre of The Kingdom of The County of Ponthieu was a province of Normandy centered on the mouth of the Somme, and its counts played an important role in the early history of Normandy Charles VII (22 February 1403 – 22 July 1461 called the Victorious (le Victorieux or the Well-Served (le Bien-Servi was King of France from 1422 Louis XI ( July 3, 1423 – August 30, 1483) called the Prudent (le Prudent and the Universal Spider ( Middle Charles VII (22 February 1403 – 22 July 1461 called the Victorious (le Victorieux or the Well-Served (le Bien-Servi was King of France from 1422 Events 324 - Battle of Adrianople Constantine I defeats Licinius, who flees to Byzantium. Events 1099 - First Crusade: Godfrey of Bouillon is elected the first Defender of the Holy Sepulchre of The Kingdom of Events 1363 - Beginning date of the Battle of Lake Poyang; the forces of two Chinese rebel leaders— Chen Youliang and Louis XI ( July 3, 1423 – August 30, 1483) called the Prudent (le Prudent and the Universal Spider ( Middle Margaret Stewart (Marguerite d'Écosse ( Perth, Scotland 1424 &ndash August 16 1445 in Châlons-sur-Marne, Marne, Charlotte de Savoie ( 1443 - December 1, 1483) was the second wife and only Queen consort of Louis XI of France. Louis XI ( July 3, 1423 – August 30, 1483) called the Prudent (le Prudent and the Universal Spider ( Middle Charles VIII, called the Affable (l'Affable 30 June 1470 &ndash 7 April 1498 was King of France from 1483 to his death Louis XI ( July 3, 1423 – August 30, 1483) called the Prudent (le Prudent and the Universal Spider ( Middle Events 350 - Roman usurper Nepotianus, of the Constantinian dynasty, is defeated and killed by troops of the Usurper Events 1363 - Beginning date of the Battle of Lake Poyang; the forces of two Chinese rebel leaders— Chen Youliang and Events 529 - First draft of Corpus Juris Civilis (a fundamental work in Jurisprudence) is issued by Eastern Roman Emperor Charles VIII, called the Affable (l'Affable 30 June 1470 &ndash 7 April 1498 was King of France from 1483 to his death Charles Orlando Dauphin of France (Charles Orland Dauphin de France ( 11 October 1492 &ndash 16 December 1495) was the eldest son and heir of Charles VIII, called the Affable (l'Affable 30 June 1470 &ndash 7 April 1498 was King of France from 1483 to his death Events 1138 - A massive earthquake struck Aleppo, Syria. 1531 - Huldrych Zwingli is killed Events 755 - An Lushan revolts against Chancellor Yang Guozhong at Fanyang, initiating the An Shi Rebellion Charles VIII, called the Affable (l'Affable 30 June 1470 &ndash 7 April 1498 was King of France from 1483 to his death Events 70 - Roman forces under Titus sack Jerusalem. 1264 - The Statute of Kalisz Events 1187 - Siege of Jerusalem: Saladin captures Jerusalem after 88 years of Crusader rule Charles VIII, called the Affable (l'Affable 30 June 1470 &ndash 7 April 1498 was King of France from 1483 to his death Events in July The traditional period known as "fence month" (the closed season for deer in England ended July 9 (date varied Francis I (September 12 1494 &ndash March 31 1547 was crowned King of France in 1515 in the cathedral at Reims and reigned until 1547 Events 48 BC - Pompey the Great is assassinated on orders of King Ptolemy of Egypt after landing in Egypt. Events 612 BC - Killing of Sinsharishkun, King of Assyrian Empire Henry II (Henri II (31 March 1519 &ndash 10 July 1559 of the House of Valois and the son and successor of Francis I, was King of France from 31 Francis I (September 12 1494 &ndash March 31 1547 was crowned King of France in 1515 in the cathedral at Reims and reigned until 1547 Events 307 - After divorcing his wife Minervina, Constantine marries Fausta, the daughter of the retired Roman Emperor Events 612 BC - Killing of Sinsharishkun, King of Assyrian Empire Events 307 - After divorcing his wife Minervina, Constantine marries Fausta, the daughter of the retired Roman Emperor Events 48 BC - Battle of Dyrrhachium, Julius Caesar barely avoids a catastrophic defeat to Pompey in Macedonia. Duke of Orléans (Duc d'Orléans is one of the most important titles in the French peerage, dating back at least to the 14th century Henry II (Henri II (31 March 1519 &ndash 10 July 1559 of the House of Valois and the son and successor of Francis I, was King of France from 31 Catherine de' Medici (April 13 1519 &ndash January 5 1589 was born in Florence, Italy as Caterina Maria Romula di Lorenzo de' Medici. Francis II (François II (19 January 1544 &ndash 5 December 1560 King-consort of Scotland (1558&ndash1560 and King of France (1559 &ndash 1560 was born Henry II (Henri II (31 March 1519 &ndash 10 July 1559 of the House of Valois and the son and successor of Francis I, was King of France from 31 Events 1419 - Hundred Years' War: Rouen surrenders to Henry V of England completing his reconquest of Normandy. Events 307 - After divorcing his wife Minervina, Constantine marries Fausta, the daughter of the retired Roman Emperor Events 48 BC - Battle of Dyrrhachium, Julius Caesar barely avoids a catastrophic defeat to Pompey in Macedonia. Events 63 BC - Cicero reads the last of his Catiline Orations. See also List of Scottish monarchs The Royal Consort of Scotland was the Spouse of the Monarch of Scotland. Francis II (François II (19 January 1544 &ndash 5 December 1560 King-consort of Scotland (1558&ndash1560 and King of France (1559 &ndash 1560 was born For the cognac see Louis XIII de Rémy Martin. Louis XIII ( September 27, 1601 – May 14, 1643) Henry IV (Henri IV ( 13 December 1553 &ndash 14 May 1610) ruled as King of France from 1589 to 1610 and as Henry III Events 489 - Odoacer attacks Theodoric at the Battle of Verona and is defeated again Events 1264 - Battle of Lewes: Henry III of England is captured in France making Simon de Montfort the Events 1264 - Battle of Lewes: Henry III of England is captured in France making Simon de Montfort the For the cognac see Louis XIII de Rémy Martin. Louis XIII ( September 27, 1601 – May 14, 1643) Early years Birth and ancestry Louis XIV was born in the Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye on September 5 1638 and bore the Heir apparent For the cognac see Louis XIII de Rémy Martin. Louis XIII ( September 27, 1601 – May 14, 1643) Events 1590 - Alexander Farnese 's army forces Henry IV of France to raise the siege of Paris. Events 1264 - Battle of Lewes: Henry III of England is captured in France making Simon de Montfort the Events 462 - Possible start of first Byzantine indiction cycle. Year 1715 ( MDCCXV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Early years Birth and ancestry Louis XIV was born in the Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye on September 5 1638 and bore the Heir apparent Early years Birth and ancestry Louis XIV was born in the Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye on September 5 1638 and bore the Heir apparent Events 996 - Emperor Otto III issues a deed to Gottschalk Bishop of Freising which is the oldest known document using the name Ostarrîchi Events 43 BC - Battle of Forum Gallorum: Mark Antony, besieging Julius Caesar 's assassin Decimus Junius Brutus in Year 1711 ( MDCCXI) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Early years Birth and ancestry Louis XIV was born in the Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye on September 5 1638 and bore the Heir apparent Events 1384 - The Hongwu Emperor of Ming China, Emperor Dong hears a case of a couple who tore paper money bills while fighting Events 43 BC - Battle of Forum Gallorum: Mark Antony, besieging Julius Caesar 's assassin Decimus Junius Brutus in Year 1711 ( MDCCXI) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Events 3102 BC - Epoch (origin of the Kali Yuga. 1229 - The Sixth Crusade: Frederick II Holy Year 1712 ( MDCCXII) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap Duke of Burgundy was a title borne by the rulers of the Duchy of Burgundy, a small portion of traditional lands of Burgundians west of river Saône which Marie-Adélaïde of Savoy ( 6 December 1685 - 12 February 1712) Princess of Savoy and Sardinia, was the eldest daughter Early years Birth and ancestry Louis XIV was born in the Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye on September 5 1638 and bore the Heir apparent Events 871 - Battle of Ashdown - Ethelred of Wessex defeats a Danish invasion army Year 1707 ( MDCCVII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Events 3102 BC - Epoch (origin of the Kali Yuga. 1229 - The Sixth Crusade: Frederick II Holy Year 1712 ( MDCCXII) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap Events 1618 - Johannes Kepler discovers the third law of planetary motion. Year 1712 ( MDCCXII) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap Louis XV (15 February 1710 &ndash 10 May 1774 ruled as King of France and of Navarre from 1 September 1715 until his death in 1774 Early years Birth and ancestry Louis XIV was born in the Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye on September 5 1638 and bore the Heir apparent Events 590 - Khosrau II is crowned as king of Persia 1637 - Ferdinand III becomes Holy Roman Emperor Year 1710 ( MDCCX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar or a Common year Events 1618 - Johannes Kepler discovers the third law of planetary motion. Year 1712 ( MDCCXII) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap Events 462 - Possible start of first Byzantine indiction cycle. Year 1715 ( MDCCXV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Events 1291 - Scottish Nobles recognize the authority of Edward I of England. Year 1774 ( MDCCLXXIV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a List of Counts of Anjou First creation 870&ndash1203 House of Ingelger Ingelger (870&ndash898 father Louis XV (15 February 1710 &ndash 10 May 1774 ruled as King of France and of Navarre from 1 September 1715 until his death in 1774 Louis XV (15 February 1710 &ndash 10 May 1774 ruled as King of France and of Navarre from 1 September 1715 until his death in 1774 Events 476 - Romulus Augustus, last emperor of the Western Roman Empire, is deposed when Odoacer proclaims himself Year 1729 ( MDCCXXIX) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 69 - Vespasian, formerly a general under Nero, enters Rome to claim the title of Emperor. Year 1765 ( MDCCLXV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Louis XVI ( 23 August 1754 – 21 January 1793) Louis-Auguste de France, ruled as King of France and Navarre Louis XV (15 February 1710 &ndash 10 May 1774 ruled as King of France and of Navarre from 1 September 1715 until his death in 1774 Events 79 - Mount Vesuvius begins stirring on the feast day of Vulcan the Roman god of fire Year 1754 ( MDCCLIV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or Events 69 - Vespasian, formerly a general under Nero, enters Rome to claim the title of Emperor. Year 1765 ( MDCCLXV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Events 1291 - Scottish Nobles recognize the authority of Edward I of England. Year 1774 ( MDCCLXXIV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Events 1189 - Philip II of France and Richard I of England begin to assemble troops to wage the Third Crusade. Year 1793 ( MDCCXCIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The title of Duke of Berry ( duc de Berry) in the French Nobility was frequently created for junior members of the French royal family. Louis XVI ( 23 August 1754 – 21 January 1793) Louis-Auguste de France, ruled as King of France and Navarre Maria Antonia Josepha Johanna von Habsburg-Lothringen (November 2 1755 &ndash October 16 1793 known to history as Marie Antoinette ( pronounced /maʀi ɑ̃ntwanɛt/ Ancestry Son of Marie Antoinette Louis XVI ( 23 August 1754 – 21 January 1793) Louis-Auguste de France, ruled as King of France and Navarre Events 202 BC - Hannibal Barca, leader of the Carthaginians, is defeated by the Roman legions under Scipio Africanus Year 1781 ( MDCCLXXXI) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 781 BC - The first historic Solar eclipse is recorded in China. Year 1789 ( MDCCLXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Louis XVII of France, also Louis VI of Navarre ( Versailles March 27 1785 – Paris June 8 1795) from birth Louis XVI ( 23 August 1754 – 21 January 1793) Louis-Auguste de France, ruled as King of France and Navarre Events 196 BC - Ptolemy V ascends to the throne of Egypt. 1309 - Pope Clement V excommunicates Year 1785 ( MDCCLXXXV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 781 BC - The first historic Solar eclipse is recorded in China. Year 1789 ( MDCCLXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 331 BC - Alexander the Great defeats Darius III of Persia in the Battle of Gaugamela. Year 1791 ( MDCCXCI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 68 - The Roman Senate accepts emperor Galba. 536 - St Silverius becomes Pope (probable Year 1795 ( MDCCXCV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Duke of Normandy is a Title held or claimed by various Norman, French, English and British rulers from the 10th century until the Louis XVII of France, also Louis VI of Navarre ( Versailles March 27 1785 – Paris June 8 1795) from birth Louis-Antoine of France Dauphin of France and Duke of Angoulême (born Louis-Antoine of Artois; August 6, 1775 – June 3, 1844) Charles X (9 October 1757 – 6 November 1836 ruled as King of France and Navarre from 20 May 1824 until the French Revolution of 1830, when he abdicated Events 1538 - Bogotá, Colombia, is founded by Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada. Year 1775 ( MDCCLXXV) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Events 1400 - Owain Glyndŵr is declared Prince of Wales by his followers Year 1824 ( MDCCCXXIV) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year Events 338 BC - A Macedonian army led by Philip II defeated the combined forces of Athens and Thebes in the For the game see 1830 (board game. Year 1830 ( MDCCCXXX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display Events 350 - Roman usurper Nepotianus, of the Constantinian dynasty, proclaims himself Roman Emperor, entering Year 1844 ( MDCCCXLIV) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year Angoulême ( Angoumois) in western France was part of the Carolingian empire as the kingdom of Aquitaine. Louis-Antoine of France Dauphin of France and Duke of Angoulême (born Louis-Antoine of Artois; August 6, 1775 – June 3, 1844) Marie-Thérèse-Charlotte of France ( 19 December 1778 &ndash 19 October 1851) was the eldest child of King Louis XVI of France Lineography is the Art of drawing without lifting the pen pencil or paintbrush that is being used A coat of arms or armorial bearings (often just arms for short in European tradition is a design belonging to a particular person (or group of people The arms were created by Jean de Beaugrand in 1604. Jean de Beaugrand (1584-1640 was the foremost French Lineographer of the seventeenth century

In Mark Twain's Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Huck encounters two odd characters who turn out to be professional con men. Samuel Langhorne Clemens (November 30 1835 – April 21 1910 better known by the Pen name Mark Twain, was an American Humorist, satirist Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (often shortened to Huck Finn) is a novel written by American Humorist Mark Twain. A confidence trick or confidence game (also known as a bunko, con, flim flam, gaffle, grift, scam, scheme One of them claims that he should be treated with deference, since he is "really" an impoverished English duke, and the other, not to be outdone, reveals that he is "really" the Dauphin ("Looy the Seventeen, son of Looy the Sixteen and Marie Antoinette"). A duke is a member of the Nobility, historically of highest rank below the Sovereign, and historically controlled a Duchy or a Dukedom Louis XVII of France, also Louis VI of Navarre ( Versailles March 27 1785 – Paris June 8 1795) from birth Louis XVI ( 23 August 1754 – 21 January 1793) Louis-Auguste de France, ruled as King of France and Navarre Maria Antonia Josepha Johanna von Habsburg-Lothringen (November 2 1755 &ndash October 16 1793 known to history as Marie Antoinette ( pronounced /maʀi ɑ̃ntwanɛt/

Alphonse Daudet also wrote a short story called "The Death of the Dauphin," about a young Dauphin who wants to stop Death from approaching him. Alphonse Daudet ( 13 May 1840 &ndash 16 December 1897) was a French Novelist.