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Dardania in the Roman empire as part of the province of Moesia Superior.
Dardania in the Roman empire as part of the province of Moesia Superior. The Roman Empire was the post-Republican phase of the ancient Roman civilization, characterised by an autocratic form of government and large territorial Moesia (Μοισία Moisía; Мизия Miziya; Moesia Мезија Mezija) was an ancient region and Roman province situated in the

The Dardani (Ancient Greek:"Δαρδάνιοι") were a Thraco-Illyrian tribe. Thraco-Illyrian is a hypothesis that the Thraco-Dacian and Illyrian languages comprise a distinct branch of Indo-European. [1]

In the 1st century BC, they invaded the Roman province of Macedonia together with the Scordisci and the Maedi. The Roman Empire was the post-Republican phase of the ancient Roman civilization, characterised by an autocratic form of government and large territorial The Roman province of Macedonia was officially established in 146 BC, after the Roman general Quintus Caecilius Metellus defeated Andriscus of Macedon Scordisci were in ancient geography a war-like tribe inhabiting the southern part of lower Pannonia, comprising parts of the present-day countries Austria, The Maedi (also Maidans, Maedans, or Medi) were a Thracian tribe who in historic times occupied the area between Paionia and In AD 6, they were conquered by Rome and became part of the province of Moesia Superior. Year 6 ( VI) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Julian calendar. Moesia (Μοισία Moisía; Мизия Miziya; Moesia Мезија Mezija) was an ancient region and Roman province situated in the

According to Strabo, they were divided into two sub-groups, the Galabri and the Thunaki. Strabo ( Greek: Στράβων 63/64 BC – ca AD 24 was a Greek historian, geographer and philosopher. Galabrii (Ancient Greek" Γαλάβριοι " was a Thraco-Illyrian tribe of the Dardani. Thunatae (Ancient Greek" Θουνάται " was a Thraco-Illyrian tribe of the Dardani [2]

Contents

Name and etymology

Living on the border between Thracian and Illyrian influence, the Dardani appear to have been a prototypically "balkanized" Thraco-Illyrian tribe. Thrace (Тракия Trakiya or "Trakija" or Trakia, Θράκη Thráki, Trakya is a historical and geographic area in southeast Europe Illyria ( Albanian Iliria ( Ancient Greek; Latin Illyria; see also Illyricum) was in Classical antiquity a region in the Thraco-Illyrian is a hypothesis that the Thraco-Dacian and Illyrian languages comprise a distinct branch of Indo-European. [3]

Beginning with Johann Georg von Hahn in 1854, 19th century historical linguistics speculated that Dardanoi and Dardania may be related to a proto-Albanian word meaning pear tree (dardhë in modern Albanian). Johann Georg von Hahn (born 11 July 1811 in Frankfurt am Main; died 23 September 1869 in Jena) was an Austrian Historical linguistics (also called diachronic linguistics) is the study of language change Albanian (sq ''Gjuha shqipe'' ˈɟuha ˈʃcipɛ is an Indo-European language spoken by nearly 6 million peoplewhile others claim that it derives from Daco - Opinions differ whether the ultimate etymon of this word in Proto-Indo-European was *g'hord- (which would make it related also to Greek achrás 'wild pear'), or *dheregh-. [4].

The distribution of ancient names found inscribed in Dardania are one of the main evidences that support the idea that the Dardani were Illyrians commingled with Thracians. Thracian names are found mostly in eastern Dardania, from Scupi to Naissus and Remesiana, although some Illyrian names occur. "Thracians" also refers to modern inhabitants of Thrace, regardless of ethnicity Scupi it is an archaeological site located between Zajcev Rid (Rabbit hill and the Vardar River, several kilometers from the center of Skopje, in Republic of Remesiana was an ancient city in what is now Serbia. Its modern name is Bela Palanka. The Illyrian languages are a group of Indo-European languages that were spoken in the western part of the Balkans in former times by groups identified as Illyrian names are dominant in the western areas, where Thracian names are not found[5].

Greek mythology

In Greek mythology "Δάρδανος" (Dardanus), one of the sons of Illyrius (the others being Enchelus, Autarieus, Maedus, Taulas, and Perrhaebus) was the eponymous ancestor of the "Δάρδανοι" (Dardanoi) . Greek mythology is the body of stories belonging to the ancient Greeks concerning their gods and Heroes the nature of the world and the origins and significance In Greek mythology, Dardanus ( Greek: Δάρδανος English translation: "burned up" from the verb δαρδάπτω ( dardapto Illyrius (Ιλλυριός is a name known in different stories found in ancient Greek mythology. [6]

Some Roman writers proposed a connection between these Dardani of the Balkans and the Dardans (Trojans) of the Troad, the popular version of the story being that a group of Dardan colonists had settled in the Balkans and had degenerated in their new Balkan home to a state of barbarism[7], becoming the Dardani. Ancient Rome was a Civilization that grew out of a small agricultural community founded on the Italian Peninsula as early as the 10th century BC See also Dardani The terms Dardan and Dardanian in classical writings were synonymous with the term Trojan the Dardans being Troy ( Greek: grc Τροία Troia, also, Ilion; Latin: Trōia, Īlium, Hittite: Wilusa or Troas or The Troad is the historical name of the Biga peninsula ( modern Turkish: Biga Yarımadası) in the northwestern part of Anatolia [8].

History

The Dardani were an Thraco-Illyrian tribe. Thraco-Illyrian is a hypothesis that the Thraco-Dacian and Illyrian languages comprise a distinct branch of Indo-European. They seem to have often been a threat to the Greeks in the kingdom of Macedon. Macedon or Macedonia ( Greek grc Μακεδονία grc-Latn Makedonía) was the name of a kingdom centered in the northern-most Dardania's largest towns were those of Ulpiana (Pristina), Naissus (Niš), Therranda (Prizren), Vicianum (Vučitrn), Skopi [9] (Stoc, Skopje), and its capital was Damastioni. Ulpiana was an ancient Roman city in the Balkans and a capital of the historic region of Dardania The city is also referred to in the Balkans as Prizren ( Albanian: Prizren or Prizreni, Serbian Cyrillic: Призрен is a historical city located in southern Kosovo. Prizren ( Albanian: Prizren or Prizreni, Serbian Cyrillic: Призрен is a historical city located in southern Kosovo. Vučitrn or Vushtrri ( Albanian: Vushtrri or Vushtrria; Latin: Vicianum Serbian: Вучитрн Vučitrn Vučitrn or Vushtrri ( Albanian: Vushtrri or Vushtrria; Latin: Vicianum Serbian: Вучитрн Vučitrn Scupi it is an archaeological site located between Zajcev Rid (Rabbit hill and the Vardar River, several kilometers from the center of Skopje, in Republic of Skopje (Скопје; Shkup or Shkupi is the Capital and largest city in the Republic of Macedonia, with more than a quarter of the population Damastion was an ancient city in the area somewhere near present-day Lake Ohrid.

List of the rulers of Dardania:

Dardania was conquered into the Roman Empire in 6 AD by Gaius Scribonius Curio, and became part of the province of Moesia Superior[11][12] in 87 AD. Bardyllis of the Illyrians (also attested as Bardylis in Ancient Greek: Βάρδυλις Βάρδυλιν Βάρδυλλις and Latin language Longarus was an Illyrian king of the Dardanii. Also name of the father of a Dalmatian Illyrian chief whose son was called Bato For other uses see Bato Bato of Dardania was an Illyrian ruler of Dardania. Monunius was an Illyrian king who lived in the 3rd century BC more specifically a Dardanii ruler The Roman Empire was the post-Republican phase of the ancient Roman civilization, characterised by an autocratic form of government and large territorial Year 6 ( VI) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Julian calendar. Gaius Scribonius Curio was the name of a father and son who lived in the late Roman Republic. Moesia (Μοισία Moisía; Мизия Miziya; Moesia Мезија Mezija) was an ancient region and Roman province situated in the For the processor see Intel 8087. Year 87 was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Julian Emperor Diocletian later c. Gaius Aurelius Valerius Diocletianus ( ca. December 22 244 The modern historian Timothy Barnes takes December 22 as his birthdate 284 made Dardania into a separate[13] province with its capital at Naissus (Niš). Events By Place Roman Empire November 20 — Diocletian becomes Emperor.

References

  1. ^ The Thracians by Ralph F. Hoddinott,1981,ISBN 050002099X,Chapter "The Odrysian state",section "The Roman intervention",page 223,"An invasion of the Thraco-Illyrian Dardanians"
  2. ^ Strabo: Books 1‑7, 15‑17 in English translation, ed. Strabo ( Greek: Στράβων 63/64 BC – ca AD 24 was a Greek historian, geographer and philosopher. H.  L.  Jones (1924), at LacusCurtius
  3. ^ "Not one of the peoples with whom we have to deal in this book has such a claim to the epithet "Balkan" as the Dardanians. . . because they appear as the most stable and the most conservative ethnic element in the area where everything was exposed to constant change, and also because they, with their roots in the distant prehomeric age, and living in the frontiers of the Illyrian and the Thracian worlds retained their individuality and, alone among the peoples of that region succeeded in maintaining themselves as an ethnic unity even when they were militarily and politically subjected by the Roman arms. . . and when at the end of the ancient world, the Balkans were involved in far-reaching ethnic perturbations, the Dardanians, of all the Central Balkan tribes, played the greatest part in the genesis of the new peoples who took the place of the old" Papazoglu, Central Balkan Tribes, p. 131
  4. ^ Elsie, Robert (1998): "Dendronymica Albanica: A survey of Albanian tree and shrub names". Zeitschrift für Balkanologie 34: 163-200 online paper
  5. ^ Durham, M. Edith, Dardania and Some Balkan Place-Names, Man, Vol. 23 (Mar. , 1923), pp. 39-42
  6. ^ Appian, The Foreign Wars, III, 1. 2
  7. ^ The Illyrians by J. J. Wilkes, 1992, ISBN 0631198075,page 220,". . . Leaving aside Strabo's comment on the dirty habits of the Dardanians, there is little on which to judge the general health of the Illyrian population. . . . "
  8. ^ Macurdy, Grace Harriet, The Wanderings of Dardanus and the Dardani, Transactions and Proceedings of the American Philological Association, Vol. 46 (1915), pp. 119-128
  9. ^ The Illyrians by J. J. Wilkes, 1992, ISBN 0631198075,Page 49,". . . historic Lychnitis around Ohrid and in Dardania around Skopje in the upper Vardar basin. Among the many tumuli surviving in Pelagonia only Visoi has so far been . . . "
  10. ^ The Illyrians by J. J. Wilkes,1992,ISBN 0631198075,Page 86,". . . including the names of Dardanian rulers, Longarus, Bato, Monunius and Etuta, and those on later epitaphs, Epicadus, Scerviaedus, Tuta, Times and Cinna. Other Dardanian names . . . "
  11. ^ The Illyrians by J. J. Wilkes, 1992, ISBN 0631198075,,page 210,". . . Here the old name of Dardania appears as a new province formed out of Moesia, along with Moesia Prima, Dacia (not Trajan's old province but a . . . "
  12. ^ The Illyrians by J. J. Wilkes,1992,ISBN 0631198075,page 210, ". . . 210 Roman Illyrians Skopje. Though its line is far from certain there seems little doubt that most of the Dardanians were excluded from Illyricum and were to become a part of the province of Moesia organized in the reign of . . .
  13. ^ The Illyrians by J. J. Wilkes, 1992, ISBN 0631198075,,page 210,". . . Here the old name of Dardania appears as a new province formed out of Moesia, along with Moesia Prima, Dacia (not Trajan's old province but a . . . "

See also

External links

Prehistoric Balkans is the period of human presence (including early hominins) before the appearance of Indo-European people, which extended Illyria ( Albanian Iliria ( Ancient Greek; Latin Illyria; see also Illyricum) was in Classical antiquity a region in the Illyrian tribes or possibly or partly Illyrian tribes or tribes inhabiting lands known as Illyria. See also Dardani The terms Dardan and Dardanian in classical writings were synonymous with the term Trojan the Dardans being Bardyllis of the Illyrians (also attested as Bardylis in Ancient Greek: Βάρδυλις Βάρδυλιν Βάρδυλλις and Latin language
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